Technology transfer – changes in the materials and containers used to store and transport

wine

By Sam Bloxham

5000BC-KwevriA Georgian clay jar.Were burried in the ground with a protruding

neck.Stored wine during fermentation (Vinosseur,

2010). Approximately 200L (Kurtiashvili , & Rose,

2006)

Kwevri, (Image from: Vinosseur, 2010)

4800BC- AmphoraMade from clay. Characterised by their narrow

neck and two handles (Amphora, 2011).

Used to store wineUsed to transport wine. Were placed closely on ships

with rope through the handles to hold them together (Amphora, 2011).

Amphora, (Image from Amphora, 2011)

350BC-BarrelsMade from rounded (moulded) oakCould be rolled and stackedUsed from fermentation through to transportMost convenient form of transportation until

the 19th century.

Oak wine barrels (Myrddin Barrel Club, n.d)

1600AD- Glass BottlesInitially used for wine to be immediately

consumed.1600AD Pigmented glass added weight. Became used to store wine with a cork

stopper. 1800ADCylindrical bottles were then made

for easier storage (McAdams, 2006).

1630AD

1640AD

1700AD 1730AD

1820AD

1780ADThe evolution of wine bottle shapes (Evolution of shapes, n.d).

Transporting environmentWine is perishable, for long life transporting

conditions must be maintainedIdeal temperature must be maintained

13-16°CHumidity should remain constant

70%Wine movement should be minimalClimate controlled containers used for

transporting to minimise fluctuations in environment

Modern methods for transporting wineBulk wine transport

ISO tanksFlexitanks

Pre-packaged wine transportBottled

ISO Tank containersFood grade tanks transport wine

internationally on ships. Ullage must be left in tanks.Wine must be stable before transportation to

reduce risk of oxidation.20,000L of wine per ISO

tank

Tank containers (Tank container logistics, 2011)

FlexitanksBladders that line the inside of containersUsed once to reduce contamination.Recyclable plastic24,000L of wine per flexitank

Bottled wineFragile glass can be broken during transportPackaging materials must be incorporatedWine is able to be sold once at destination1400 bottles per container

Cardboard dividers (http://www.smartpackagingstore.co.uk/acatalog/15%20Bottle%20Budget%20-%20Transit%20Pack.jpg)

Polystyrene packaging (http://www.smartpackagingstore.co.uk/acatalog/PolySafe_Bottle_Protection.html)

Moulded pulp (http://xiangzhi-molded-pulp-packaging.tradenote.net/product/661296-Wine-Shipper-Bottle.html)

Bulk vs. bottledBulk

Limited lost spaceCost efficientOxidation occurs

throughout entire product

Pre-packaged Lower volume per

containerMore costlyOxidation can be

limited

Future challengesTo reduce CO2 emissions To use recyclable materialsBulk transportationTo commit to trading schemes

Reference Ampohra. (2011). Retrieved 3 August 2011, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphora Evolution of shapes. (n.d.). retrieved 12 August 2011, from:

http://home.vicnet.net.au/~pwguild/a-botls.htm History of wine. (2011). Retrieved 7 August 2011, from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wine Kurtiashvili, O., & Rose, B. (2006, Janurary). Grapegrowing, on Georgian wine:an

introduction. The Australian and New Zealand Grapegrower and winemaker, 23-24 McAdams, C. (2006) Wine sediments. Wine bottle evolution. Retrieved 1 August

2011,from: http://winesediments.net/2006/11/26/wine-bottle-evolution/ Myrddin Barrel Club. (n.d.). Retrieved 21 August 2011, from:

http://www.myrddinwine.com/Barrel%20Club.html Nivala, D. (2007). Oak wine barrels- a short history. Retrieved 8 August 2011, from:

http://ezinearticles.com/?Oak-Wine-Barrels---A-Short-History&id=691736 A short history of wine bottles. (2009). Retrieved 1 August 2011, from:

http://salutwineco.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/historyofbottles/ Tank container logistics. (2011). Retrieved 7 August 2011, from:

http://www.acp-logistics.com/tank-container-logistics.html Trans Ocean. (2011). Retrieved 7 August 2011, from:

http://www.transoceanbulk.com/en/index.aspx Vinosseur. (2010). Retrieved 3 August 2011, from: http://vinosseur.com/tag/kwevri/