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Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

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Page 1: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Technology, workflow, and protocols

in collaboratively edited digitical editions

Juan GarcésBritish Library

eIS20 June 2007

Page 2: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Overview

• Technology– XML

• Workflow– quality control– quality improvement

• Protocols– author attribution– identification and retrieval

• What is ‘text’?

Page 3: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Technology

Page 4: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

XML

• Text Encoding Initiative– open standard and guidelines– de facto standard for Humanities texts– crucial: consistency (ODD), separation of

critical perspective (?)

• challenge: OHCO data model only allows one hierarchy

• encoding disagreement• texts are more complex

Page 5: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Desideratum

• simple editing environment that allows:– encoding of heterogeneous aspects of the

text– multiple instances of the same ‘layer’

(disagreement)– analysis of interrelation between instances

and layers

Page 6: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Workflow

Page 7: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Quality control: peer review/refereeing

• uphold standards of academic disciplines• stricter application since the middle of the twentieth

century• anonymity (seldom ‘double-masked’) and independence• criticisms:

– slow process (sometimes iterative process)– susceptible to control by elites and to personal jealousy– lacks accountability– may be biased and inconsistent – failure to catch all fundamental errors– fraud

Page 8: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Quality control:wikipedia model

• mass-publication tool converted into mass-authoring tool• everyone can edit contents• mistakes are eradicated by community• advantages:

– timeliness– impressive workforce– democracy

• problems:– susceptible to spam and vandalism– always a work in progress– downplays individual contribution– deters participation by scholars

Page 9: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Quality control:hybrids

• alternatives to traditional peer review:– open peer review (reviewers’ names made known)– parallel open peer review– voluntary peer review (publication first)– extended peer review (beyond publication date)

• true hybrids:– content-appropriate marriage of community-oriented,

collaborative editing and scholarly editorial process

Page 10: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007
Page 11: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007
Page 12: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Quality improvement:sequential print publication

Edition 1

Manuscript/surrogate

Editor 1

Editor 2

Editor 3

Edition 2

Edition 3

Page 13: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

improved Edition

Quality improvement:simultaneous digital publication

Editor 1

Editor 2

Editor 3

Manuscript/surrogate

improved Edition

Editionimproved

Page 14: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Protocols

Page 15: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Author attribution• social, legal, and technical genealogy

– social: 18th c. introduced a new concept of individualised authorship based on the idea of a creative genius working alone - the “privileged moment of individualization in the history of ideas, knowledge, literature, philosophy, and the sciences” (Foucault)

– legal: “1710 Copyright Act”, or “Act for the Encouragement of Learning and the Securing the Property of Copies of Books to the Rightful Owners Thereof”

– technological: coincides with the perfection of the movable types printing press• essential for evaluating professional output of Humanists (grant application,

tenure, etc.)• solutions for collaborative ‘authoring’:

– hierarchy of authors (lead, assistant, etc. – pre-assigned?)– editing profile (contribution broken down into modular or granular input – how to

quantify quality?)– peer assessment

• for any solution eeds to be accepted in professional evaluation scenarios!

Page 16: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

The Canonical Text Services (CTS) Protocol

• developed by Neel Smith in conjunction with the Center for Hellenic Studies (Washington, DC)

• defines a network service for identifying and working with texts

• permanence and citabilityof scholarly published works – they are “works possessing an explicitly identified edition and explicitly identified citation scheme, that can be irrevocably and identically replicated”

• digital library distributed objects accessible via a suite of network services (simple identification and retrieval)

Page 17: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

The Canonical Text Services (CTS) Protocol

• hierarchical TextInventory (following FRBR, includes identification of how to validate a document):– TextGroup+ (author, collection)– Work+ (notional)– Edition/Translation* (specific versions)– Exemplar* (specific physical copies)

• hierarchical model for citation of sections of a work (recursively nesting <citation>, mapping XPath expression)

• requests– requests expressed as URL parameters– replies formatted as well-formed XML – requests: GetCapabilities, GetWorks, GetValidReff,

GetDocumentMetadata, GetPassage, DownloadText

Page 18: Technology, workflow, and protocols in collaboratively edited digitical editions Juan Garcés British Library eIS 20 June 2007

Desiderata

• impermanence (time stamps, editions)

• new entities (data repository vs. VRE scenario)