technotes_04

8/13/2019 technotes_04

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HEAT & GLASSUnderstanding the effects of

temperatUre Variations on BUllseye glass

crystalline strUctUre

Notesa t e c h n i c a l s U p p l e m e n t f r o m B U l l s e y e g l a s s c o .

4

tech

THE UNIQUE NATURE OF GLASS, THE SUPERCOOL ED LI QU ID

g amorphous . i u u , , k , bu u .

B u u u u , u ( melting point) qu u ,

v u b v k bu qu w b b w b w k w w kiln orming.

ev , x b u u u qu . f supercooled liquid. a , u b b v

u , u b v 2000f (1093c), w w , w w w k k u u b w 10001700f (538927c). W , w

b v b u v .

amorphoUs strUctUre

a U g U s t 2 0 0 9 e d i t i o n


2/8


3/8

3

cold starting Width

12501350f(677732c) What yoU see What is happening physically Kilnforming process

1 l3 (1/8)

2 l6 (1/4)

3 l9 (3/8)

1 l :e

u , u b k .

2 & 3 l :

(s b v .) l b k.

i , w:

devitri cation.

Fire polishing, v b u

b .

g b sag u u . g

u w k

sintering low-tack using.

cold starting Width


1 l3 (1/8)

2 l6 (1/4)

3 l9 (3/8)

1 l :s b u .

2 & 3 l :l u k ,u u ;

.

su vv .

c z u .

g k w u , tack

using.


4/8

4

cold starting Width


1 l3 (1/8)

2 l6 (1/4)

3 l9 (3/8)

1 l :c b x

k needlepoints.

2 & 3 l :

l u u u .

g b vb u b

.

a u , vb v k u .

a b w b w w x .

Full use kilncarving(b b ).

cold starting Width

15001600f(816871c) What yoU see What is physically happening Kilnforming process

1 l3 (1/8)

2 l6 (1/4)

3 l9 (3/8)

1 l :a b w

u u

bubb .

2 & 3 l :

su w , bubb w

b w u .

U , w w u

6 (1/4)k .

V u ,w w u

v .

g b vw w w

. a u , k

, b

b .

Full use kilncasting.a u ,

w u k

v .

BEHAVIOR OF GLASS wHEN HEATEd u


5/8

5

cold starting Width


1 l3 (1/8)

2 l6 (1/4)

3 l9 (3/8)

1 l :Bubb w bu , v

.

2 & 3 l :g w k

. i v ,

w .mu b b . Bubb

w w u w u

u .

V u , w .

g u u combing w w

.

cold starting Width

ab v 1700f(927c) What yoU see What is physically happening Kilnforming process

1 l3 (1/8)

2 l6 (1/4)

3 l9 (3/8)

1 l :c u .

2 & 3 l : Boiling v

u .

V u . Kilncasting w uu b / v

u u w w, u


6/8

I. INITIAL HEAT room temp to 1000f (538c)U u b u 850f (454c),

(u thermal shock), qu k u v . B u w

u u , w x 1000f (538c) k u 850f

(454c) b v . t vqu w , u

. t , Bu , w vv v u : ~400f/ (222c/

).

t v u k u j , b .

2. PRE-RAPId HEAT SOAK 11501250f (621677c)t -bu -u u , w

u , v u u w b b

u , w , squeeze b w w -u .

3. RAPId HEAT 1000f (538c) to forming or process tempt bj v u v qu k b u vdevitri ication ( w u ), bu

u bubb b b w.

4. PROcESS SOAK 10001700f (538927c)t u w b bu v u , u u , k u , u

u , k . t b w w u

u . t b w u u b

heat work. i , w k w u , u w v . a Bu , w k v 10 u u b

.

5. RAPId cOOL process temp to ~900f (482c)g u b b u w - k u

qu k b , b , vv v u .

GOALS OF A FIRING ScHEdULE

U b v w u w u iring schedule w k . U u , u

k , w :

t b b u w b t u u b ( . ., u w

a u ( iring cycle iring pro ile) b ub v v u w .

a Bu , w b k u w w :

h w v , Bu kw v u . o vu u w b

w u u qu b u .

r k v , Bu w k w (w w

u k -w u ), b u 90

6. ANNEAL SOAK ~900f (482c)a , x ; , .

u w , u b . t v

w b k v

u . t annealing.

t u qu z u u u v .

W k Bu 900f (482c). t u k u u b k w u k . t

u u u u b

7. ANNEAL cOOL ~900700f (482371c)o u w b b

u k, u u . t qu

u b k ( v k w u k . t

u u u b 10f (5c) 900800f (482427c), w 20f (11c

800700f (427371c).

8. cOOL TO ROOm TEmPERATURE ~70080f (37127c)c u b q

b , uk.

i Bu u , v 1/4 (6 ) k , w w k

, w , u

6


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1700f (927c)

1600f (871c)

1500f (816c)

1400f (760c)

1300f (704c)1200f (649c)

1100f (593c)

1000f (538c)

900f (482c)

800f (427c)

700f (371c)

600f (316c)

500f (260c)400f (204c)

300f (149c)

200f (93c)

100f (38c)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

time in hoUrs

A

c

d

B

1. INITIAL HEAT

2. PRE-RAPIdHEAT SOAK

3. RAPId HEAT

4. PROcESS SOAK

5. RAPId cOOL

6. ANNEAL SOAK

7. ANNEAL cOOL

8. cOOL TO ROOm TEmPERATURE

IdEALIzEd FIRING GRAPH

s w / u , k k :

A fu u uB d v z bc s ud a k u

t z w b j w 1/8 (3 ) ,

x 12 (305 ) t k

j , u b

u b u . 3) i v

w u u b k , ,

v v w k qu k . a , u

w u w w u v u k w b .

KILNFORmING PROcESS TEmPERATURES

process temperatUre range

c b /B 16001700f 871927c

K 15001600f 816871c

fu u 14801550f 804843c

K v (b ) 15001550f 816843

s qu 14701550f 799843c

t k u ( ) 12901435f 69977

s ( ) 12551350f 679732

fu - - k ( ) 12551330f 679721

s u ( k ) 11001300f 593704c

p 10001250f 538677c

(93c) w . t , w w u b w b . f k

w k w k w v k , w k k u u .

THE ANTI-SUcKER PROcESS

s , u - , u -w x , w u w

w k w . su , suckers, w v k

u k w sucked-in.su k u , w

k . h wv , , b

k . i u w , u k w . h w v , u k k

k u .

a Bu , w v u u k u u b vu . 1) s k /

u 1250f (677c) u u u u u . 2) c

7


8/8

8

PRAcTIcAL APPLIcATION

i k u u , u b u b u

v b u j . f , v k u v w k . o u , bu

k , u , w , , .

i Bu r e u u w k v v u w u j . i , u b

v u u .

step rate (dph) temperatUre hold

1. i p - k

400f 222c 1250f 677c :30

2. r p k 600f 333c 1480f 804c :10

3. r a k afap* 900f 482c :30

4. a 150f 83c 700f 371c :005. f afap 70f 21c :00


1. i p k 300f 166c 1180f 638c :10

2. r a k afap* 900f 482c 1:00

3. a 100f 55c 700f 371c :004. f afap 70f 21c :00


1. i p k600f 333c 12751450f 691788c :10

2. r a k afap* 900f 482c 1:00

3. a 100f 55c 700f 371c :004. f afap 70f 21c :00

FIRING NOTES FOR ScHEdULE 2

n u u 1. t b u b

w , k , w u b u w v u u .

n - k u . qu b u ,

u squeeze b w , .

s u u v w , , b u ,

. s u u w b v u .

B u u w b w b u

b u u w u v , b

u b v v w u b k w u .

FIRING NOTES FOR ScHEdULE 3

t w w u

. i , u b . i , w v , u u b

v b u k b u v .

n - k u . qu

. t u w

b , w j b s u

p u k- u u w qu

w (000100-0008), x , w b u u u W (000113-0003).

n - k- u v v k , u u

s u 1. t b u k- u u vu , , b w .

ScHEdULE 3

f k- u 4b w . s .

ScHEdULE 2s u s u . s .

ScHEdULE 1f u - u 12 (305 ) ,

w 3 (1/8) -0030 p gl24 w, , :

* As Fast As Possible w b w v u kw b u b . W v .

r , w v v k , w u - k u .

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