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  • 1. STRUCTURES AND FORCES

2. TYPES OF STRUCTURES Frame Structures Shell Structures Arch Structures Mix and Match Mass Structures Suspension Structures 3. FRAME STRUCTURES

  • Is the most common choice of structures.

4. These structures are composed of long elements. 5. SHELL STRUCTURES

  • Are made of a thin outer layer.

6. They are like a strong and hard coat that maintains the require shape 7. ARCH STRUCTURES

  • The Romans invented the arch.

8. The stone at the very top is called the keystone 9. MIX AND MATCH

  • Different types of structures are combined
  • The combination is a moree complex structure.

10. MASS STRUCTURES

  • They are made of low quality of materials.

11. The structure is normally thick. 12. Advantage:Held in place by its own weight. 13. Disadvantage : Heavy need much material. 14. SUSPENSION STRUCTURES

  • A suspension structure holds an element.

15. Are often best for bridges. 16. Good for covering a very large span. 17. TYPES OF UNIONS

  • PERMANENT UNIONS :

18. They are meant for structures that will not needed to be disassembled. 19. Welding, rivets, glue...

  • NON-PERMANENT UNIONS :

20. Are those designed to assemble and disassemble the element of structures . 21. Nuts, bolts, clamps, friction... 22. FORCES ON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  • Tensional strain

23. Compression forces 24. Shear strain 25. Torsion forces 26. Bending forces 27. TENSIONAL STRAIN

  • Is the strain that causes an element to stretch

28. It can be due to forces 29. COMPRESSION FORCES

  • They are those forces which causes an element to get squeezed or buckled

30. SHEAR STRAIN

  • Shear forces act across a material in such a way they can force.

31. A good example are when we cut with the scissors 32. TORSION FORCES

  • If we apply a turning force called torque at one end of an element and, if the element is fixed to a support at the other end the element twists

33. BENDING FORCES

  • Act at an angle to a member making it bend

34. BY: Manuel Folgado and Ramn Barrabs