TecumsehChief of ShawneeUS bought 3 million

acres of landBelieved land sales

to US were wrongUnited various

tribes to fight US

TecumsehTraveled around

S&W trying to get support from tribes

Tried to get natives to turn from white man’s lifestyle

TecumsehDidn’t get much

support from tribes

Many tribes had already sold land

They were living on white man’s money

Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811

Tecumseh was traveling around trying to get support

Left brother “The Prophet” in charge – sneak attacked US

Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811

Americans retaliated

Destroyed Shawnee settlement on Tippecanoe River

Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811

Hero of battle was William Henry Harrison

Later elected POTUS in 1840

Aftermath of Tippecanoe

US found out British Canada had given weapons to Shawnee

War hawks – Congressmen from S&W who called for war against Britain

The Embargo of 1807Embargo was ineffectiveCongress repealed in 1809TJ decided not to run for a 3rd

1808, Madison elected & DRs maintained control of Congress

“Never did a prisoner, released from his chains, feel such relief as I shall on

shaking off the shackles of power.”—TJ

Congress repealed embargo 3 days after Jefferson left

Produced economic hardship, smuggling, & dissent in US

Embargo gained no political concessions from Fr or GB

The Road to the War of 1812Madison focused on foreign policy:

–1809: Non-Intercourse Act •US resume trade w/GB & Fr if neutrality is respected

–1810: Replaced this w/Macon’s Bill #2 •Exclusive trade to whichever nation 1st honored US neutrality

Madison eagerly reopened trade

with GB

…but GB continued to seize

US ships

Fr agreed to end trade restrictions (never stopped seizing ships or

impressing sailors)

Which region would have supported a declaration of war the most?

Most calls for war centered on GB interference with trade rights.

“Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry

NE Feds thought war with GB a mistake: feared US would lose & war would

bankrupt country

West & South wanted war to gain Canada & FL

1810, Congress War Hawksled by Henry Clay (KY) & John Calhoun

(SC) – demanded war

Madison eventually asked Congress for declaration of war

June 1812

Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution”

The War of 1812

War of 1812Despite increased patriotism, US

unprepared:– Congress refused to raise taxes– Army small & militias inadequate – Gov incapable of full-scale war

US goals:–Attack British Canada –Force GB to respect rights

US fared poorly against better trained GB troops

Navy more successful only b/c most of GB navy fighting Napoleon

War of 1812 – beginning

US unprepared–Canadians invaded immediately

US navy had frigates–Smaller, quicker ships–Most famous – USS Constitution

“Old Ironsides”USS Constitution

Sank 2 / captured 2 frigates in 1 battle

Cannonballs bounced off its hull (supposedly)

British attack DC

Americans burned York–Capital of Upper Canada

British retaliated – invaded DC–Burned Capitol & WH

EvacuationPres. & Mrs.

Madison escaped from White House

1st lady Dolley Madison saved important things from house

EvacuationDolley saved:

–Famous portrait of GW

–Dec of Independence

–Constitution

It’s still there

Battle of BaltimoreFt McHenry

bombarded all night by GB ships

Still standing at sunrise

Raised massive flag in triumph

Battle of BaltimoreFrancis Scott Key

on nearby ship

Watched all night

Wrote a poem

Battle of Baltimore

General Andrew Jackson

Gen Jackson fought battles against Creeks– Won decisively– Ended native

threat in south

Battle of New Orleans

After war was over– News moved slowly

Outnumbered, routed GB in NO

National hero, later POTUS

The War of 1812

1814: GB took offensive in a

3-pronged attack

GB turned back at Plattsburg on Lake Champlain & gave up Canadian offensive

GB attacked undefended Chesapeake, burned DC / sieged Baltimore

US army under AJackson defeated GB at New Orleans (after peace treaty)

Hartford ConventionFeds opposed war – didn’t pay

taxes or send troops1814: Feds met – Hartford Conv Discussed altering Constitution to:

–restrict Congress’ war powers –one-term president –abolish the 3/5 clause

Discussed seceding if they did not get their way

The War of 1812 is still going on!!

In order to reduce southern control of Congress

In order to break the Virginia presidential dynasty

Treaty of GhentEnded war, didn’t address

neutralityEffects of the War of 1812:

–Ended Indian-GB alliances in W–Scared Spain into signing

Adams-Onis Treaty -1819 –The lack of Federalist loyalty

was the fatal blow to the party

Spain ceded Florida to the USA