Teddy RooseveltMan of the World

“Speak softly but carry a big stick”

Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.

Panama Canal Zone (1903)

• Canal had been attempted by the French in 1880s…massive failure

• 1902 Congress approved purchase of French claim and equipment

• Panama was a colony of Colombia

• TR negotiated with Colombia– $10 million in gold and $250,000 per year for

a 6 mile wide strip of land across the isthmus

•U.S. Senate ratifies treaty…

•Colombian Congress sought to extort more money even though their representatives had signed the treaty

•Rejection of the treaty might “compromise the friendly understanding” between the two countries…

•Panama had often tried to rebel and become independent…these frequent uprisings worried President Roosevelt because Americans in Panama could be in danger

•Wielding his “big stick” Teddy sent the gunboat Nashville to Panama with U.S. Marines just incase violence broke out

•November 2, 1903 Panama revolution began

•U.S. Marines came ashore to protect Americans

•By November 4th a new government was declared

•New President of Panama instantly negotiated a treaty with the USA

•USA got 10-mile strip of land for a canal (same terms as Colombia)

•Colombia was furious…ready to attack…Teddy warned them that Panama was a friend and ally of the USA…

Panama Canal

Panama Canal 2

Other example of the “Big Stick”

• 1904 Northern Securities – taking on J.P. Morgan is gutsy…

• 1905 – Treaty of Portsmouth– Teddy used “Big Stick” diplomacy to negotiate /

mediate and end to the Russo-Japanese war– Meeting took place in Portsmouth, NH– Teddy won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for this

effort (first U.S. President to get it)

•1907 – Great White Fleet – massive new navy…world tour…15 battleships

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Twice during Roosevelt's years in office European powers threatened intervention in Venezuela and once in the Dominican Republic, presumably to collect debts owed to their nationals. To meet a threat of possible permanent intervention the secretary of war, Elihu Root, and Roosevelt framed a policy statement in 1904 that eventually became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that not only would the United States prohibit non-American intervention in Latin-American affairs but it would also police the area and guarantee that these countries met their international obligations. The corollary sanctioning U.S. intervention was to be applied in 1905 when, without Congressional approval, Roosevelt forced the Dominican Republic to accept the appointment of a U.S. "economic advisor," who quickly became the financial director of the small state.

Gunboat Diplomacy

“Speak softly but carry a big stick.”

Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese

ImmigrantImmigrant

Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese

ImmigrantImmigrant

Oriental [Chinese]

Exclusion Act, 1887

Oriental [Chinese]

Exclusion Act, 1887

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy

Secretary Secretary John HayJohn Hay..

Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.

Guaranteed that China would NOT be Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

The Cares of a Growing The Cares of a Growing FamilyFamily

The Cares of a Growing The Cares of a Growing FamilyFamily

Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World

Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905

Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905

Nobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for Teddy

The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907

Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Improve financialImprove financialopportunities for American opportunities for American businesses.businesses.

Use private capital toUse private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.

Therefore, the U.S. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and should create stability and order abroad that would order abroad that would best promote America’s best promote America’s commercial interests.commercial interests.

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he and puts Madero in prison where he was was murdered.murdered.

Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta.against Huerta.

The U.S. also got involved by The U.S. also got involved by occupying occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.country.

Eventually Carranza would gain Eventually Carranza would gain power in power in Mexico.Mexico.

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910sEmiliano ZapataEmiliano Zapata

Francisco I Madero Francisco I Madero

Venustiano Carranza Venustiano Carranza

Porfirio DiazPorfirio Diaz

Pancho Villa Pancho Villa

Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.

Spread Spread democracy.democracy.

Promote peace.Promote peace.

Condemn Condemn colonialism.colonialism.

Searching for Searching for BanditosBanditosSearching for Searching for BanditosBanditos

General John J. PershingGeneral John J. Pershing with with PanchoPanchoVillaVilla in 1914. in 1914.

U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,

19141914

U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,

19141914

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”