Teen Driver Risk Disk

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At I Drive Smart, our top priority is safe driving. From our experience and data on fatal teen collisions, we know that certain factors significantly increase the risks for teen drivers. For this reason, we have created a Teen Driver Risk Disk tool th atincorporates these risk variables to calculate a Risk Score. Parents and their teens can then assess the level of risk involved in a driving activity…and potentially use some of the strategies listed on the back of the disk to mitigate these risks.

Non-Negotiable Items

Before using the Risk Disk, there are some fundamental rules for any driver: Always wear a seatbelt! About 40% of all teens killed in crashes were not wearing

seatbelts. Studies show that simply strapping in reduces fatalities by nearly 50%. There will be zero tolerance of impaired driving, whether from drugs or alcohol!

Even a single drink impairs driving ability, and blood alcohol levels as low as .05 are shown to produce 7X higher fatalities in female teens and 17X higher in male teens.

Distracted driving is prohibited! This means no cell phone use or texting, no fiddling with music (MP3 devices, iPods), no programming a GPS while moving, and no interacting with other passengers! Data reveal distracted driving increases crash risk 4 to 9X, and distracted driving is tied to one of six fatal wrecks.

How the Risk Disk Works

A parent or teen simply needs to rotate the Risk Disk to display the proper combination of risk factors, and it will display the Risk Score. Months Driving: Rotate to display the months of driving experience (<6 or 6+). If the

driver is under 20 years of age, the risks of a fatal crash are 3 to 4 times higher. If the driver is in the first 6 months of driving, the risks are 8 times higher.

# of Passengers: Rotate to display the # of teenage passengers who will be in the car (0 through 3). When driving with other teen passengers, teens are more likely to be distracted. Data show that each teen passenger can potentially double the risk of a fatal collision for a teen driver, up to 6X the risk for 3 or more passengers.

Day/Night: Rotate to display whether the activity is during the day (indicated by yellow in the display) or night (indicated by black in the display).The per-mile fatal crash rate is four times higher at night (after 9 pm) than during the day.

The Risk Score shown in the top window is computed based on the risk variables selected above, with a higher score indicating a higher risk.

The Risk Score can be thought of as falling into one of three categories, with each category and the mitigating strategies shown on the back-side of the Risk Disk:

every destination along the way. Of course, this should be done while the teen is not driving the vehicle. This strategy helps ensure open communication by the teen about the travel plans and destination. It also enables the parent to gain insight or share information that might impact the rest of the plans (e.g., traffic issues, weather conditions, status observed at destinations along the way).

Require the teen to confirm the location/destination with a photo. Again, this reinforces open communication in the process as teens are not always completely candid about their intended travel plans. A photo helps to validate things.

The parent and teen should manage the miles together. This means coming to agreement on the number of driving miles involved in the plan. The parent can even check the odometer after the teen returns to verify that the miles driven are in-line with expectations.

The parent and teen should reach an agreement upon the overall itinerary, route, and timeline of the travel plans. That is, by knowing up-front the expected travel time to the destination(s), the parent and teen should have a mutual understanding of where the teen will be at a given time, and the check-ins should coincide with this planning. This strategy helps bring focus and attention to the task of driving for a teen.

3. Severe Risk (14+ points): With a score in this range, the risk level mandates a more serious discussion on risk reduction. The following strategies should be on the table: The parent and teen should safety map the route, going over the planned trip

and the safest route. Ideally, the teen should leave with a map (e.g., from Google or Mapquest) and written directions, avoiding known hazards along the way, with no need to rely on a GPS device.

The plan should limit the number of teen passengers. One of the variables that may have led to a higher Risk Score involves the number of other teen passengers, a factor known to contribute to distracted driving. A parent can simply require the teen to reduce the number of passengers, possibly coordinating with other parent(s) to help resolve logistics for the group.

With teen drivers, parents should know and have met any teen who plans to be a passenger in their teen’s car. This enables parents to act as gatekeepers in preventing as passengers other teens viewed as irresponsible or untrustworthy. This process also removes potential passenger anonymity, which can be a license to encourage more risky behavior.

The plan should limit the number of destinations. This helps minimize the inherent distractions that can be involved at each destination while also reducing the amount of miles driven.

Related to the above, if multiple passengers are involved, the parent and teen should look to reduce the number of passenger pick-ups. This can be done by creating a single pick-up or drop-off location for passengers. The act of picking up (or dropping off) a passenger can be distracting and can take attention away from the task of responsible driving, so reducing these events helps reduce risk.

The parent and teen should establish a travel time window. This means discussing in-advance when the teen plans to be on the road and arrive at the destination. The act of establishing a travel time window helps reinforce responsible behavior by encouraging the teen driver to stay on course, avoiding unplanned and distracting detours along the way. Adjustments to the travel time expectations should be made openly, prior to the teen getting behind the wheel (e.g., to avoid rushing to meet a curfew).

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When the score is in this range, there are still strategies that can be taken to minimize the risk faced. Have the teen call or text a parent upon arriving at the planned destination.

This improves communication and candor about the travel plans and destination. Pre-plan the route with the teen in a way that utilizes main roads. Ensure the teen uses routes with controlled intersections (lights or stop signs)

to decrease the risk of a sideways impact (which have the highest fatality risk). Mandate that the teen turn off (or place in the glove box) the cell phone, MP3

player, iPod, or other electronic device while driving. Distracted driving can even include programming a GPS while driving, so this should also be avoided.

2. High Risk (8 to 13 points): With a score in this range, the risk level has been increased by at least one of the three variables that drive risk for young drivers. For this reason, the parent and teen should assess whether any changes can be made to the driving plan to diminish the risk level. Beyond this, the following strategies can be used to further lessen the risk: Have the teen check in with a parent on a “point-to-point” basis, that is, at

1. Moderate Risk (< 8 points): There is inherently higher risk faced by a young driver.

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The Graduated Driver’s Licensing (GDL) Demystified Graduated Driver’s Licensing (GDL) systems have been adopted by all 50 states and Washington, DC over the last 30 years to ensure a measured-and-controlled introduction to driving risks for new drivers. GDL programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges. A study by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health has found that GDLs reduce fatalities by an average of 11% for 16-year-old drivers. While these programs have proven effective, they can be confusing, so this is a handy guide to understand the rules in your area.

How GDLs Work

GDLs usually involve three different stages. The Learner’s Permit: This is the initial stage of licensing, with the most restrictions,

allowing new drivers to begin learning how to safely operate a vehicle. To receive this, a driver must pass a vision and knowledge test. During this stage, a driver cannot drive alone and must drive with a supervising adult at all times. This stage requires a minimum of nine months in MD and VA and six months in DC.

The Provisional/Intermediate License: This next stage of licensing is achieved after gaining a specific amount of driving experience (as demonstrated in a signed log), holding a learner’s permit for a minimum required period, completing an approved driver-education program (for MD and VA), and successfully passing a road skills test. At this stage, young drivers can drive without adult supervision. Other restrictions remain in-place for a period of time (usually until age 18).

Full Driver’s License: This is the final stage of licensing and is awarded to drivers who have successfully completed the earlier phases of licensing. People are eligible for an unrestricted Full License at age 18 in MD and VA and age 17 in DC. In the case of VA, the VA Driver Training Certificate (provided after completing a driver-education program), combined with the Learner’s Permit, acts as a temporary license for 180 days until the Full Driver’s License is issued at a licensing ceremony.

The following provisions are consistent between MD, VA, and DC: A driver on a learner’s permit must be accompanied by a qualified supervising adult,

who must be seated beside the driver, with no other front-seat occupants. At no time may a driver under the age of 18 use a cellular phone or any other

electronic communication devices while driving. This includes text messaging and does not allow an exception for hands-free devices.

New drivers must hold a valid learner’s permit prior to beginning to drive a vehicle (including for a driver-education program) in MD, DC, or VA.

Drivers under age 18 are restricted in terms of night-time driving and the number of teen passengers allowed (details by jurisdiction are below).

MD VA DC Minimum age learner’s permit 15 years, 9 months 15 years, 6 months 16 years Minimum holding period for 9 months 9 months 6 months

Supervision required on Supervising, licensed driver (holding license for 3+ years, age 21+)

Supervising, licensed, driver (age 21+)

Supervising, licensed driver (age 21+)

Required supervised driving hours (night hrs.) 60 (10) 45 (15) 40 (10 during intermediate stage)

Minimum age intermed. stage 16 yrs, 6 months 16 yrs, 3 months 16 yrs, 6 months

Restrictions on drivers under age 18 (intermediate stage)

May drive alone between 5 am and

midnight

May drive alone if learner’s permit > 9 months + completed driver’s ed certificate

May drive alone

Night-time restrictions if under Age 18 (intermediate stage)*

12 am - 5 am (unless supervised)

12 am - 4 am (unless supervised)

**Sept. - June 11 pm - 6 am (Su-Th); 12 am - 6 am (Fr-Sa)

July - Aug 12 am - 6 am Passenger limits (< age 18, not relatives) (intermediate stage)

1 5 months: none st

allowed 1st 12 months: 1 max.

Thereafter, ≤ 3 1 6 months: none allowed; st

thereafter, until age 18, ≤ 2 Minimum age full license 18 years 18 years 17 years * Unless supervised by an adult, for work/school-event related, or related to an emergency ** Learner’s Permit night-time restrictions: Sept. – June 9 pm - 6 am, Sunday through Thursday

District of Columbia GDL

Minimum age for learner’s permit is 16 years. The supervising driver must be a licensed driver age 21 or older. To receive a provisional license, you must be at least 16 years, 6 months of age,

have held a learner’s permit for at least 6 months, and document ≥40 hours of supervised driving (in a document submitted by a qualified supervising driver).

To receive a full license, a qualified supervising driver must document at least 10 practice hours having occurred after sunset.

Curfew/Night Driving: From September through June: 11 pm - 6 am Sun. thru Thurs., 12 am - 6 am Fri. thru Sat. From July thru August: 12 am - 6 am.

Passenger Restrictions: First 6 months: no passengers; thereafter, no more than two (2) passengers. Passenger restrictions do not apply to family members.

Useful link http://dmv.washingtondc.gov/info/adult.shtm (DC GRAD program)

Maryland’s GDL (the Rookie Driver Program)

Minimum age for learner’s permit is 15 years, 9 months. If under 16, you must complete a Learner’s Permit School Attendance Certification

form (DL-300, provided by high schools) during the permit application process. Driver education is required for new drivers under age 25 to obtain a MD license. The supervising driver must be a licensed driver age 21 or older and must have

held the license for at least 3 years. To receive a provisional license, you must be at least 16 years, 6 months of age,

have held a learner’s permit for at least 9 months, and provide proof of completion of a state-approved, driver-education program. In addition, a qualified supervising driver must submit a signed Practice Log, documenting ≥ 60 hours of supervised driving for the applicant. A minimum of 10 of the practice hours must have occurred at night.

Curfew/Night Driving: Provisional license holders under age 18 are not authorized to drive without supervision between midnight and 5 am.

Passenger Restrictions: If under 18, provisional license holders are prohibited from having passengers under age 18 during the first 5 months (151 days) of the provisional period, unless accompanied by a qualified supervising driver or the passengers are direct family members. After this, this passenger restriction is lifted.

Minimum age for a full license is 18 years, as long as the driver has held a conviction-free provisional license for at least 18 months.

Useful links: http://www.mva.maryland.gov/Resources/SkillsLog.pdf (MD Rookie Driver Guide) and https://mvascheduling.mdot.state.md.us (MD skills test scheduling)

Virginia’s GDL

Minimum age for learner’s permit is 15 years, 6 months. Driver education is required for license applicants younger than 19 (18 if applicant

holds a valid license from another state). The supervising driver must be a licensed driver age 21 or older (or at least 18 if a

legal guardian, brother, sister, half-brother/sister, or step- brother/sister). To reach the next licensing stage, you must be at least 16 years, 3 months of age,

have held a learner’s permit for at least 9 months, and provide proof of completion of a state-approved, driver-education program. In addition, your guardian or foster parent must certify that you received at least 45 hours of driver practice, 15 of which must have been completed after sunset.

Curfew/Night Driving: Virginia's curfew laws prohibit a driver under age 18 from driving from midnight to 4 am (except if for work, school event, or emergency).

Passenger Restrictions: If under age 18 in the first year of your license, you may not carry more than one passenger under age 18. After you have held your license for one year, you may carry no more than three passengers under age 18 until you reach age 18. Passenger restrictions do not apply to family members.

Useful link: http://www.dmv.virginia.gov/webdoc/citizen/teen.asp (VA Teen Drivers)

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