teenage maternal competency in breastfeeding and immediate newborn
TRANSCRIPT
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Teenage MaternalCompetency in
Breastfeeding and
Immediate Newborn Care
REPORTED BY
!R"NC#E$C" O%I&I" D' N"P"%IT( RN
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INTROD)CTION
Teenage is a transitional period between
c*ild*ood and ad+lt*ood( c*aracteri,ed by
biological( psyc*ological( and social
c*anges' -*en a teenager becomes pregnant( t*e
psyc*ological ad.+stment of pregnancy is
added to t*e c*allenges in t*e transition of
teenagers /%ittleton 0 Engebretson( 12234'
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804313/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804313/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804313/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804313/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804313/ -
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INTROD)CTION
Teenage mot*ers( t*erefore( *a5e specific needs for
*elp to s+ccessf+lly na5igate t*ro+g* t*e combined
demands of adolescent de5elopment and t*eir role
as a new parent'
&ario+s terms *a5e been +sed to describe t*e role of
becoming a mot*er( from maternal role attainment /
Mercer( 67734 to t*e more recent 5iew of t*e ongoing
process of becoming a mot*er /Mercer( 12284'
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866436/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866436/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866436/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866436/ -
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INTROD)CTION
Researc*ers identify t*e significance of role identity(
social s+pport relations*ips( and de5elopmental
perspecti5es for t*e adolescent mot*er as s*e
adapts to t*e demands of parenting /
9ee 0 R*odes( 122:4'
In addition( an adolescent;s positi5e self
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INTROD)CTION
" fre=+ently cited as an area of maternal concern are
feeding and newborn care w*ic* are a considerable
portion of t*e daily care t*at mot*ers pro5ide to t*eir
infants /Bowman( 1223
Teenagers are also less cogniti5ely prepared to
engage in newborn care( e>perience more stress in
parenting( and are less adapti5e in t*eir parenting
style w*en compared wit* ad+lt mot*ers /
9ee 0 R*odes( 122:4'
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804313/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804313/ -
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DE!INITION
Maternal role attainment is a process in w*ic* t*e
mot*er ac*ie5es competence in t*e role and
integrates t*e mot*ering be*a5iors into *er
establis*ed role so t*at s*e is comfortable wit* *er
identity as a mot*er /Mercer and !er?tic*( 67734'
Competence is t*e ac=+isition of ?nowledge s?ills
and abilities at a le5el of e>pertise s+fficient to be
able to perform in an appropriate wor? setting'
/Pintric* and $c*+n?( 677@4'
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DE!INITION
Care of all newborns incl+des immediate and
t*oro+g* drying( s?in to s?in contact of t*e
newborn wit* t*e mot*er( cord clamping and
c+tting after t*e first min+tes after birt*(early initiation of breastfeeding( and
e>cl+si5e breastfeeding /-#O( 126:4
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DE!INITION
Breastfeeding( also called n+rsing( is t*e
process of feeding *+man breast mil? to an
infant( eit*er directly from t*e breast or by
e>pressing /p+mping o+t4 t*e mil? from t*ebreast and bottle
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$I9NI!IC"NCE O! T#E $T)DY
T*is st+dy will be a significant endea5or in
impro5ing ad.+stments and practice of
breastfeeding and immediate newborn care
for teenage mot*ers' T*e st+dy will also bebeneficial for *ealt* care professionals in
ed+cating teenage mot*ers to enable t*em
pro5ide competent care for t*eir
infantsAc*ildren and facilitating en*ancementof maternal role competency'
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$I9NI!IC"NCE O! T#E $T)DY
!inally t*e st+dy res+lt *as an implication for
n+rsing profession beca+se it generates
n+rsing ?nowledge t*at co+ld be
incorporated into t*e care of mot*ers andinfantAc*ildren( gi5es lig*t and indicates
direction to areas of f+t+re researc* in t*is
partic+lar en=+iries'
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T#EORETIC"% !R"ME-OR
Mercer;s Maternal Role "ttainment T*eory
ser5ed as t*e t*eoretical framewor? for t*is
st+dy'
Maternal role attainment is a process inw*ic* t*e mot*er ac*ie5es competence in
t*e role and integrates t*e mot*ering
be*a5iors into *er establis*ed role set( so
t*at s*e is comfortable wit* *er identity as amot*er /Mercer( 673( p' 674'
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1595220/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1595220/ -
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T#EORETIC"% !R"ME-OR
T*e concepts of MercerFs t*eory center on
t*e bond between mot*er and c*ild w*ic*
fosters competency( confidence and .oy in
t*e mot*er*ood role /Role "ttainment( 12234' !rom a t*eoretical perspecti5e( maternal
competence is a component of t*e maternal
role and is embedded wit*in t*e microsystem
of t*e mot*er'
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$tages of Becoming a Mot*er
T*e concepts of MercerFs t*eory center on t*ebond between mot*er and c*ild w*ic* fosters
competency( confidence and .oy in t*e
mot*er*ood role /Role "ttainment( 12234'
MercerFs original maternal role attainment
t*eory follows a process t*at *as fo+r stages' In
1228 Mercer re5ised t*e terms of t*ese stages
alt*o+g* t*e stages t*emsel5es remainbasically t*e same'
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$tages of Becoming a Mot*er
Commitment( attac*ment( and preparationstage d+ring pregnancy w*en t*e mot*er ma?es
psyc*ological ad.+sts and prepares for t*e
e>pectations of *er new role'
"c=+aintance( learning( and p*ysical
restoration stage w*ic* begins wit* t*e
infantFs birt* w*en t*e role of mot*er is
ass+med and learned in t*e conte>ts of *ersocial system'
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$tages of Becoming a Mot*er
Mo5ing toward a new normal stage in t*efirst few mont*s of t*e infantFs life w*ere t*e
mot*er ma?es *er new role fit *er lifestyle in a
personal way instead of in conte>t wit* a socialsystem'
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$tages of Becoming a Mot*er
"c*ie5ement of maternal identity stage w*ent*e mot*er internali,es *er role and e>periences
a sense of *armony( competence andconfidence w*ic* +s+ally occ+rs abo+t 8
mont*s after birt*'
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T#EORETIC"% !R"ME-OR
Experiences on breastfeeding and
newborn careAdjustments to ensure adherence
and compliance
Attitudes towards breastfeeding
and newborn care
Stress
Social
Support
Family Functioning
commitment, attachment, and preparation
Teenage Maternal Role ompetence
ac!uaintance, learning, and physicalrestoration
mo"ing toward a new normal
achie"ement of maternalidentity
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RE&IE- O! %ITER"T)RE
$elfperiences of
adolescent mot*ers by #G $pear/122@4
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H)E$TION$
-*at is yo+r age w*en yo+ first ga5e birt*
#ow many c*ildren do yo+ *a5e
-*ere do yo+ li5e -it* w*om do yo+ li5e
-*at is yo+r so+rce of income #ow did yo+ breastfeed
#ow and w*ere did yo+ learn breastfeeding
-*at can yo+ say w*en yo+ first breastfeed
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H)E$TION$
#ow did yo+ do immediate newborn care
#ow and w*ere did yo+ learn immediate
newborn care
Do yo+ *a5e prenatal c*ec?
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H)E$TION$
Do yo+ follow t*e prenatal c*ec? +p
sc*ed+le If yes( w*y If no( w*y
-*at ad.+stments did yo+ do to ens+re
ad*erence and compliance -*at do yo+ s+ggest for teenage mot*ers
li?e yo+ to *elp impro5e t*e ad.+stments and
practice of breastfeeding and immediate
newborn care to ens+re ad*erence and
compliance
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"DDITION"% H)E$TION$
-*at was yo+r birt*ing e>perience
#ow was yo+r e>perience as a teenage
mot*er
-*at were t*e ad.+stments made from t*etransition of being a teenager to being a
mot*er
Can yo+ tell t*at yo+ *a5e been a competent
mot*er If yes( w*y If no( w*y
-*at are yo+r f+t+re plans
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CONC%)$ION
T*e present st+dy fo+nd t*at teenage
mot*ers *a5e barriers in attaining maternal
competence' One of t*em is t*e lac? in
?nowledge of breastfeeding and newborncare' T*ey solely rely for information on t*eir
social s+pport w*ic* is composed of
significant ot*ers and *ealt* professionals
considering t*eir mot*ers as t*e primaryso+rce of social s+pport'
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CONC%)$ION
Teenage mot*ers are mostly 5+lnerable to
stress since t*ey *a5e m+ltiple roles t*+s
neglecting ot*er maternal roles li?e e>cl+si5e
breastfeeding' #owe5er( t*ey stri5e toimpro5e t*eir maternal competence and *a5e
a positi5e 5iew abo+t mot*er*ood'
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CONC%)$ION
T*eir maternal role competence is based
from t*eir attit+des( e>periences and
ad.+stments w*ic* were mainly infl+enced
by t*eir microsystem' $ocial s+pport playsan integral role in en*ancing teenage
maternal competence'
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CONC%)$ION
By increasing t*eir +nderstanding of teenage
mot*ersF meaning of t*e e>perience of
becoming a parent( n+rses and c*ildbirt*
ed+cators can de5elop additional programs(acti5ities( and ed+cational opport+nities t*at
assist teenage mot*ers wit* t*eir f+t+re
goals and aspirations'
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T#E END