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School: Ing: Jorge L. Tamayo.

Student Name: Larissa Janeth Martinez

Fiscal.

Teacher: Brenda Yamel Zenteno Buitron.

Grade and Group: 3° “A” Morning.

“Tehuacan”

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Dedication:

I dedicate this work to my parents because they did the best to me to study in this

school and my dependent only I succeed and they also make me to be a better

person every day.

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Justification:

I made this work in order to make known Tehuacan as a magical and beautiful not

only for its scenery if not also for its traditions, its history, its culture, its gastronomy

industries entre other things.

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Presentation

This paper presents the Tehuacán its location, geography, industries, history

tehuacan meaning "place of Gods" meaning concerning the popolocas, the first

known inhabitants here are surprised tehuacan and its natural .

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Location:

Puebla in Mexico

Tehuacan in Puebla:

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Tehuacan and 5 regions:

Tehuacan:

Tehuacán is the second largest city in the Mexican state of Puebla, nestled in the

Southeast Valley of Tehuacán, bordering the states of Oaxacaand Veracruz. The

2010 census reported a population of 248,716 in the city and 274,906 in its

surrounding municipality of the same name, of which it serves as municipal seat.

The municipality has an area of 390.36 km² (150.72 sq mi).[1]

Originally a Native American settlement, it became officially a city in the Viceroyalty

of New Spain in 1660. According to the archaeologist Richard Stockton MacNeish,

the Valley of Tehuacán is the first place maize was ever cultivated by humankind.

He arrived at this conclusion when he found over 10,000 teoscintle cobs in what is

now known as the Cave of Coxcatlan.

In the late nineteenth century, the city was well known for its mineral springs. In

fact, Peñafiel (now owned by Cadbury Schweppes), a well knownsoft

drinks manufacturer, extracts water from these wells for use in their products.

Tehuacán also has an important cluster of poultry producers, making the city and

its surroundings one of the most important egg producing regions in Mexico.[2]

After the NAFTA agreement had been signed, Tehuacán saw a flood of

textile maquiladoras established in the city and surrounding areas. These textile

factories principally put together blue jeans for export to companies such as The

Gap, Guess, Old Navy, and JC Penney. At the height of the maquila (short for

maquiladora) boom, there were an estimated number of more than 700 maquilas in

town, including those that were operating from homes, often in secret. While this

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situation created a negative unemployment (zero unemployment) and the maquilas

sought workers as far away as Orizaba and Córdoba in the neighboring state

of Veracruz, it also created an urban and environmental nightmare. In one decade,

Tehuacán went from being a town of 150,000 inhabitants to a city of 360,000.

Although many maquilas have closed today, in 2007 there were still over 700 of

them found in Tehuacán.[3] Due to the poverty of the families living in Tehuacán,

child labour in the maquilas is common, and worker's rights are often exploited

there. Additionally, chemicals such as caustic soda, chlorine, peroxide, oxalic

acid, sodium bisulphate, potassium permanganate, and sodium

hexametaphosphate are being discharged into the freshwater supplies by the jean

laundries. Despite having new purifying technologies available at certain large

facilities, they are still not being used the majority of the time. The water, which

contains heavy metals such as mercury, lead, copper, zinc, chrome, cadmium and

selenium is then used by the farmers to irrigate their land. The cost of

environmental deterioration in 2002 was estimated to be $63 billion per year.

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Tehuacán glyph

This is the currently accepted glyph city of Tehuacán.

It is based on the work of Felipe Franco's 1946

Geographic Indonimia Puebla State, same as inferred

from the word Teohuacan, ie instead of gods or the

sun.

(From "La Fortaleza del Cerro Colorado Tehuacan

Puebla," Galvez Mauricio Rosales)

The glyph is interpreted as follows: At the bottom you

can see a gum with teeth, which means "place". The

album is a solar symbol, or sacred. Hence, to be known as Tehuacán "City of

Gods", "Place of those gods", "Place of those with God" or more currently "Sun

City".

Tehuacan Shield

He Shield of Tehuacán is made up of four quarters:

In the first quarter there is a black eagle on the nopal with two arrows in its right

claw and another crossed by its legs, on the left side of the quarter are three maize

with spikes of gold which the Indians call "Miahuatl", in a blue field.

In the second quarter it shows a Black Eagle in white with a

golden beak putting one leg on ateponaxtle and the other

lifting two clasped arrows. At the right side of the eagle an

ayacaxtle or sonaja is playing an

instrument and dancing with the

Indians. Just below is a drum, on the left side are

two teponaxcle and below sits aQuetzal feather.

In the third quarter there is a bush with a red flower on

its outspread branches; in the native

language the flower is called a

"tlaxochitl". Below the tree is a bird

digging up a flower, the tree is called

a Mezquite. On the right side is a castle on a hill and

near it there are white and colored stones, below the

castle is a cave.

In the fourth quarter there is a decapitated head which is

held up by a hand that is reaching out from the right side

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and is holding the head up by its hair, the left hand is also in the picture and is

grasping an arc. In the midst of the four quarters the head of Chimalpopoca and as

Cimera, the Virgin of the Conception.

History of Tehuacan:

Tehuacán was part of the royal road that communicated to the port of Veracruz toTenochtitlan. Historical past dates back to 8500 BC. The choco-popolocas tribefrom Coapan, was established in Tehuacán Viejo.The history of the region dates back to ancient years before it was a stretch of seacurrently leaves its trail in San Juan Raya with an immense amount of fossil, dinosaur footprints; in the city of Tehuacán there streets with ridges formedlimestone named “Tecuate” that were once sea corals. During pre-Columbian timesis noteworthy that the Tehuacan Valley was crib corn and avocado. The earlycivilizations were popolocas who built the city of the sun "Tehuacan old",unfortunately not much is known of this archaeological zone, even have beenfound vases and ceramic.The city at the time of the insurgents served as a strategic point for location givingasylum to the troops of Morelos.In the early twentieth century due to its famous waters springs the city will becomean international tourist center filling of large luxury hotels at the time.Tehuacan is also known for its fairs, the best known is the the fair of pomegranates, that's why Tehuacan is known as the city of pomegranates. Inwhich it presented a bit of what is Tehuacan, with a mixture of customs andtraditions originating indigenous and Spanish architecture, culture and cuisine

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Tehuacan soft drink industry

The existence of springs that have healing properties allowed Tehuacán was

recognized as the first American hydromineral center under the slogan "Tehuacán,

health city". His fame transcended borders and hundreds of people came from

several states and abroad to consume natural or bottled water and thus cure their

illnesses.

The abundance of water in various parts of the municipality came eight bottling of

mineral water and refreshing flavor that had great height in the domestic market,

where consumers by saying "give me a Tehuacán" knew distributors related to

product is bottled at this place.

The boom in the soft drink industry was from the forties and continued until the

eighties, when the bottlers, mostly local and national entrepreneurs, became the

main source of employment for male workers, achieving some nearby towns

inhabitants emigrated to what was used in one of the highest paid activities and

better employment benefits.

Spring “El Riego”

Located at the foot of the plateau “El Riego”. In the middle of the seventeenth

century had a great flow, as supplied the extensive grounds of the estate of the

same name, which was adjacent to the Auxiliary Board of St. Mary Coapan. A half

of the nineteenth century this property was the family Acquire Mont.This source is

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considered to be the cradle of the bottling industry in

Tehuacán in 1901 as Mr. Joaquín Pita's first factory installed

same year produced two thousand boxes of mineral water

brand diamond with the help of a steam-engine of 15

horsepower. A year later Mr. Pita was associated with

Anacharsis Peralta Requena to produce the brand Red Cross.

This company was sold in 1903 to Mr. Lucindo Carriles from

1924 who joined forces with Joaquin Cordoba to produce the

brand Covadonga. In 1933, this source would industrialize its

waters under the signature of Arturo and Andrés de la Llave

Zaplana, after the company was able to Tehuacán “El Riego”

springs.

Spring of "San Lorenzo"

The ejido uses water from the springs

to offer two very popular resorts: the

one in the center of town south of

Highway 150 that comes from Puebla,

and known by the name of Sport

Fishing with facilities modern family to

spend a Sunday happy.

They are a source of employment for

its residents several embotalladoras

as maquiladoras and Bright Water.

Spring "Peñafiel"

It is fed by an underground stream that originates in the Pico de Orizaba or

Citlaltépetl (Cerro de la Estrella) due to the melting glaciers of snow, another

wonder hydrological arid valley Tehuacan and is the work of infiltration galleries

dating from colonial times and even today

some still producing water.

LOCATION: Avenida José Garci-Crespo

federal highway Tehuacán – Orizaba.

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Poultry industry:

With a daily production, approximately, 45 thousand boxes of eggs, Tehuacán is

the second national poultry production, which has led the industry to seek cost

reductions in areas such as poultry feed, as currently several farms have their own

feed mills.

Romero Consortium, founded several decades ago by Socorro Romero Bringas, is

the strongest in poultry production in Tehuacán, but in recent years the local

market is held with industry Bachoco Sonora, who came to racing you in your own

house.

There are a total of 13 farms that concentrate the production of 45 thousand boxes

of egg per day, according to Jorge Cadena Romero, president of the Union of

Poultry Farmers of Tehuacán, but it should be noted that there are small farms that

make their own efforts, some of which are derived from the same extended family.

Since 1993, poultry farmers maintain a sanitary cordon against diseases such as

avian influenza, so several of them explained that there is no risk that the disease

could affect local farms.

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Typical Food Tehuacan:

PAN of DONKEY Water bread or white bread (pan de burro, represents the purity of the soul) is used as offerings for the day of the Dead. It is made in San Gabriel Chilac, San Sebastian and San Jose Zinacatepec Miahuatlán and is so named because the baskets before they were brought to the bread were transported on donkeys, currently decoraos with a drawing of it. Ingredients: * 3 cups white bread flour * 2 1 / 2 (0.25 ounce) packages dry yeast 1 tablespoon salt * 1 cup warm water Preparation: 1. Dissolve yeast in warm water. Mix flour and salt. Add yeast and mix with a spatula until well blended. Cover with flour a clean surface. Knead at least ten minutes, until smooth and elastic (the consistency and texture of the dough). 2. Wrapped in a plastic sheet and leave in a warm place until doubled (about an hour). Put the dough on a lightly floured surface crushed to eliminate bubbles. Cut into 8 pieces. Form rolls make a slit lengthwise with a knife. Place on an oiled sheet and let double in size. 3. Bake for 15 to 20 minutes or until golden.

MUEGANO Ingredients: 1 kilo of flour 1 egg ¼ liter of water 50 grs. of brown sugar 400 grs. butter Sal

FOR HONEY: ½ kilo of brown sugar ¼ liter of water 1 cinnamon stick Procedure:

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Mash well the brown sugar and dissolved in water. Mix the flour, egg, brown sugar dissolved in water and a teaspoon of salt. Knead the dough well so that is consistent and extends through the roller to leave quite thin. Cut dough into squares, fried in butter. Allowed to cool and get into the honey syrup. To make honey, put water in a saucepan, brown sugar and cinnamon crushed, letting it boil until it holds strong ball. Stick the cubes in groups of five, to form muéganos, which is left to dry on the table.

MOLE HIP This delicious dish originating in the Mixtec Oaxaca and Puebla share is the result of a ritual that goes from pasture to slaughter the goats. Ingredients: 1 set of hips and spine killing goat 1.5 kg. tomatillo or miltomate Chile Costeño to taste Onion to taste Garlic 3 bunches of Colorado Guaje 1 bunch Pepicha 10 dried avocado leaves Salt to taste Oil to taste Oil to taste Preparation: Boil the meat with garlic, onion and salt for three to four hours until meat is tender. Was withdrawn and reserved broth. Apart little water is boiled in tomatoes with chilies and garlic to taste. Strain and reserve. In a pan heat a little oil or a little fat from the broth, add the blended with a little broth and allowed to season, add the meat with the rest of broth, avocado leaves and the pepicha boil. Peel the gourd and blended with a little broth and poured into the pan. Mole boil two minutes and serve hot.