teks (10) organisms and environments. the student knows that there is a relationship between...
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TEKS(10) Organisms and environments. The student knows that there is a relationship between organisms and the environment. The student is expected to:• 7.10A observe and describe how different
environments, including microhabitats in schoolyards and biomes, support different varieties of organisms;
• 7.10B describe how biodiversity contributes to the sustainability of an ecosystem; and
• 7.10C observe, record, and describe the role of ecological succession such as in a microhabitat of a garden with weeds.
BiomeLarge area that has similar weather and
organisms• Terrestrial (land): desert, tropical rainforest,
grassland• Aquatic or Marine (water): freshwater,
saltwater
Ecosystem
Consists of all the living and nonliving factors of the environment.
Partner Discussion
What is a biome and what abiotic factors characterize each biome?
A biome is a large area that has similar weather and organisms. Abiotic factors include elevation,
climate, temperature, and precipitation.
Abioticnonliving things in an environment Examples: Light, soil, water,
temperature, air, and elevation
Air
Bioticliving or once living (dead) things in
an environment; plants and animals.
HabitatWhere an organism lives, includes everything
an organism needs to surviveForest – habitat of a wolf
Microhabitat small habitat
Flower gardenDecaying tree / rotting log bushes
Biological DiversityAKA… Biodiversity
Variety of organisms in an area• More Biodiversity = healthy or stable
ecosystem, like Tropical Rainforest or ocean• Less Biodiversity = unstable or fragile
ecosystem, like Tundra
Partner Discussion
• How might the biodiversity of the populations in a habitat affect organism interdependency?
• Biological interactions are the interactions between different organisms in an environment. In the natural world, no organism is cut off from its surroundings. Organisms are a part of their environment which is rich in living and non-living elements that interact with each other in some way.
Sustainability• Stable ecosystem that can survive and thrive
on its own• Variety of plants and animals (biodiversity)
Limiting Factor• Anything that restricts the number of
individuals in a population to grow. (Food, Space, shelter, water)–Running out of space for nesting
limits the birds from reproducing.
Tundra
Tundra
Located near North Pole (Alaska)Extremely coldLittle precipitation, but limited drainage Soil is frozen, called “Permafrost”Low biotic diversity Short season of growth and reproduction TreelessPlants: lichen, moss, grass, small shrubsAnimals: insects and migratory birds in summer, hawks, snow owls, mice, arctic hares, reindeer
Largest BiomeSouth of the TundraLong cold, snowy winters and Short warm, rainy,
humid summersPlants: Coniferous forest (cone bearing)Animals: Moose, lynx, shrews, bears, foxes
Taiga (TI guh)
Deciduous Forest
• Eastern U.S., Russia, Japan, New Zealand, Southeastern Australia
• 4 distinct seasons• Deciduous trees (have leaves that change color that they lose in the Fall)
• Lots of decomposition on forest floor: insect diversity
• Plants: Oak, maple, and hickory trees• Animals: Bald eagles, coyote, platypus, squirrel, deer
Tropical Rain Forest
Near the equatorWarm temperatures and lots of precipitationTemperature doesn’t vary much night and dayLittle nutrients in soil because of competition
of abundance of plant lifeVery diverse plants and animals (Coconut
trees)
DesertDriest BiomeRain quickly evaporates or drains away
Animals: Few large animals, kangaroo rat, scorpions (Most nocturnal and burrowing because extreme temperatures
Few plants: cacti, joshua treeSandy soil with little organic matter
Grasslands
Located in mid and western U.S. and AfricaThin soil and a season with little rainPlants: grasses, small shrubs, few treesAnimals: kangaroo, zebra, wildebeest, lion
Freshwater
The freshwater biome is made up of rivers, streams, creeks, lakes and pondsPlants include algae,water lilies, cattails and moss. Animals: plankton, alligators, turtles and beavers.Sunlight and Temperature varies according to location. Little to no salt in the water.
Salt Water (Marine)
Ocean (Light & Dark zones), Plants include coral reef, seaweed, algae, and sea grasses.Animals include starfish, crab, sharks, whales, fish, and sea ottersWater with a high concentration of salt.Amount of sunlight and temperature varies according to location.
Intertidal zone
Estuary• Transitional zone between
freshwater (river) and saltwater (ocean)
Native Species• A species is specific group of plant or animal
that can reproduce similar offspring.• Native Species are plants and animals that
naturally lives in a particular area.• Invasive Species – (nonnative) introduced
into an environment by people (alien)
Invasive SpeciesInvasive Species – These species are introduced into an environment by people• AKA – nonnative, nonindigenous, alien, exotic• No natural predators, so it often
grows/spreads/reproduces quickly• When an invasive species takes over, native species
die.• Examples: Zebra Mussels, Pest, Weeds
EcologicalSuccession
Ecological Succession• gradual replacement of
populations in an area (how barren land changes into a forest if left alone)
Climax Communities• Stable stage of ecological
succession• Equilibrium• Forest
–Trees–Large animals
Primary Succession• Begins in a place without any soil.
(After a volcanic eruption, or a glacier receding)
• Pioneer Species (arrive first) – living things that do not need soil to survive, they can survive in extreme conditions and start the soil-building process. Examples - Lichens and Moss.
• Primary Succession takes up to 1,000 years to reach a climax community
SoilBuildingProcess
Grass &Shrubs
Smallanimals
Trees &Larger
Animals
BarrenLand
ClimaxCommunity
Secondary Succession• Begins in a place that already has SOIL
and was once the home of living organisms
• Normally occurs after a wildfire, flood, deforestation, or construction.
• Pioneer species are grasses and small shrubs.
• Secondary Succession may take a century (100 years) to reach climax
ClimaxCommunity
BarrenLand
Grass &Shrubs
Smallanimals
Trees &Larger
Animals
Stages of Succession
Birth
Growth
Maturity
Stability
Death