Genetic TraitsTEKS 7.14A: The student will define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation.

What is a trait?A trait is a behavioral characteristic or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEHsLpq7bcY

BILL NYE SCIENCE GUY - GENES

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=human+genetic+traits+&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=0B33F9119005E8D92C920B33F9119005E8D92C92

HOW STUFF WORKS? – THE FUTURE OF GENETIC MODIFICATION

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=human+genetic+traits&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=9E64BC365FAB6D5453669E64BC365FAB6D545366

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=NOVA+genetics&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=0D98A118A88A4088A9FE0D98A118A88A4088A9FE

NEIL DEGASSE TYSON – NOVA, EXPLAINS WHY TWINS ARE NOT IDENTICAL

BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY - GENES

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Heredity+Science+Olympiad&Form=VQFRVP#view=detail&mid=40F8929CF8BA8E413EF140F8929CF8BA8E413EF1

NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON – NOVA, PERSONAL DNA TESTING USING SALIVA

TO FIND DISEASEShttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Nova+genetic+testing&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=9824DBD0CE82230C4CC29824DBD0CE82230C4CC2

PBS/NOVA - CRACKING YOUR GENETIC CODE

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Nova+Heredity&Form=VQFRVP#view=detail&mid=C09A6737C9624C4B2F03C09A6737C9624C4B2F03

What is a trait?

Genetic Traits (post-homework)

Where did these traits come from?From your biological parents. One set of chromosomes from your mom (23) and one set of chromosomes from your dad (23). Which make a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/K/Karyotype.html

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote cells? Remember?Prokaryotic (Archaebacteria, Bacteria, and some protists) do not have genetic material contained in a nucleus, but the genetic material is still present. Eukaryotic (other Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals) have genetic material contained in the nucleus.

http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/Chromosomestudy.htm

WHAT IS A GENE?A gene is a segment of DNA located on each chromosome.

The genetic material is made of an organic compound called deoxyribonucleic acid

(DNA).

Each gene has a particular form.

Chromosomes are found in each living organisms cells they contain the hereditary

material. In Eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in

the nucleus.Heredity is the passing on of a trait contained in chromosomes to the next generation.

What elements does an organic compound contain?

CARBON, and hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. SPONCH

Within the nucleus, genes occur in pairs.

An allele is a form of a gene.An allele can either be dominant or

recessive.If a dominant allele of a gene is present, the dominant trait will appear (show the phenotype) in an organism. A capital letter is used to represent a dominant allele. (Rr, RR)

In order for a recessive trait to appear (show the phenotype), both alleles of a gene must be recessive. A lower case letter is used to represent a recessive allele. (rr)

These 4-square examples are called Punnett Squares and used by geneticists.

FYI: THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL WAS BASED ON HIS DISCOVERY THAT HEREDITY INFORMATION FOR TWO DIFFERENT FORMS OF A TRAIT CAN

COEXIST IN ONE INDIVIDUAL. HE RECOGNIZED THAT ONE FORM OF THE TRAIT MASKS THE EXPRESSION OF THE OTHER. THIS PRINCIPLE IS KNOWN AS

THE LAW OF DOMINANCE.

The Father of Modern Genetics http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gregor+mendel&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=0CD8E58343E97CCDE4FF0CD8E58343E97CCDE4FF

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gregor+mendel&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=97EF05F36E3622FBD2F697EF05F36E3622FBD2F6

Scientists use a model called a Punnett Square to predict the

outcome of a particular combination of parent traits.

They predict the potential genotypes of the offspring of

two parents with known genotypes.

The expression of a gene is called a phenotype. (photo – what you see)

The genotype is the possible combinations of alleles in a gene.

TEKS 14C: The students recognize that inherited traits of individuals are governed in the genetic material found in

the genes within chromosomes in the nucleus.

Complete handout: “How do genes determine traits?”

And / or Complete “Penny genetics”

lab.

TEKS 14B: The students compare the results of

uniform or diverse offspring from sexual reproduction or

asexual reproduction.

The prefix a- means without;

the root word “sexual” implies the union of an

egg and sperm cells (two parents).

Asexual reproduction advantage is that it does not involve finding a mate; offspring occur quickly. The disadvantage is that all

of the offspring have the same genetic makeup as the parent.

There is NO diversity.

In sexual reproduction, genetic material is donated from two parents and the

offspring have more genetic variation.