telecommunication in business

8/8/2019 Telecommunication in Business

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Telecommunicationsin Business

By Raghav Gandotra


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Network Concepts

Network

An interconnected chain, group or system

Number of possible connections on a network

is N * (N-1) WhereN = number of nodes (points of

connections on the network)

Example, if there are 10 computers on a

network, there are 10 * 9 = 90 possibleconnections


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Telecommunications

Telecommunications

Exchange of information in any form

(voice, data, text, images, audio, video)over networks


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Trends in Telecommunications

Services available todayServices available today

Full Service SpectrumBroadcast TV

High-definition TV

Enhanced pay-per-view

Video-on-demand

Interactive TV

Interactive video games

Video catalog shopping

Distance learning

Desktop multimedia

Image networking

Transaction servicesInternet access

Telecommuting

Videoconferences

Video telephony

Wireless Access

Cellular/PCS systems

POTS-Plain old telephone service

EntertainmentEntertainment

InformationInformation

TransactionsTransactions

CommunicationsCommunications


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No Barriers

Overcome geographicbarriers capture remote transactions

Overcome timebarriers

7x24

Overcome costbarriers

technology cheap & pervasive

Overcome structuralbarriers

link for competitive advantage

virtual


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Business Value of

Telecommunication Networks


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Popular uses of the Internet


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Internet Adds Value to BusinessesInternet Adds Value to Businesses

Headquarters Suppliers

Remote OfficesCustomersBusiness Partners

InventoryManagement

Systems

The Internet


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Deriving Business Value

ReduceReduce

Costs ofCosts of

DoingDoing

BusinessBusiness

Develop NewDevelop New

WebWeb--BasedBased

ProductsProducts

IncreaseIncreaseCustomerCustomer

Loyalty andLoyalty and

RetentionRetention

AttractAttractNewNew

CustomersCustomers

DevelopDevelop

New MarketsNew Markets

and Channelsand Channels

GenerateGenerate

NewNew

RevenueRevenue

SourcesSources


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Open Systems

Information systems that use common standards forhardware, software, applications and networks

Internet networking technologies are a common standard

for open systems

Connectivity: Ability of networked computers to easily access &

communicate with each other and share information

Interoperability:

The ability of an open system to enable end userapplications to be accomplished using different

varieties of computer systems, software packages &

databases provided by a variety of interconnected

networks


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DigitalNetworkTechnologies

Rapid change from analog to digital network technologies

Analog: voice-oriented transmission, sound waves

Digital: discrete pulse transmission

Digital allows:

Higher transmission speed

Larger amounts of information

Greater economy

Lower error rates

Multiple forms of communications on same circuit


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The Internet

Over46 million servers (2004)

710 945 million users (2004)

No central computer systemNo governing body

No one owns it


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Internet Service Provider

ISP A company that specializes in providing

easy access to the Internet

For a monthly fee, you get software, username, password and access

ISPs are connect to one another

through network access points


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Internet2

Next generation of the Internet

High-performance network

In use at 200 universities, scientific

institutions, communications

corporations


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GEPowerSystems:GEPowerSystems: Using the InternetUsing the Internet

Creation of a Power Plant Entirely on theInternetHolding Virtual Meetings

Blueprints Exchanged and Modified in RealTime on the WebCustomers Can Watch as Turbine is Built fromAnywhere20-30% Reduction in Time to Build Turbine1-2% Increase in Turbine Output30% Increase in Sales Revenue


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An Intranet

A network inside an organization That uses Internet technologies (such as Web

browsers and servers, TCP/IP protocols,

HTML, etc.)

To provide an Internet-like environment within

the organization

For information sharing, communications,

collaboration & support of business processes Protected by security measures

Can be accessed by authorized users through

the Internet


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Extranet

Network links that use Internettechnologies

To connect the Intranet of a business

With the Intranets of its customers,suppliers or other business partners


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Telecommunications Networks components types media hardware, including those black

boxes software


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Telecommunications network

Any arrangement where a sendertransmits a message to a receiver over

a channel consisting of some type of

medium


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Components ofTelecommunicationsNetwork

TelecommunicationsSoftware

1

2 3

4

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PCs, NCs,and OtherTerminals

Computers

TelecommunicationsChannels and Media

TelecommunicationsProcessors


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Wide Area Network (WAN)

Telecommunications network that covers alarge geographic area

Source: Courtesy of Cisco Systems Inc.


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Typical Local Area Network

NetworkServer

SharedDatabase and

Software Packages

SharedPrinter

PCPC

PC PC PC

Internetwork Processor to Other Networks

Connect computers within a limited physical

area such as an office, classroom, or building


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Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

A secure network that uses the

Internet as its backbone but relies

on firewalls, encryption & othersecurity

A pipe traveling through the

Internet


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VPN


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Client/ServerNetworksFunctions of the ComputerSystemsFunctions of the ComputerSystems

Client Systems Servers

MainframeLarge Servers

Functions:Functions:

Provide userinterface, perform

some/most

processing on an

application.

Functions:Functions:

Sharedcomputation,

application

control,

distributed

databases.

Functions:Functions: Central

database control,security, directory

management,

heavy-duty

processing.


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Client-Server orNetwork ComputingWhere does the application run?

NetworkServer

Host System

Superserver

Client

User InterfaceApplication Processing

Application Control

Distributed Database

Central database control

Heavy duty processing

Server Server

NetPC

Browser-based

User Interface

Web OSApplication Software

Application

DBMS

DB


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Peer-to-peer networks

Networks that connect from one PC to

anotherPC

Common use is the downloading andtrading of files


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Peer-to-PeerNetwork


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Telecommunications Media

Twisted PairCoaxial Cable

Fiber Optics

Terrestrial

Microwave

CommunicationSatellites

Cellular

Technologies

Wireless LAN


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Wireless Technologies

Cellular and PCS telephone and pager systems Divide the geographic area into small areas or cells

Each cell has transmitter or radio relay antenna to send

message from one cell to another

Wireless LANs Radio signals within an office or building

Connect PCs to networks

Bluetooth

Short-range wireless technology To connect PC to peripherals such as printer


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Telecommunications Processors & SoftwareTelecommunications Processors & Software

ModemsMultiplexers

Internetwork

Processors Switches

Routers

Hubs

Gateways

Fire walls

NetworkOperating

System

TelecommMonitor

Middleware

NetworkManagement

Software


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ConnectingNetworks

Those black boxesThose black boxes

Hub

all messages pass thru the hub

Bridge

only needed msgs pass thru bridge

two LANS using same protocol


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ConnectingNetworks

Switch

more than 2 LANs or segments

same protocol

Router/Gateway

two LANS using any protocols

only needed messages pass thru


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Corporate Local Area Network Internet Provider

Internet Backbone Internet Provider Private Home

Modem

Typical Internet ConnectionTypical Internet Connection

Network Interface Card

NIC

NIC

HubEthernetSwitch Router

Frame

RelaySwitch Router

ATMSwitch

CoreRouter ATM

Switch

RouterFrameRelay

Switch

RemoteAccessDevice


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NetworkTopologies

Topologies orNetwork StructuresStar

Ring

BusMesh

Client/Server May Use Any

Combination


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NetworkTopologies

U

sed to be just point to point


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Network Architecture and Protocols

TCP/IPTCP/IPThe OSIThe OSIModelModel

Provides communications servicesfor end user applications

Provides appropriate datatransmission formats and codes

Supports the accomplishmentof telecommunications sessions

Supports the organization andtransfer of data between nodes inthe network

Provides appropriate routing byestablishing connections amongnetwork links

Supports error-free organizationand transmission of data in thenetwork

Provides physical transmission ofdata on the telecommunicationsmedia in the network

PhysicalLayer

Data LinkLayer

ApplicationLayer

NetworkLayer

TransportLayer

Presentation

Layer

SessionLayer

Application orProcess Layer

Host-to-Host Transport Layer

Internet Protocol (IP)

Network Interface

Physical Layer


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Comparing modem & other technologies


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Internet Telephony

Using an Internet connection to passvoice data using IP

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Skips standard long-distance phone

charges


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Voice Over IP is the Real Thing

VoIP works by Digitizing a voice signal,

Chopping it into packets &

Sending them over a companys networkor the Internet

Packets are reassembled at the destination


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Skype

http://www.skype.com/Make calls from your computer

free to other people on Skype and

cheap to landlines and cell phonesaround the world.


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telecommunication in business

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