telecommunication network the fundamental · telecommunication network taxonomy 1. from service...

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Telecommunication Network The Fundamental

Course Number : TTH2A3

CLO : 1

Week : 1


Why do we need to take this course?


List of countries by number of telephone lines in use

Rankings Country or regions Number of telephone lines

Worldwide 1.16 billion

1 China 269.910.000

2 United States 114.000.000

3 Germany 48.700.000

4 Japan 47.579.000

5 Russia 44.959.000

6 Brazil 41.497.000

7 France 36.431.000

8 United Kingdom 33.209.000

9 Iran 31.740.000

10 India 30.786.703

11 Indonesia 30.378.000

Source: Wikipedia


List of countries by number of mobile phones in use

Rankings Country or regions Number of mobile

phones Population

World 6.880.000.000 7.012.000.000

1 China 1.276.660.000 1.364.270.000

2 India 1.034.253.328 1.295.291.543

3 United States 327.577.529 317.874.628

4 Brazil 284.200.000 201.032.714

5 Russia 256.116.000 142.905.200

6 Indonesia 236.800.000 237.556.363

7 Nigeria 167.371.945 177.155.754

8 Bangladesh 131.376.000 157.497.000

9 Pakistan 132.330.000 180.854.781

10 Japan 121.246.700 127.628.095

Source: Wikipedia


List of countries by number of Internet users

Country or area Percentage Rank

Iceland 96,55% 1

Bermuda 95,30% 2

Norway 95,05% 3

Sweden 94,78% 4

Denmark 94,63% 5

Andorra 94,00% 6

Netherlands 93,96% 7

Liechtenstein 93,80% 8

Luxembourg 93,78% 9

Finland 91,51% 10

Indonesia 20,4% 143

Source: Wikipedia

Country or area

Internet users

Rank Percentage Rank

China 721.434.547 1 52,2% 82

India 462.124.989 2 34,8% 126

United States

286.942.362 3 88,22% 15

Brazil 120.111.118 4 60,1% 67

Japan 115.111.595 5 89,8% 13

Russia 102.258.256 6 71,3% 46

Nigeria 86.219.965 7 46,1% 95

Germany 71.016.244 8 88% 16

Bangladesh 63.354.000 9 39,20% 112

Mexico 62.954.584 10 50,84% 85

United Kingdom

54.027.428 11 81,92% 27

Indonesia 53.236.719 12 20,4% 143


Indonesia Internet User Profile

56 – 65 y.o.

46 – 55 y.o.

36 – 45 y.o.

26 – 35 y.o.

18 – 25 y.o.

Source: APJII Survey 2014

SMARTPHONE


Why do we need to take this course?

Because everything goes toward The Internet, and it starts with what you will learn in this course, like 5G, FTTH, Radio, etc.


What is Telecommunication?

• IEEE Standard Dictionary defines telecommunication as a signal transmission through specific distance. example: telegraph, radio or television.

• From etymology: – Tele = at a distance – Communication = information exchange (voice, data, video)

Telecommunication: sending information from one point to another through a specific media (cable, optic, radio)


Elements of telecommunication

Telecommunication consists of 3 elements:

1. Source (Transmitter)

2. Medium

3. Destination (Receiver)

medium medium


Telecommunication Network Taxonomy

1. From service type point of view:

• Voice

– Fixed: PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) / ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

– Mobile (wireless access): PLMN (Public land mobile network)

• Data (text, image): Internet (LAN, WAN)

• Value Added Service: IN (universal access number, premium rate service, freephone, credit call)

• Entertainment: CATV / HFC (hybrid fiber-coax)



2. From hierarchy (area level) point of view:

• Access

• Backbone (Core + Edge)



2. From transfer mode point of view:

• Circuit switch

• Packet switch – Datagram

– Virtual circuit

• Message switch

3. From network element point of view

• Terminal

• Access Network

• Switch (node)

• Transmission



4. From network planning point of view:

• Numbering

• Signaling

• Routing

• Transmission

• Charging

• Security



5. From direction way point of view:

• Simplex: one way (uni-directional), ex. radio, TV

• Half Duplex: two way (bi-directional) un-simultaneously, ex. CB radio

• Full Duplex: two way (bi-directional simultaneously, ex. telephone

6. From type of current point of view:

• Direct Current: Morse Code

• Alternating Current: (all type of medium can transmit this type of current) radio, cable, fiber optic


Basic Concept of Telecommunication

Transducer: type of device that can transform energy from one form to another, for example:

• Microphone: transform voice into electric wave

• Loudspeaker: transform electric wave into voice


Why do we need to push the boundaries of telecommunication?

Because: • Distance of the two points of telecommunication become farther

• Energy consumption for transmission become less abundant

• Everyone wants to be connected anytime anywhere anyway

• Everyone wants better service

In telecommunication research we need to emphasize on: • How do we represent information?

• How do we sent information?

• How do we restore information?


History of telecommunication network

1837: Samuel Morse exhibited a working telegraph system

1876: Alexander Graham Bell, invented the first telephone

1951: first direct long distance dialing

1962: first international satellite telephone call

1980: public service of digital networks

1983: 1G (AMPS), analog mobile phone

1991: 2G (GSM), cellular telephones has become common

1998: 3G

2008: 4G

Trend:

1. from wired to wireless,

2. from analog to digital,

3. from voice to data


Telecommunication Categories and Development


Analog and Digital

Time (X-Axis)

Continuous Discrete

Amplitude (Y-Axis)

Continuous

Discrete


Telephony Milestones

1878: PSTN (Public Switches Telephone Network) installed at New Haven and San Francisco

Switch

without Switch with Switch


without Multiplexing

Telephony Milestones

1937: Multiplexing was introduced for telecommunication between cities

One link carries many telecommunication

with Multiplexing


Elements of telecommunication

Telecommunication consists of 3 elements:

1. Source (Transmitter)

2. Medium (Communication Network)

– Transmission System

• Transmission Media

• Modulation

• Multiplexing

– Switching

– Signaling

3. Destination (Receiver)

medium medium


Communication Network

Transmission System:

• Medium: analog microwave, digital microwave, fiber optic, coaxial cable, copper, terrestrial, and satellite

• Modulation: AM, FM, BPSK, QAM, PSK, FSK, QPSK

• Multiplexing: FDM, TDM (PDH dan SDH)

Switching

• analog exchange, digital exchange

Signaling

• R2, CCS7


See you on next class

telecommunication network the fundamental · telecommunication network taxonomy 1. from service...

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