GROUP MEMBERS

MUHAMMAD IQBAL B.AHMAD ZAMAN HURI DE110040NOR FARAHIN BT DOL RISEP DE110086

NOR NABILA HUDA BT MD ZAKARIA DE110094WAN NUR SHAMIRA BT WAN SEMAN DE110110NOR HIRMAYANTI BT MOHD DAUD DE110123

ARIFAH BT ADNAN DE110123

What is Teleconsultation?❏ It is the one of electronic communications to provide medical

expertise or treatment to areas where the expertise is not readily available.

❏ There are two type of teleconsultation:

❖ In real-time (synchronous)

❖ Delayed (asynchronous or store and forward).

In real time (Synchronous)❏ Real time teleconsultation uses advanced telecommunication

technology to exchange information and involves the use of

audiovisual technology allowing individuals to communicate

live (or synchronously) over a video conference link.

❏ Real time services require, at a minimum, video cameras, a

sound system, computer displays, and a secure high speed

internet connection to transmit data between sites

In real time (Synchronous)❏ Real time teleconsultation encompasses computer

technologies using narrow and high bandwidths for specific

types of transmission, full motion video, broadcast video,

compressed video and virtual reality.

❏ Real-time services rely on the availability of dedicated video

conferencing facilities, which generally are restricted to

institutions.

Example of Real-Time Interaction: Tele-Psychiatry

❏ A patient is in the video conferencing room of a rural

community telehealth site.

❏ At the same time the patient’s psychiatrist is in the video

conferencing room at the specialist centre for psychiatry.

❏ Live interactive consultation takes place between the patient

and the psychiatrist.

Delay (Asynchronous )

❏ Technology can be any device capable of capturing a digital

sample, storing it, downloading it, and transmitting it to a

remote site. Equipment used includes computers and laptops,

computer files, scanners, digital cameras, iPods, audio files,

or text files of a patient’s medical history. The internet

provides the ability to transmit large files securely, quickly,

and inexpensively to almost any location.

❏ Asynchronous teleconsultation has led to shorter wait times,

fewer unnecessary referrals, higher levels of patient care, and

patient and provider satisfaction in remote areas that lack health

care professionals (Deshpande et al., 2008).

Example of Store & Forward Interaction: Tele-Radiology

❏ In a rural community telehealth site, a patient’s x-ray is taken,

scanned and captured as an electronic file.

❏ The file, and any accompanying medical notes, is sent

electronically to the physician in the tertiary care telehealth

site.

❏ The radiologist in the tertiary care site opens the file, reviews

the x-ray and notes in order to confirm and/or determine a

diagnosis.

❏ The file and accompanying notes are then returned to the

rural telehealth site.

❏ The patient is informed of diagnosis without having to meet

the radiologist.

While Real Time and Store & Forward can be used separately, they can also be used in conjunction with one another to further enhance the care provided

Teleconsultation in Radiation Medicine

Consultations between the Health Sciences Centre of theUniversity of Ulm, Germany and Urals Research Centre for Radiation Medicine,Chelyabinsk, Russia

REMPAN❏ Installation and regular use of telemedical consultations via

satellite between Ulm and Chelyabinsk based on multimedia patient records

❏ Improvement of medical care of persons with health effects after chronic radiation exposure

❏ Standardisation of diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

Figure 1: The satellite communication system

MMDB❏ The multimedia medical database(MMDB) has been used for

medical teleconferences.

❏ The MMDB was created to achieve the following purposes:❏ Preparation and systematization of complete data on

patients❏ Preview of information by experts on each side before

teleconference❏ Simultaneous review of information in the MMDB during

videoconferences❏ Subsequent scientific analysis of clinical data

Software and Hardware❏Software:A multimedia medical

database was developed using the relational database management system(RDBMS)Oracle 8.0 software package for Window NT 4 operational system.

❏Hardware: Pentium II-266 PC; Pentium-90 Pro PC; Video Controller and an X-ray RSU-1 scanner

Teleconsultation in Malaysia

❏ It was initiated in 2009 under the auspices of Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor Telemedicine Flagship Application and the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.

❏ A network of nationwide Teleconsultation (TC) was created for the Disciplines of:

1. Neurosurgery,

2. Radiology,

3. Cardiology

4. Dermatology.

Telecardiology❏ Telecardiology facilitates the remote follow up of patients who carry

a pacemaker. The device sends a flow of information to an internet server through the GSM network.

❏ This information relates to both the good functioning of the device and the state of the patient’s heart.

Telecardiology network

Teledermatology❏ Teledermatology is a subspecialty in the medical field of

dermatology and probably one of the most common applications of telemedicine and e-health.

❏ In teledermatology, telecommunication technologies are used to exchange medical information

(concerning skin conditions and tumours

of the skin) over a distance using audio,

visual and data communication.

TeleDermatology Network

Teleradiology❏ Teleradiology is the transmission of radiological patient

images, such as x-rays, CTs, and MRIs, from one location to another for the purposes of sharing studies with other radiologists and physicians.

TeleRadiology Network

Hospital Locations and Disciplines

Hardware

Strategic For Future

❏Upgrading of the Infrastructure❏ Increasing the connectivity speed❏Upgrading the software❏Device upgrading

Table 1 :Strategic for future