teletype teletypewriter telemeter - duke university

EVANS gS2tf CODEfor

TELEGRAPHYTELETYPE

TELETYPEWRITER

TELEMETER

STENOGRAPHYSTENOTYPY

BRAILLE WRITING

ALPHABETIC SHORTHAND

'She

EVANS US& CODE

^he

EVANS !nag^ CODE

cASYSTEM of abbreviation of the English language, -with a

vocabulary of all the basic and most frequently used words

and phrase 6, employing the well-known Phillips code method

of abbreviation. For telegraphy (wire and radio), teletype,

teletypewriter, telemeter, stenography, stenotypy, alphabetic

shorthand and informal note-taking, Braille writing, and all

other uses that require the rapid, accurate and economical

writing and transmission of English plain text.

By

JOHN EVANS

First (Manuscript) Edition

JOHN * CLARENCE EVANS

Publishers55 E. Washington Street Chioago 2, Illinois, U.S.A.

COPYRIGHT, 1947, BY JOHN EVANS

All rights in thie work are reserved,

including those extended by the British

Order in Counoil, entitled the Copyright

(United States of America) Order, 1942.

Printed in the United States of Amerioa

INTRODUCTION

C?r? HIS list of 3,848 standard English^"word and phrase abbreviations is theproduct of the scientific classifica-tion and analysis of more than twenty-

million words of book, magazine, news-paper, business correspondence and tel-egraphic communication text, over aperiod of several years, by a group ofprofessionally qualified authorities.

Besides the 1,760 root forms of thePhillips code, and nearly 2,000 newwords and phrases, this Code will befound to contain automatically all thenontechnical basic English words, aswell as all the words, up to at leastthe first 1,000, in eaoh of the severalhigh-frequenoy lists compiled by Ayres,Dearborn, Dewey, Thorndyke and Lorge,and others. (See Bibliography, below.)

A few 3- and 4-letter words of highfrequency that do not admit of logicalabbreviation have been included, bothfor completeness and to show that theseshort words are not used as code formsfor longer ones. In general (with lessthan twenty easily distinguished excep-tions), no code form in this list rep-resents more than one word or phrase.

A unique feature of this Code is thetable of 100 most frequently used suf-fixes or word-endings, represented by37 standard Code abbreviations (pagesviii-ix). By means of these obvious andeasily remembered forms almost any de-rivative in the English language can besubstantially shortened, as shown inthe Examples, page vi.

The author of this Code claims nooriginality in the method of abbrevia-tion employed. It is the method of thewell-known Phillips oode, introduced in1879 by Walter Polk Phillips, of Massa-chusetts (1846-1920), expert telegraph-er, brilliant journalist, and able ad-ministrator, who later became generalmanager of United Press. For more thansixty years a working knowledge of"Phillips" has been an important qual-ification of all competent commercialtelegraphers.

However, it is believed that throughthe introduction of the Key to Suffixesand the vast broadening of the list to

enoompass all the basic and most fre-quently used words in English, the sys-tem no longer need be restricted tothe transmission of "press" matter onlybecause of its limited and specializedvooabulary, but is made of universalusefulness in the rapid, accurate, andeconomical handling of all manner ofpersonal and business correspondence bykeyboard or other means of transmis-sion, as well as in rapid writing, in-formal or alphabetic shorthand, andnote-taking, by hand or by machine.

Telegraph and wireless operators andothers who now use "Phillips" regularlywill find muoh that is new and useful,nothing that is strange, in the presentenlargement. For beginners in the fieldof communication the mastery of thisCode is almost a neoessity. Workers inall lines of business, and in the pro-fessions, will find it an easy, fasoi-nating, useful and profitable accom-plishment, of lifetime value.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Leonard P. Ayres, A Measuring Scalefor Ability in Spelling, New York, TheRussell Sage Foundation, 1915.

Godfrey Dewey, Relativ Frequenoy ofEnglish Speech Sounds, Cambridge, Mass.Harvard University Press, 1923.

C. K. Ogden, Basio English Word ListLondon, England: W. W. Norton & CompanyNew York, 1929.

Emma B. Dearborn, Speedwriting, TheNatural Shorthand, School of Speedwrit-ing, New York, 1937.

Edward R. Thorndyke and Irving LorgeThe Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 WordsNew York, Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity, 1944.

W. G. Gerlaoh, The Phillips Code,Telegraph 4 Telephone Age, New York,1945.

John C. Evans, Scientific SpeedShorthand, Zanesville, Ohio: Barnes ANoble, New York, 1946.

EXAMPLES OF THE CODE IN USE

WASHINGTON— (UP)—PRESIDENT TRUMAN

RELEASED PART OF THE GOVERNMENT'S EX-

TRAORDINARY WARTIME POWERS TODAY BY

DECLARING THE PERIOD OF HOSTILITIES

ENDED AT NOON. HIS ACTION WIPED OFF

THE STATUTE BOOKS IMMEDIATELY TWENTY

EMERGENCY LAWS AND SET THIRTY-THREE

OTHERS FOR AUTOMATIC END SIX MONTHS

FROM NOW, OR LATER. ENDING AT ONCE

WAS THE GOVERNMENT'S POWER TO SEIZE

PRIVATELY-OWNED PLANTS AND MINES, IN-

VOKED OFTEN DURING WARTIME LABOR DIS-

PUTES. IN SIX MONTHS—UNLESS CONGRESS

INTERVENES WITH NEW LAWS—THE GOVERN-

MENT MUST TURN BACK TO THE PRIVATE

OWNERS THE COAL MINES IT NOW HOLDS.

AFTER THAT DATE A SERIES OF EMERGENCY

TAXES WILL DROP; AMONG THESE ARE EX-

CISE LEVIES ON LIQUORS, FURS, JEWELRY

AND OTHER LUXURIES. THE LIQUOR TAX

WILL DROP FROM $9 TO $6 THE PROOF* ••

WSHDC UP PRT TRUM RLSD PART F GOVMS

XOY WARTI PWS TDY BY DCLG T PED

HOYS ENDD AT NOO. HS ACTN WIPD OF T

STATUT BUKS IMTY 20 EMJY LWS 4 SET 33

OTRS FO AUMC END 6 MOS FM NW, OR LTER.

ENDG AO WS T GOVMS PW TO SZ PVTY HX

OND FLNTS 4 MINES, IVKD OFN DUR WARTI

LAB DISPUTS. IN 6 MOS DX UNL CGS ITVS

W NU LWS DX T GOVM MUST TUR BAK TO T

PVT ONRS T COAL MINES IT NW HOS. AF

TT DAT A SERIES EMJY TAXS WI DRP SI

AMG TZ R EXCISE LEVIES ON LQRS, FURS,

JWY 4 OTR LUXS. T LQR TAX WI DRP FM

SX9 TO SX6 T PRUF***

SAVING: 35.7%

FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR

FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTI-

NENT A NEW NATION, CONCEIVED IN LIBER-

TY, AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION

THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL. NOW

WE ARE ENGAGED IN A GREAT CIVIL WAR,

TESTING WHETHER THAT NATION, OR ANY

NATION SO CONCEIVED AND SO DEDICATED,

CAN LONG ENDURE. WE ARE MET ON A GREAT

BATTLEFIELD OF THAT WAR. WE HAVE COME

TO DEDICATE A PORTION OF THAT FIELD,

AS A FINAL RESTING PLACE FOR THOSE WHO

HERE GAVE THEIR LIVES THAT THAT NATION

MIGHT LIVE. IT IS ALTOGETHER FITTING

AND PROPER THAT WS SHOULD DO THIS. BUT,

IN A LARGER SENSE, WE CANNOT DEDICATE—WE CANNOT CONSECRATE—WE CANNOT HAL-

LOW—THIS GROUND. THB BRAVE MEN, LIV-

ING AND DEAD, WHO STRUGGLED HERE, HAVBCONSECRATED IT, FAR ABOVE OUR POORPOWER TO ADD OR DETRACT. THE WORLD***

4SK0 4 7 YRS AGO OU FRS BROT FH ON

TS KNT A NU NAT. CONCEIVD IN LIB *

DEDICTD TO T PPON TT L MEN R CREATD

EQL. NW WE R EGAD IN A GT CVL WAR,

TESTG WTR TT NAT, OR AY NAT SO CON-

CEIVD 4 SO DEDICTD, CN LG ENDD. WE R

MET ON A GT BTLFLD TT WAR. WE HV CM

TO DEDICT A PORN TT FLD, AS A FNL

RSTG PLC FO TH WO HR GA THR LIVS TT

TT NAT MIT LIV. IX ATGR FITG 4 PRP TT

WB SD DO TS. BT, IN A LRGR SNS, WE

CNN DEDICT DX WB CNN CONSECRT DX WE

CNN HALLOW DX TS GR. T BRV MEN, LI7G

4 DSD, WO STRUGLD HR HV CONSECRTD IT,

FAR ABV OU POR PW TO AD OR DTR. T WLD

SAVING: 28.6%

vi

CONTENTS

Introduction t

Examples of the Coda in Use ri

Standard Suffixes (in Code) viii

Standard Suffixes (in Plain Text) ix

TEE EVANS Basic English CODE 1

One-Letter Forms (Extracted) 45

Two-Letter Forms (Extraoted) 46

Two-Letter Combinations Not Used ...... 63

Memoranda 54

The Code in Plain Text 55

Months and Days 96

Ptmotuation and Signs 96

Nations—Nationalities—Geographic 96

Cities of the World 98

CANADA. Provinoes—Territories—Cities ... 98

U.S.A. States—Territories—Cities .... 99

ii

KEY TO SUFFIXES

37 STANDARD CODE WORD ENDINGS REPRESENTING THE 100 MOST FREQUENTLY USED SUFFIXES

Appropriate Code suffixes may be added to any ofthe root abbreTiations whenever required to formderivatives that do not appear in the Code list.

CODE CODEQV -ABILITY -IBILITYD Y -ABLY -IBLY

100 SUFFIXES (in alphabetic order) REPRESENTED BY 37 STANDARD CODE ABBREVIATIONS

ABILITY

ABLE

ABLY

ACTION

ACTORY

ACY

AGE

AL

ALLY

AN

ANCE

ANCY

ANT

ARY

ATE

ATIC

ATION

ATIVE

ATIZE

ATORY

BLE

CATION N

BY

L

BY

N

RY

CY

J

L

LY

N

C

CY

T

RY

T

C

N

V

TZ

RY

ED D

EE E

EER R

EN

T> r. Godfrey Dewey hae shown that nine word*—the, of, and, to,

a, in, that, it, is—make up more than 23% of ordinary English

apeeoh and writing. Other studies indicate that the 100 most

frequently used words constitute 60%, and that a list of less

than 600 words oorers nearly 90% of all nonteohnloal material.

Beginners should start immediately using the 26 one-letter

forms on page 45, together with the oharaeter 4. Next, the

575 two-letter forms beginning on page 46 should be systemat-

ically studied and put to use, combining them, as may be

required, with the standard word-endings shown on page Tiii.

No speoial effort need be made to memorise the 37 suffixes or

word-endings; they will be pioked up automatically.

NOTE: The second section of this book, starting on

page 55, oontaine the COMPLETE CODE IN PLAIN TEXT.

EVANS BASICENGLISH CODE

TS LST CSIS LRJY ROO TODS. SM DERIWS HVB ICUD, EHTO IL T PE ADG KOD SUFIXS, (C PGE viii), OR BC TY

VAR FM T UL FRM: C ABU—ABUC. * FNL LTRS PLN-TEXTTODS, SH AS E, T, & Y, R DR6DD IN ADG KOD SUFIXS, E.G.,

ABBREVIATE—ABB; ABBREVIATION—ABBN; ACCOMPANY—ACMP;ACCOMPANYING—ACMPG. * ARABC NUMERLS R TON & SNT AS SH,

NT SPELD OUT: 1, 2, 3. * ORMNL NUMS ABV THIRD R FRMDBY ADG D OR H TO T ARABC FGR: 4H, 23D. (Saving: 38. 5#)

ADVJ - ALW

ADVJ

ALX - ASI

ALX

ASIA - BAB

ASIA

BLA - BSH

BLA

CMF

CDY

10

CRL

DNCN - DVT 12

DNCN

13

DVU

ENGR - FAT 14

ENGR

FNZ - GD 16

FNZ

HAlfR - HTE 18

HAym

ILX - ITT 20

ILX

K - KQT 22

KK

LIT - UEDL 24

LIY

MRD - NGL 26

MRD

31

PRFT

Q - REM 32

RPZ - SCAR 34

RPZ

SIP - SOVN 56

SIP

TBH38

STOD

39

TBL

TNY - TXS 40

thy

41

TY

USSR - WAH 42

USSR

WQ - XUN

45 XUV - ZY ONE-LETTER FORMS

XUV

TWO-LETTER FORKS (EXTRACTED)

AA

51 RQ - VS TWO-LETTER FORMS

RQ

TWO-LETTER COMBINATIONS NOT USED

Available for assignment as prearranged signals for words not in the Code.

*Use of the combinations marked with an asterisk is not recommended.

EE* NY* VB YK

EI* OA VD YM

EO* OE* VE YN

EW 00* VH YP

HE* OX VI YQ

HY OY VJ YS

II* QD VM YU

IY* QF VQ YV

JC QG W Yff

JD QH VW YX

JH QI VZ YY

JI QL XA YZ

JJ QV XE ZB

JM RS XF ZC

JQ RW XI ZE*

JV SE* XQ ZF

JX SY XV ZH

JZ UA XW ZJ

KA UB XZ ZP

KH UC YB ZQ

LH UE YC ZT

LI UH YE* ZU

LM UI YF ZV

LZ UO YH ZW

NL UW YI* ZX

NQ UY YJ ZZ

53

1.ELXRANDA £i

EVANS !nag^

ch CODE PLAIN TEXT

AA

ADVOCATE -

57 AMPLIFY - ASSIST

AMPLIFY

ASSOCIATE -

BLIND - BUY

61 BUYER - CHEESE

BUYER

CHEMICAL - COMMON 62

CHEMICAL

63 COMMONWEALTH - CONTINENT

COMMONWEALTH

CONTINUE - CURVE 64

CONTINUE

65 CUSHION - DEPARTMENT OF STATE

CUSHION

DEPEND - DOCUMENT 66

DEPEND

EMBODY - EXCLUDE 68

EMBODY

FENCE - FRAUDULENT 70

FENCE

GRATEFUL - HERSELF 72

GRATEFUL

73 HESITATE - IN CONCLUSION

HESITATE

IN CONNECTION -

75 INTELLIGENT - JUDGE ADVOCATE

INTELLIGENT

JUDGE ADVOCATE

MARVEL - MOST

79

.MOSTLY

NOTWITHSTANDING - OTHER80

NOTWITH-STANDING

81 OTHERWISE - PERSONNEL

OTHERWISE

PETITION - PREJUDICE 82

PETITION

PSYCHIATRIST -

RETRIEVE - SECOND 86

RETRIEVE

87 SECRET - SIDE

SECRET

SECBET SERVICE

SECRETARY

SECRETARY OFAGRICULTURE

SECRETARY OFCOMMERCE

SECRETARY OFLABOR

SECRETARY OFTHE INTERIOR

SECRETARY OFTHB HAVY

SECRETARY OFTHE TREASURY

SECRETARY OFSTATE

SECRETARY OFWAR

SECTION

SECURE

SECURITIES

SEDUCE

SEE

SEED

SEEING

SEEK

SEEM

SEEN

SEIZE

SELECT

SELF

SELFISH

SELL

SECR

SSYC

SET

SOA

SCO \

SOL

SFI

SNTY

SFT

SOS

SOW

ZCN

ZS

ZHZ

SDU

C

SEED

CO

ZK

ZH

ZN

sz

SLC

SLF

SLH

SBL

SENATE

SENATE BILL

SENATECOMMITTEE

SEND

SENIOR

SENSATION

SENSE

SENT

SENTENCE

SENTIMENT

SEPARATE

SERGEANT (AMN)

SERIOUS

SERJEANT (BRH)

SERVE

SERVICE

SESSION

SET

SETTLE

SEVERAL

SEVERE

SEX

SHADE

SHAKE

SHALL

SHAME

SHAPE

SHARE

SHARP

SHE

SA

SAB

SAC

SND

SR

SXN

SNS

SNT

STC

SNM

SQ

SGT

SRX

SJT

SV

SVC

SSN

SET

SXL

SVL

SVR

SEX

SHD

SHE

SHL

SHM

SHP

SHE

SEP

SHE

SHED

SIGHT - SPIRIT 88

SIGHT

39 SPOKE - SUFFER

SPOKE

SUFFICIENT - TERRIFY 90

SUFFICIENT

91

TERRITORY

TOMORROW NIGHT

VICINITY - WH

TOU'RB - XOOLOGT MOETHS - DATS - PUICTCATIOI - GEOGRAPHIC 96

TOU'RB URS

TOURSELP URP

TOURSBLTES UEVS

ZEAL XL

BH 10

ZIJC ZI

ZOOLOGT ZOO

10IT1S

DATSSUIDAT 8DT

MOIDAT MM

TUBSDAT TUT

iranmiT wda

THURSDAT THD

pridai pri

saturdat satt

PUICTUATIOI * SIOIS

AMPBRSAJTD 4 BS

APOSTROPHE ' QZ

CAPITAL LETTER CI

CEIT sin « CT

COLOI 10

COLOl DASH «- HCOLOI QUOTE :" IQ

COMMA AA

DASH — DZ

DCLLAE Slffl $ SZ

KID OP WOU SO

SXCLAMATIOI POUT MI

HTPHEI - HX

OT CODE 15

PARAGRAPH T6

PA20THBSIS BBGDTS PI

PAEBITHESIS BIDS PT

PERCEIT % 080

PERIOD UD

POUID 8TERLI1G LZ

qmSTICI MAKX T DI

QUOTAIIOI EEOHS QI

QUOTATIOI BIDS QJ

8EMICCL0I ) 81

SBPARATRIZ / 8

S0LIDU8—THOXJLI

SHI 1.1 .TIG SIQI / UT

SMALL LETTER 16

UIDBESCCRB BSOIBS HZ

uidbrscorb bids uj

EATIOIS—EATIOIALITUSGEOGRAPHIC DIYISIOIS

APRICA API

APRICAI APO

AMERICA AMA

AWgBTP-ATi AMI

AHGXJTHA ARGA

ABOSITIIB ARGE

AHCSFTIHAI ARGE

ASIA ASIA

ASIATIC ASIAC

ATLAITIC (OCEAI) AIL

AUSTRALIA AUS

AUSTRALIAI AUSI

AUSTRIA AUR

AUSTRIA! AUI

BELGIAI BGAI

BELGIUM BOH

BRAZIL (U.8. OP) BZL

BRAZILIAI BZLI

BBTTATI BRII

BRITISH BRH

BRITISH EMPIRE BRSS

BRITISHER

BRITOI

CAIADA CDA

CA1ADIAI CIS

CHILE CHL

CHILBAI CHLI

CHUA CHA

CEHB8B BH

97 CUBA - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

.CUBA

CITIES (WORLD) - CANADA

CITIES (WORLD) CANADA

99 U. S. A. STATES AND TERRITORIES ALABAMA - WYOMING

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

STATES AND TERRITORIES

(Add the letter N, R, orT, as shown after eaoh ab-breviation, to indicate anative or resident of thestate or territory.)

ALABAMA

D. S. A. TERRITORIES CITIES 100

TERRITORIES

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