Temperate Deciduous Forest:

By:

Corey Fylnn, Nicki Gustafson, Jordan Link, Peter Mayer, Ricky Snow

Location:

• Most of the Eastern United States with parts of southern Ontario.– Farthest North- Southern Ontario and Quebec– Eastern- Atlantic Coast– Southern- Gulf Coast– Western- Midwestern Plains of the United States

Climate:

• Range:– -22 - 109 Degrees Fahrenheit

• Average Temperature– 53 Degrees Fahrenheit

• Seasons:– Wet Season- Autumn and Spring

• 20 - 40 inches of precipitation

– Dry Season- Summer and Winter• 10 - 20 inches of precipitation

– Average Precipitation:• 30 - 60 inches of precipitation.

Plants:

• Tree Stratums:– Beach Maple– Chestnut– Hickory– Elm– Sweet gum– Burch– Oak– Magnolia

• 60-100 feet tall

• Shrubs:– Huckleberries– Mountain Laurel– Ferns

• Herb Zone:– Oxlip– Bluebells– Painted Trilliums

• Ground Zone:– Likens– Club Moss– True Mosses

Forest Strata

Plant Adaptations:

• During Winter Months: – As winter arrives, the photo-period decreases and becomes

detrimental for plants to continue photosynthesizing. To avoid losing water through the stomata, and absorbs magnesium they lose their leaves to survive.

• All Months– Plants position toward light

• Phototrophic

• Trees:– Thin broad light-weight leaves– Have Thick Ridged Bark to protect against winter

• Wildflowers:– Trees in forest create a canopy once their leaves return in the

spring, so wildflowers sprout up quicker and earlier before the canopy cover them.

Animals:

• Primary Consumers:– Fat Door Mouse– Grey Squirrel– White Tail Deer– Eastern Chipmunk– Song Birds

• Secondary– Least Weasel – American Black Bears– Birds of Prey

• Amphibians:– Frogs – Salamanders

• Tertiary:– American Bald Eagle– Hawks

Animal Adaptations:

• Hibernation– Larger mammals sleep

during winter, saving energy.

– Eating an abundant amounts of food, storing fat, keeping warm.

• Migration– Birds move south during

winter to warmer climates

• Camouflage– Animals protect themselves

from predators.

• Freeze Tolerance– Release starch from liver,

surround cells, water defuses from the cell into the cytoplasm. No water inside of the cell, so deflates water freezes outside of the cell, preventing being stabbed from the cell. Frogs and other amphibians.

• Food Cache– Squirrels store nuts during

winter.

Threats:

• Deforestation.– Humans cutting trees down, for the use of the

forest• Houses• Lumber• Agriculture

• Ash Trees– Threatened by a plague of beetles.

• Emerald Ash Borer