temperate fruit and vegetable juice crops media/windows_… · for juice/ sauce production! staked...
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Temperate Fruit and Vegetable Juice Crops
Apple, Cranberry and Tomato
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Apple - the main
temperate fruit juice
crop
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Originally from the Afghanistan region the apple is grown around the word from South Africa to China to Germany to Mexico to Argentina.
‘Delicious’ the leading variety was found as seedling under a ‘Bellflower’ apple tree in Iowa in 1870.
‘Red and Yellow Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’ are varieties grown around the world. Today farmers and nurseries still look for mutations on their trees.
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Apples are grown on grafted trees not apple seedlings to preserve the fruit and tree characteristics.
Scion is top, rootstock is bottom.
Rootstocks used to dwarf and/or provide resistance to biological (pest, disease) and physical (drought, cold) stress.
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Pruning is essential to maintain size and rejuvenate.
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Harvesting is by hand from ground for young and dwarfed trees and on ladders for standard trees.
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Traditional apple press
Modern cider bottling
Cloudy cider
Sparking cider Filtering the juice
Clear apple juice Fermenting apple & fruit
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World Production of Apple
• World production 2009, 72M mt • China 32 M mt • US 4.5 M mt ($2B Washington, NY, Michigan ) • Turkey 2.8 M mt • Poland 2.6 M mt
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Cranberry - American fruit
Woody, 20-30 cm tall, need acid soil
Propagate from cuttings or tissue culture.
Pollination by bees
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Harvesting
Hand rake and Self-propelled rakes after drained
Machine harvesting
Remove fruit from plant
Corral fruit with booms
Pick up fruit with conveyor bucket or suction.
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World Production of Cranberry
• World 2009 400,000 mt • US 312,000 mt ($260M) • Canada 87,000 mt • Belarus 5,000 mt
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Tomato- South America’s gift Perennial herb Bush (determinate) or vine (indeterminate) flowering
Plant seed or cuttings for transplants
Single vs. 3 person transplanter
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Production methods
Staked field for fresh fruit
Unstaked field for mechanical harvest for juice/ sauce production
Staked greenhouse hydroponic for fresh
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Harvesting
Ripe fruit for juice/ sauce
Color break fruit for fresh being sorted
Mechanical tomato harvester, once over harvest based upon determinate bush type
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World Production of Tomato
• World Production 2009 153 M mt • China 45 M mt • US 14 M mt ($5.2B) • India 11 M mt