temperature and precipitation in arctic alaska a graphical library for 43 communities, 1979–2013...
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Temperature and precipitation in Arctic AlaskaA graphical library for 43 communities, 1979–2013
Contribution to the Sustainable Futures North (SFN) project, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation
Lawrence Hamilton ([email protected])
Richard LammersStanley GliddenKei Saito
University of New HampshireJune 2014
Sustainable Futures North (SFN):Water, energy and food security in the North
• The SFN project explores possible synergies among the goals of food, water and energy security, as well as resource development in the North American Arctic.
• Combines integrated regional assessments of water, food, and energy systems in 3 regions: Bristol Bay and Kotzebue Sound (Alaska) and Baffin Island (Canada), which face challenges related to climate change, socioeconomic change, and industrial development.
• Research methods in the project’s interdisciplinary toolkit include key informant interviews, integration and analysis of secondary data, climate change downscaling, engineering best practice and gap analysis, and rural-urban network analysis.
• Findings of this research will inform a collaborative education and outreach program designed to build capacity through workforce development, STEM internships, and post-secondary curricula and programs in environmental management and engineering.
• This collaborative effort is directed by Philip Loring (lead, University of Alaska Fairbanks), Henry Huntington (Huntington Consulting), Lawrence Hamilton (University of New Hampshire) and Shari Gearheard (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences).
• Researchers will travel to communities in the study regions of Bristol Bay and Kotzebue Sound in Alaska, and Baffin Island in Canada, to conduct interviews with key personnel in the communities.
• Additional activities include mediated modeling, integrated analysis of socioeconomic and biophysical data, engineering best practice and gap analysis, and rural-urban network analysis.
• Arctic Science, Education and Engineering for Sustainability (ArcSEES) project, supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (PLR-1263650) 2013–2016.
Population and vital statistics data• Annual mid-year estimates of community population were obtained from the U.S. Census or, between
Census years, the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development. The Department of Labor and Workforce Development estimates population using administrative data, notably Permanent Fund Dividend applications — a unique resource permitting what the U.S. Census Bureau has judged to be the most accurate yearly estimates of any U.S. state (Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development 2008).
• Counts of births and deaths in each fiscal year are provided by the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics. Fiscal year 2013, for example, counts births and deaths from July 1 2012 through June 31 2013. This corresponds approximately to the time frame of population counts as well.
• Net migration each year is estimated from the difference between this year’s population, and last year’s population adjusted for births and deaths. More details and discussion of these data and the graphical approach can be found in the following papers:
• Hamilton, L.C. and A.M. Mitiguy. 2009. “Visualizing population dynamics of Alaska’s Arctic communities.” Arctic 62(4):393–398.
• Hamilton, L.C., D.M. White, R.B. Lammers and G. Myerchin. 2012. “Population, climate and electricity use in the Arctic: Integrated analysis of Alaska community data.” Population and Environment 33(4):269–283. doi: 10.1007/s11111-011-0145-1
• Hamilton, L.C. “Climate and demographic change in Arctic Alaska.” 2012. Pp. 147–156 in K.G. Hansen, R.O. Rasmussen and R. Weber (eds.), Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic. Stockholm, Sweden: Nordregio.
Temperature and precipitation data
• Sampling MERRA climate data for Alaskan communities
• NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) climate reanalysis product (Rienecker et al., 2011) generated by the GMAO office was used to produce temperature and precipitation inputs for each of the n = 51 Alaskan communities. The MERRA products were created using version 5.2.0 of the Goddard Earth Observing System model (GEOS-5 DAS) with a spatial resolution of ½ x 2/3 of a degree over the temporal range from 1979 to present and a 6-hour time step. The temperature and precipitation data were aggregated to monthly time steps and latitude and longitude coordinates for each community were used to extract the climate time series with nearest neighbor sampling.
• Rienecker, Michele M., and Coauthors (2011) MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. Journal of Climate, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
• The central web address for the MERRA products is http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/merra/.
Bethel Census Area
• Aniak• Bethel• Tuluksak
-20
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
2T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
12
14
16
18
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
50
60
70
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Aniak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
2T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Bethel, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
2T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
12
14
16
18
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Tuluksak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
Dillingham Census Area
• Aleknagik• Dillingham• Manokotak• New Stuyahok• Togiak
-20
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
50
100
150
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
12
13
14
15
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
60
80
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
50
100
150
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Aleknagik, Dillingham Census Area (1979–2013)
-15
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-20
24
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
02
46
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Dillingham, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-15
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
60
80
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
11
12
13
14
15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
60
80
100
120
140
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
6T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
50
100
150
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Manokotak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
12
13
14
15
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
60
80
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
New Stuyahok, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
11
12
13
14
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
02
46
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
50
100
150
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Togiak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
Nome Census Area
• Brevig Mission• Diomede• Elim• Gambell• Golovin• Koyuk• Nome• Saint Michael
• Savoonga• Shaktoolik• Shishmaref• Stebbins• Teller• Unalakleet• Wales• White Mountain
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
2T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
08
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Brevig Mission, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Diomede, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
21
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
05
01
001
50P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Elim, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
12
3T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Gambell, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
11
12
13
14
15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
08
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Golovin, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
12
13
14
15
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
30
40
50
60
70
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-8-6
-4-2
0T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Koyuk, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
89
10
11
12
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
08
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Nome, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
01
02
03
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
21
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Saint Michael, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
12
3T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Savoonga, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Shaktoolik, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Shishmaref, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
01
02
03
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
21
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Stebbins, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
2T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
08
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Teller, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
68
10
12
14
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Unalakleet, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Wales, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
21
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
05
01
00P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
White Mountain, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
North Slope Borough
• Anaktuvuk Pass• Atqasuk• Barrow• Kaktovik• Nuiqsut• Point Hope• Point Lay• Wainwright
-30
-25
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
52
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-20
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
68
10
12
14
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Anaktuvuk Pass, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-30
-28
-26
-24
-22
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
15
20
25
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
52
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
21
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Atqasuk, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
15
20
25
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
52
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
01
23
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Barrow, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
52
02
5P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
52
02
5P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
02
46
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kaktovik, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
52
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
5P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
46
81
0T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
15
20
25
30
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Nuiqsut, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
24
68
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
2T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Point Hope, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
15
20
25
30
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
24
68
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Point Lay, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
15
20
25
30
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
15
20
25
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
02
46
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-50
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Wainwright, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
Northwest Arctic Borough
• Ambler• Buckland• Deering• Kiana• Kivalina• Kobuk
• Kotzebue• Noatak• Noorvik• Selawik• Shungnak
-25
-20
-15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
05
01
001
50P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Ambler, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
15
20
25
30
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
51
01
52
02
5P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
30
40
50
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Buckland, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
78
91
01
1T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Deering, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
05
01
00P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kiana, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
21
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
05
01
00P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kivalina, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
01
02
03
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kobuk, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
01
02
03
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
11
12
13
14
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kotzebue, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-15
-10
-5T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
81
01
21
4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40
60
80
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Noatak, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
01
02
03
04
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
05
01
00P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Noorvik, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
02
04
06
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4T
em
per
atu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
05
01
00P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Selawik, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10
20
30
40
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
01
02
03
0P
reci
pita
tion
, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
10
12
14
16
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Te
mp
era
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
20
40
60
80
Pre
cipi
tatio
n,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Shungnak, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)