Current Biology, Volume 30

Supplemental Information

Tempo and Pattern of Avian Brain Size Evolution

Daniel T. Ksepka, Amy M. Balanoff, N. Adam Smith, Gabriel S. Bever, Bhart-Anjan S.Bhullar, Estelle Bourdon, Edward L. Braun, J. Gordon Burleigh, Julia A.Clarke, Matthew W. Colbert, Jeremy R. Corfield, Federico J. Degrange, Vanesa L. DePietri, Catherine M. Early, Daniel J. Field, Paul M. Gignac, Maria Eugenia LeoneGold, Rebecca T. Kimball, Soichiro Kawabe, Louis Lefebvre, Jesús Marugán-Lobón, Carrie S. Mongle, Ashley Morhardt, Mark A. Norell, Ryan C. Ridgely, Ryan S.Rothman, R. Paul Scofield, Claudia P. Tambussi, Christopher R. Torres, Marcel vanTuinen, Stig A. Walsh, Akinobu Watanabe, Lawrence M. Witmer, Alexandra K.Wright, Lindsay E. Zanno, Erich D. Jarvis, and Jeroen B. Smaers

Figure S1. Complete Phylogeny Used in Analyses, Related to STAR Methods Phylogeny

and Divergence Dating. Colors correspond to those in Figure 1.

DINO Acrocanthosaurus atokensisDINO Tyrannosaurus rexDINO Alioramus altaiDINO Struthiomimus altus

DINO Erlikosaurus andrewsiDINO Incisivosaurus gauthieri

DINO Citipati osmolskaeDINO Conchoraptor gracilis

DINO Khaan mckennaiDINO unnamed troodontid

DINO Zanabazar juniorDINO Tsaagan mangas

FOSSIL Archaeopteryx lithographicusFOSSIL Lithornis promiscuusFOSSIL Lithornis plebius

Struthioniformes Struthionidae Struthio camelusStruthioniformes Struthionidae Struthio molybdophanesRheiformes Rheidae Rhea americanaDinornithiformes Dinornithidae Dinornis robustusDinornithiformes Dinornithidae Dinornis novaezealandiaeDinornithiformes Emeidae Pachyornis elephantopusDinornithiformes Emeidae Pachyornis australisDinornithiformes Emeidae Anomalopteryx didiformisDinornithiformes Emeidae Euryapteryx curtusDinornithiformes Emeidae Emeus crassusTinamiformes Tinamidae Nothura maculosaTinamiformes Tinamidae Nothoprocta ornataTinamiformes Tinamidae Crypturellus souiTinamiformes Tinamidae Crypturellus tataupaTinamiformes Tinamidae Tinamus majorusCasuariiformes Dromaiidae Dromaius novaehollandiaeCasuariiformes Casuariidae Casuarius unappendiculatus Casuariiformes Casuariidae Casuarius casuariusApterygiformes Apterygidae Apteryx rowiApterygiformes Apterygidae Apteryx mantelli Apterygiformes Apterygidae Apteryx australisApterygiformes Apterygidae Apteryx haastiiApterygiformes Apterygidae Apteryx owenii

FOSSIL Odontopteryx toliapicaGalliformes Megapodiidae Leipoa ocellataGalliformes Megapodiidae Alectura lathamiGalliformes Megapodiidae Megapodius freycinetGalliformes Megapodiidae Megapodius eremitaGalliformes Cracidae Ortalis vetulaGalliformes Cracidae Crax rubraGalliformes Cracidae Crax fasciolataGalliformes Cracidae Pipile pipileGalliformes Cracidae Penelope purpurascensGalliformes Odontophoridae Cyrtonyx montezumaeGalliformes Odontophoridae Colinus virginianusGalliformes Odontophoridae Callipepla gambeliiGalliformes Odontophoridae Callipepla californicaGalliformes Odontophoridae Oreortyx pictusGalliformes Phasianidae Meleagris gallopavoGalliformes Phasianidae Meleagris ocellataGalliformes Phasianidae Bonasa umbellusGalliformes Phasianidae Lagopus lagopusGalliformes Phasianidae Lagopus mutaGalliformes Phasianidae Centrocercus urophasianusGalliformes Phasianidae Tympanuchus phasianellusGalliformes Phasianidae Dendragapus obscurusGalliformes Phasianidae Falcipennis canadensisGalliformes Phasianidae Tetrao urogallusGalliformes Phasianidae Tetrao tetrixGalliformes Phasianidae Phasianus colchicusGalliformes Phasianidae Crossoptilon crossoptilonGalliformes Phasianidae Lophura nycthemeraGalliformes Phasianidae Lophura swinhoiiGalliformes Phasianidae Lophura diardiGalliformes Phasianidae Chrysolophus pictusGalliformes Phasianidae Chrysolophus amherstiaeGalliformes Phasianidae Syrmaticus reevesiiGalliformes Phasianidae Tragopan temminckiiGalliformes Phasianidae Lophophorus impejanusGalliformes Phasianidae Ithaginis cruentusGalliformes Phasianidae Argusianus argusGalliformes Phasianidae Pavo cristatusGalliformes Phasianidae Francolinus sephaenaGalliformes Phasianidae Bambusicola thoracicusGalliformes Phasianidae Gallus variusGalliformes Phasianidae Coturnix chinensisGalliformes Phasianidae Coturnix pectoralisGalliformes Phasianidae Coturnix coturnixGalliformes Phasianidae Alectoris chukarGalliformes Phasianidae Francolinus leucoscepusGalliformes Phasianidae Melanoperdix nigerGalliformes Phasianidae Rollulus rouloulGalliformes Numididae Acryllium vulturinumGalliformes Numididae Guttera plumiferaGalliformes Numididae Numida meleagrisAnseriformes Anhimidae Chauna torquataAnseriformes Anhimidae Chauna chavariaAnseriformes Anseranatidae Anseranas semipalmataAnseriformes Anatidae Dendrocygna eytoniAnseriformes Anatidae Dendrocygna arcuataAnseriformes Anatidae Dendrocygna viduataAnseriformes Anatidae Oxyura australisAnseriformes Anatidae Oxyura maccoaAnseriformes Anatidae Oxyura jamaicensisAnseriformes Anatidae Cereopsis novaehollandiaeAnseriformes Anatidae Coscoroba coscorobaAnseriformes Anatidae Cygnus buccinatorAnseriformes Anatidae Cygnus columbianusAnseriformes Anatidae Cygnus cygnusAnseriformes Anatidae Cygnus atratusAnseriformes Anatidae Cygnus olorAnseriformes Anatidae Branta berniclaAnseriformes Anatidae Branta sandvicensisAnseriformes Anatidae Branta canadensisAnseriformes Anatidae Chen caerulescensAnseriformes Anatidae Chen rossiiAnseriformes Anatidae Anser fabalisAnseriformes Anatidae Anser albifronsAnseriformes Anatidae Stictonetta naevosaAnseriformes Anatidae Malacorhynchus membranaceusAnseriformes Anatidae Biziura lobataAnseriformes Anatidae Lophodytes cucullatusAnseriformes Anatidae Mergus merganserAnseriformes Anatidae Mergus serratorAnseriformes Anatidae Bucephala albeolaAnseriformes Anatidae Bucephala islandicaAnseriformes Anatidae Bucephala clangulaAnseriformes Anatidae Melanitta fuscaAnseriformes Anatidae Melanitta perspicillataAnseriformes Anatidae Melanitta nigraAnseriformes Anatidae Polysticta stelleriAnseriformes Anatidae Somateria spectabilisAnseriformes Anatidae Somateria mollissimaAnseriformes Anatidae Histrionicus histrionicusAnseriformes Anatidae Clangula hyemalisAnseriformes Anatidae Plectropterus gambensisAnseriformes Anatidae Neochen jubataAnseriformes Anatidae Chloephaga poliocephalaAnseriformes Anatidae Chloephaga hybridaAnseriformes Anatidae Chloephaga pictaAnseriformes Anatidae Tadorna radjahAnseriformes Anatidae Tadorna tadornaAnseriformes Anatidae Tadorna variegataAnseriformes Anatidae Tadorna tadornoidesAnseriformes Anatidae Tadorna ferrugineaAnseriformes Anatidae Alopochen aegyptiacaAnseriformes Anatidae Cairina moschataAnseriformes Anatidae Aix sponsaAnseriformes Anatidae Aix galericulataAnseriformes Anatidae Sarkidiornis melanotosAnseriformes Anatidae Chenonetta jubata Anseriformes Anatidae Lophonetta specularioidesAnseriformes Anatidae Amazonetta brasiliensisAnseriformes Anatidae Speculanas specularisAnseriformes Anatidae Tachyeres leucocephalusAnseriformes Anatidae Anas smithiiAnseriformes Anatidae Anas rhynchotisAnseriformes Anatidae Anas clypeataAnseriformes Anatidae Anas discorsAnseriformes Anatidae Anas cyanopteraAnseriformes Anatidae Anas plataleaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas versicolorAnseriformes Anatidae Anas hottentotaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas americanaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas streperaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas superciliosaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas laysanensisAnseriformes Anatidae Anas poecilorhynchaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas platyrhynchosAnseriformes Anatidae Anas creccaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas flavirostrisAnseriformes Anatidae Anas gracilisAnseriformes Anatidae Anas castaneaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas aucklandicaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas acutaAnseriformes Anatidae Anas eatoniAnseriformes Anatidae Anas georgicaAnseriformes Anatidae Pteronetta hartlaubiiAnseriformes Anatidae Netta rufinaAnseriformes Anatidae Aythya americanaAnseriformes Anatidae Aythya collarisAnseriformes Anatidae Aythya valisineriaAnseriformes Anatidae Aythya affinisAnseriformes Anatidae Aythya marilaAnseriformes Anatidae Aythya fuligulaAnseriformes Anatidae Aythya australisAnseriformes Anatidae Callonetta leucophrysPhoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus chilensisPhoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus minorPhoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicoparrus jamesiPhoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus roseusPhoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus ruberPhoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicoparrus andinusPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Podilymbus podicepsPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Podilymbus gigasPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Aechmophorus occidentalisPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps nigricollisPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps grisegenaPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps cristatusPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps majorPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps auritusPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Rollandia rollandPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Poliocephalus poliocephalusPodicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus novaehollandiaePodicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus ruficollisColumbiformes Columbidae Gallicolumba crinigeraColumbiformes Columbidae Gallicolumba luzonicaColumbiformes Columbidae Henicophaps albifronsColumbiformes Columbidae Geopelia cuneataColumbiformes Columbidae Geopelia humeralisColumbiformes Columbidae Geopelia placidaColumbiformes Columbidae Leucosarcia melanoleucaColumbiformes Columbidae Phaps chalcopteraColumbiformes Columbidae Phaps histrionicaColumbiformes Columbidae Phaps elegansColumbiformes Columbidae Geophaps plumiferaColumbiformes Columbidae Geophaps smithiiColumbiformes Columbidae Petrophassa albipennisColumbiformes Columbidae Ocyphaps lophotesColumbiformes Columbidae Geopelia striataColumbiformes Columbidae Gallicolumba beccariiColumbiformes Columbidae Gallicolumba jobiensisColumbiformes Columbidae Lopholaimus antarcticusColumbiformes Columbidae Hemiphaga novaeseelandiaeColumbiformes Columbidae Gymnophaps albertisiiColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula aeneaColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula pacificaColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula goliathColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula pinonColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula radiataColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula perspicillataColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula melanochroaColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula luctuosaColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula bicolorColumbiformes Columbidae Ducula badiaColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus occipitalisColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus jambuColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus leclancheriColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus magnificusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus melanospilusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus porphyraceusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus superbusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus rivoliColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus iozonusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus hyogastrusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus ornatusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus pulchellusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus monachaColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus purpuratusColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus insularisColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus dupetithouarsiiColumbiformes Columbidae Ptilinopus reginaColumbiformes Columbidae Alectroenas pulcherrimaColumbiformes Columbidae Chalcophaps indicaColumbiformes Columbidae Chalcophaps stephaniColumbiformes Columbidae Oena capensisColumbiformes Columbidae Turtur tympanistriaColumbiformes Columbidae Turtur brehmeriColumbiformes Columbidae Turtur chalcospilosColumbiformes Columbidae Treron sieboldiiColumbiformes Columbidae Treron apicaudaColumbiformes Columbidae Treron capelleiColumbiformes Columbidae Treron curvirostraColumbiformes Columbidae Treron vernansColumbiformes Columbidae Treron formosaeColumbiformes Columbidae Treron phoenicopterusColumbiformes Columbidae Treron calvusColumbiformes Columbidae Trero pompadoraColumbiformes Columbidae Treron fulvicollisColumbiformes Columbidae Claravis pretiosaColumbiformes Columbidae Columbina picuiColumbiformes Columbidae Columbina incaColumbiformes Columbidae Columbina minutaColumbiformes Columbidae Columbina buckleyiColumbiformes Columbidae Columbina talpacotiColumbiformes Columbidae Columbina passerinaColumbiformes Columbidae Leptotila jamaicensisColumbiformes Columbidae Leptotila verreauxiColumbiformes Columbidae Leptotila cassiniColumbiformes Columbidae Leptotila plumbeicepsColumbiformes Columbidae Leptotila rufaxillaColumbiformes Columbidae Zenaida asiaticaColumbiformes Columbidae Zenaida auritaColumbiformes Columbidae Zenaida galapagoensisColumbiformes Columbidae Zenaida auriculataColumbiformes Columbidae Zenaida macrouraColumbiformes Columbidae Geotrygon lawrenciiColumbiformes Columbidae Geotrygon costaricensisColumbiformes Columbidae Starnoenas cyanocephalaColumbiformes Columbidae Geotrygon montanaColumbiformes Columbidae Geotrygon chrysiaColumbiformes Columbidae Geotrygon violaceaColumbiformes Columbidae Macropygia unchallColumbiformes Columbidae Macropygia amboinensisColumbiformes Columbidae Turacoena manadensisColumbiformes Columbidae Macropygia phasianellaColumbiformes Columbidae Macropygia nigrirostrisColumbiformes Columbidae Reinwardtoena reinwardtsiColumbiformes Columbidae Reinwardtoena browniColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas fasciataColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas plumbeaColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas subvinaceaColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas speciosaColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas squamosaColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas leucocephalaColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas maculosaColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas picazuroColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas cayennensisColumbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas flavirostrisColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia senegalensisColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia chinensisColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia vinaceaColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia capicolaColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia semitorquataColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia decipiensColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia tranquebaricaColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia orientalisColumbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia turturColumbiformes Columbidae Columba arquatrixColumbiformes Columbidae Columba guineaColumbiformes Columbidae Columba oenasColumbiformes Columbidae Columba leuconotaColumbiformes Columbidae Columba leucomelaColumbiformes Columbidae Columba liviaColumbiformes Columbidae Columba vitiensisColumbiformes Columbidae Phapitreron leucotisColumbiformes Columbidae Phapitreron amethystinusColumbiformes Columbidae Didunculus strigirostrisColumbiformes Columbidae Goura victoriaColumbiformes Columbidae Goura scheepmakeriColumbiformes Columbidae Goura cristataColumbiformes Columbidae Otidiphaps nobilisColumbiformes Columbidae Raphus cucullatusColumbiformes Columbidae Pezophaps solitariaColumbiformes Columbidae Caloenas nicobaricaPterocliformes Pteroclidae Pterocles lichtensteiniiPterocliformes Pteroclidae Pterocles bicinctusPterocliformes Pteroclidae Pterocles decoratusMesitornithiformes Mesitornithidae Monias benschiMusophagiformes Musophagidae Tauraco persaMusophagiformes Musophagidae Crinifer piscatorMusophagiformes Musophagidae Corythaixoides concolorMusophagiformes Musophagidae Tauraco leucolophusMusophagiformes Musophagidae Tauraco erythrolophusMusophagiformes Musophagidae Tauraco corythaixMusophagiformes Musophagidae Tauraco hartlaubiMusophagiformes Musophagidae Tauraco livingstoniiOtidiformes Otididae Otis tardaOtidiformes Otididae Neotis denhami Otidiformes Otididae Ardeotis australisCuculiformes Cuculidae Tapera naeviaCuculiformes Cuculidae Geococcyx californianusCuculiformes Cuculidae Guira guiraCuculiformes Cuculidae Crotophaga aniCuculiformes Cuculidae Centropus phasianinusCuculiformes Cuculidae Centropus goliathCuculiformes Cuculidae Centropus bengalensisCuculiformes Cuculidae Eudynamys taitensisCuculiformes Cuculidae Ceuthmochares aereusCuculiformes Cuculidae Coccyzus erythropthalmusCuculiformes Cuculidae Coccyzus vetulaCuculiformes Cuculidae Piaya cayanaCuculiformes Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus superciliosusCuculiformes Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus pallidusCuculiformes Cuculidae Phaenicophaeus curvirostrisCuculiformes Cuculidae Clamator glandariusCuculiformes Cuculidae Scythrops novaehollandiaeCuculiformes Cuculidae Eudynamys melanorhynchusCuculiformes Cuculidae Cuculus saturatusCuculiformes Cuculidae Cuculus canorusCuculiformes Cuculidae Cacomantis castaneiventrisCuculiformes Cuculidae Cacomantis flabelliformisCuculiformes Cuculidae Cacomantis variolosusCuculiformes Cuculidae Chrysococcyx capriusCuculiformes Cuculidae Chrysococcyx osculansCuculiformes Cuculidae Chrysococcyx basalisCuculiformes Cuculidae Chrysococcyx minutillusCuculiformes Cuculidae Chrysococcyx lucidusNyctibiiformes Nyctibiidae Nyctibius griseusSteatornithiformes Steatornithidae Steatornis caripensisCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Eurostopodus macrotisCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Eurostopodus mystacalisCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Eurostopodus argusCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus macrurusCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus europaeusCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Macrodipteryx vexillariusCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Podager nacundaCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Chordeiles minorCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Nyctiphrynus ocellatusCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Phalaenoptilus nuttalliiCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus vociferusCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus carolinensisCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Nyctiprogne leucopygaCaprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Nyctidromus albicollisAegotheliformes Aegothelidae Aegotheles cristatusApodiformes Trochilidae Florisuga mellivoraApodiformes Trochilidae Anthracothorax dominicusApodiformes Trochilidae Eulampis holosericeusApodiformes Trochilidae Eulampis jugularisApodiformes Trochilidae Archilochus colubrisApodiformes Trochilidae Selasphorus rufusApodiformes Trochilidae Chlorostilbon ricordiiApodiformes Trochilidae Thalurania furcataApodiformes Trochilidae Trochilus polytmusApodiformes Trochilidae Amazilia tzacatlApodiformes Trochilidae Campylopterus largipennisApodiformes Trochilidae Orthorhyncus cristatusApodiformes Trochilidae Threnetes ruckeriApodiformes Trochilidae Glaucis hirsutusApodiformes Trochilidae Phaethornis superciliosusApodiformes Hemiprocnidae Hemiprocne mystaceaApodiformes Apodidae Streptoprocne zonarisApodiformes Apodidae Aeronautes saxatalisApodiformes Apodidae Tachornis phoenicobiaApodiformes Apodidae Cypsiurus parvusApodiformes Apodidae Apus pallidusApodiformes Apodidae Apus apusApodiformes Apodidae Collocalia spodiopygiaApodiformes Apodidae Collocalia esculentaApodiformes Apodidae Chaetura pelagicaApodiformes Apodidae Hirundapus caudacutusOpisthocomiformes Opisthocomidae Opisthocomus hoazinCharadriiformes Turnicidae Turnix suscitatorCharadriiformes Turnicidae Turnix veloxCharadriiformes Turnicidae Turnix pyrrhothoraxCharadriiformes Glareolidae Smutsornis africanusCharadriiformes Glareolidae Glareola nuchalisCharadriiformes Glareolidae Stiltia isabellaCharadriiformes Alcidae Brachyramphus marmoratusCharadriiformes Alcidae Cepphus grylleCharadriiformes Alcidae Cepphus columbaCharadriiformes Alcidae Synthliboramphus antiquusCharadriiformes Alcidae Alle alleCharadriiformes Alcidae Uria aalgeCharadriiformes Alcidae Uria lomviaCharadriiformes Alcidae Alca tordaCharadriiformes Alcidae Pinguinus impennisCharadriiformes Alcidae Cerorhinca monocerataCharadriiformes Alcidae Fratercula corniculataCharadriiformes Alcidae Fratercula arcticaCharadriiformes Alcidae Fratercula cirrhataCharadriiformes Alcidae Ptychoramphus aleuticusCharadriiformes Alcidae Aethia pusillaCharadriiformes Alcidae Aethia cristatellaCharadriiformes Alcidae Aethia psittacula

FOSSIL Mancallinae sp.Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius pomarinusCharadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius skuaCharadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius parasiticusCharadriiformes Stercorariidae Catharacta maccormickiCharadriiformes Laridae Hydrocoloeus minutusCharadriiformes Laridae Creagrus furcatusCharadriiformes Laridae Pagophila eburneaCharadriiformes Laridae Xema sabiniCharadriiformes Laridae Rissa brevirostrisCharadriiformes Laridae Rissa tridactylaCharadriiformes Laridae Chroicocephalus ridibundusCharadriiformes Laridae Chroicocephalus hartlaubiiCharadriiformes Laridae Chroicocephalus novaehollandiaeCharadriiformes Laridae Chroicocephalus maculipennisCharadriiformes Laridae Leucophaeus atricillaCharadriiformes Laridae Leucophaeus pipixcanCharadriiformes Laridae Leucophaeus scoresbiiCharadriiformes Laridae Larus heermanniCharadriiformes Laridae Larus canusCharadriiformes Laridae Larus delawarensisCharadriiformes Laridae Larus occidentalisCharadriiformes Laridae Larus marinus

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus hyperboreus

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus thayeriCharadriiformes Laridae Larus schistisagusCharadriiformes Laridae Larus glaucescensCharadriiformes Laridae Larus argentatusCharadriiformes Laridae Larus californicus

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus fuscusCharadriiformes Laridae Larus dominicanus

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus crassirostrisCharadriiformes Laridae Larus pacificusCharadriiformes Laridae Procelsterna ceruleaCharadriiformes Laridae Anous minutusCharadriiformes Laridae Anous stolidusCharadriiformes Laridae Gygis albaCharadriiformes Laridae Gelochelidon niloticaCharadriiformes Laridae Hydroprogne caspiaCharadriiformes Laridae Chlidonias hybridaCharadriiformes Laridae Sterna forsteriCharadriiformes Laridae Sterna trudeauiCharadriiformes Laridae Thalasseus maximusCharadriiformes Laridae Thalasseus sandvicensisCharadriiformes Laridae Sterna hirundoCharadriiformes Laridae Sterna dougalliiCharadriiformes Laridae Sterna sumatranaCharadriiformes Laridae Sterna paradisaeaCharadriiformes Laridae Sterna vittataCharadriiformes Laridae Phaetusa simplexCharadriiformes Laridae Onychoprion aleuticusCharadriiformes Laridae Onychoprion fuscatusCharadriiformes Laridae Onychoprion lunatusCharadriiformes Laridae Onychoprion anaethetusCharadriiformes Laridae Sternula albifronsCharadriiformes Laridae Rynchops nigerCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Bartramia longicaudaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius americanusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius madagascariensisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius arquataCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius tahitiensisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius phaeopusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Xenus cinereusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Phalaropus fulicariusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Phalaropus lobatusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucosCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Actitis maculariusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa solitariaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa ochropusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa brevipesCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa incanaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa stagnatilisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa glareolaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa melanoleucaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa nebulariaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa flavipesCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa semipalmataCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Lymnocryptes minimusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Scolopax rusticolaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Scolopax minorCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Limnodromus griseusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Limnodromus scolopaceusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago stenuraCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago undulataCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago hardwickiiCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago mediaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago nobilisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinagoCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris acuminataCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris tenuirostrisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris canutusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Philomachus pugnaxCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Limicola falcinellusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris subminutaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alpinaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris ptilocnemisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris mauriCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris pusillaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris himantopusCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris melanotosCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Tryngites subruficollisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris bairdiiCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris minutillaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris albaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris fuscicollisCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris minutaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris ferrugineaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Arenaria melanocephalaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Arenaria interpresCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa limosaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa fedoaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa haemasticaCharadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa lapponicaCharadriiformes Pedionomidae Pedionomus torquatusCharadriiformes Thinocoridae Thinocorus rumicivorusCharadriiformes Jacanidae Hydrophasianus chirurgusCharadriiformes Jacanidae Jacana spinosaCharadriiformes Jacanidae Jacana jacanaCharadriiformes Jacanidae Actophilornis africanusCharadriiformes Jacanidae Irediparra gallinaceaCharadriiformes Rostratulidae Rostratula benghalensisCharadriiformes Pluvianellidae Pluvianellus socialisCharadriiformes Chionidae Chionis albusCharadriiformes Chionidae Chionis minorCharadriiformes Burhinidae Burhinus superciliarisCharadriiformes Burhinidae Burhinus bistriatusCharadriiformes Burhinidae Burhinus oedicnemusCharadriiformes Burhinidae Burhinus grallariusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis apricariaCharadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis fulvaCharadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis dominicaCharadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis squatarolaCharadriiformes Recurvirostridae Himantopus mexicanusCharadriiformes Recurvirostridae Himantopus himantopusCharadriiformes Recurvirostridae Cladorhynchus leucocephalusCharadriiformes Recurvirostridae Recurvirostra avosettaCharadriiformes Recurvirostridae Recurvirostra novaehollandiaeCharadriiformes Recurvirostridae Recurvirostra americanaCharadriiformes Ibidorhynchidae Ibidorhyncha struthersiiCharadriiformes Haematopodidae Haematopus longirostrisCharadriiformes Haematopodidae Haematopus leucopodusCharadriiformes Haematopodidae Haematopus aterCharadriiformes Haematopodidae Haematopus bachmaniCharadriiformes Haematopodidae Haematopus ostralegusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius australisCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus vanellusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus albicepsCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus armatusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus cayanusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus tricolorCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus senegallusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus milesCharadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus coronatusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Erythrogonys cinctusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius falklandicusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius collarisCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius pecuariusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius ruficapillusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius mongolusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius leschenaultiiCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius modestusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius tricollarisCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius placidusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Elseyornis melanopsCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius vociferusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius melodusCharadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius semipalmatusCharadriiformes Glareolidae Pluvianus aegyptius

Gruiformes Rallidae Gallirallus australisGruiformes Rallidae Gallirallus sylvestrisGruiformes Rallidae Gallirallus owstoniGruiformes Rallidae Gallirallus philippensis

Gruiformes Rallidae Lewinia pectoralisGruiformes Rallidae Crex crex

Gruiformes Rallidae Rallus aquaticusGruiformes Rallidae Rallus longirostris

Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula melanopsGruiformes Rallidae Porzana carolinaGruiformes Rallidae Gallirallus ventralisGruiformes Rallidae Fulica atraGruiformes Rallidae Fulica americanaGruiformes Rallidae Gallirallus tenebrosaGruiformes Rallidae Gallinula chloropusGruiformes Rallidae Pardirallus maculatusGruiformes Rallidae Aramides cajaneaGruiformes Rallidae Aramides ypecahaGruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio martinicaGruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio hochstetteriGruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio porphyrioGruiformes Rallidae Rallina eurizonoidesGruiformes Rallidae Porzana atraGruiformes Rallidae Laterallus albigularisGruiformes Rallidae Coturnicops noveboracensisGruiformes Rallidae Porzana flumineaGruiformes Rallidae Amaurornis phoenicurusGruiformes Rallidae Amaurornis olivaceaGruiformes Rallidae Amaurornis flavirostraGruiformes Rallidae Gallicrex cinereaGruiformes Rallidae Porzana pusillaGruiformes Psophiidae Psophia crepitansGruiformes Aramidae Aramus guaraunaGruiformes Gruidae Grus canadensisGruiformes Gruidae Grus grusPhaethontiformes Phaethontidae Phaethon lepturusPhaethontiformes Phaethontidae Phaethon rubricaudaEurypygiformes Rhynochetidae Rhynochetos jubatusEurypygiformes Eurypygidae Eurypyga heliasGaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia immerGaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia pacificaGaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia stellataSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Spheniscus magellanicusSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Spheniscus humboldtiSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Eudyptula minor

FOSSIL Madrynornis mirandusSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Eudyptes schlegeliSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Eudyptes chrysocomeSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Pygoscelis antarcticusSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Pygoscelis papuaSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Pygoscelis adeliaeSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Aptenodytes patagonicusSphenisciformes Spheniscidae Aptenodytes forsteri

FOSSIL Paraptenodytes antarcticusProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Fregetta grallariaProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Pelagodroma marinaProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Nesofregetta fuliginosaProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Oceanites oceanicusProcellariiformes Diomedeidae Phoebetria palpebrataProcellariiformes Diomedeidae Phoebastria nigripesProcellariiformes Diomedeidae Phoebastria immutabilisProcellariiformes Diomedeidae Diomedea exulansProcellariiformes Diomedeidae Thalassarche cautaProcellariiformes Diomedeidae Thalassarche melanophrisProcellariiformes Diomedeidae Thalassarche chrysostomaProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Oceanodroma leucorhoaProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Oceanodroma tristramiProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Oceanodroma microsomaProcellariiformes Hydrobatidae Oceanodroma tethysProcellariiformes Procellariidae Halobaena caeruleaProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pachyptila turturProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pachyptila belcheriProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pachyptila desolataProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pachyptila salviniProcellariiformes Procellariidae Bulweria bulweriiProcellariiformes Procellariidae Aphrodroma brevirostrisProcellariiformes Procellariidae Thalassoica antarcticaProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pagodroma niveaProcellariiformes Procellariidae Daption capenseProcellariiformes Procellariidae Macronectes giganteusProcellariiformes Procellariidae Fulmarus glacialoidesProcellariiformes Procellariidae Fulmarus glacialisProcellariiformes Procellariidae Procellaria cinereaProcellariiformes Procellariidae Procellaria aequinoctialisProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pterodroma leucopteraProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pterodroma lessoniiProcellariiformes Procellariidae Pterodroma macropteraProcellariiformes Pelecanoididae Pelecanoides georgicusProcellariiformes Pelecanoididae Pelecanoides urinatrixProcellariiformes Procellariidae Puffinus pacificusProcellariiformes Procellariidae Puffinus tenuirostrisProcellariiformes Procellariidae Puffinus griseusProcellariiformes Procellariidae Puffinus gaviaProcellariiformes Procellariidae Calonectris leucomelasProcellariiformes Procellariidae Calonectris diomedeaSuliformes Fregatidae Fregata minorSuliformes Fregatidae Fregata magnificensSuliformes Sulidae Sula leucogasterSuliformes Sulidae Sula variegataSuliformes Sulidae Morus serratorSuliformes Sulidae Morus bassanusSuliformes Anhingidae Anhinga melanogasterSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax melanoleucosSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carboSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax fuscescensSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax variusSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax sulcirostrisSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax penicillatusSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax urileSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax pelagicusSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax capillatusSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax atricepsSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax auritusSuliformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax harrisi

Pelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Bostrychia hagedash Pelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Mesembrinibis cayennensis Pelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Platalea regiaPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Platalea flavipes Pelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Platalea albaPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Plegadis falcinellusPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Plegadis chihiPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Eudocimus ruberPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Eudocimus albusPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Theristicus spinicollisPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Threskiornis aethiopicusPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Theristicus moluccaPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Theristicus caerulescensPelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Nipponia nipponPelecaniformes Ardeidae Tigrisoma lineatumPelecaniformes Ardeidae Tigrisoma mexicanumPelecaniformes Ardeidae Cochlearius cochleariusPelecaniformes Ardeidae Botaurus poiciloptilusPelecaniformes Ardeidae Botaurus lentiginosusPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus exilisPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus minutusPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus flavicollisPelecaniformes Ardeidae Egretta novaehollandiaePelecaniformes Ardeidae Egretta garzettaPelecaniformes Ardeidae Nycticorax nycticoraxPelecaniformes Ardeidae Nycticorax caledonicusPelecaniformes Ardeidae Nyctanassa violaceaPelecaniformes Ardeidae Butorides striataPelecaniformes Ardeidae Mesophoyx intermediaPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ardea albaPelecaniformes Ardeidae Bubulcus ibisPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ardea cinereaPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ardea pacificaPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ardea sumatranaPelecaniformes Ardeidae Ardea herodiasPelecaniformes Balaenicipitidae Balaeniceps rexPelecaniformes Scopidae Scopus umbrettaPelecaniformes Pelecanidae Pelecanus conspicillatusPelecaniformes Pelecanidae Pelecanus rufescensPelecaniformes Pelecanidae Pelecanus onocrotalus

Pelecaniformes Pelecanidae Pelecanus erythrorhynchosPelecaniformes Pelecanidae Pelecanus occidentalisLeptosomatiformes Leptosomidae Leptosomus discolorCiconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconiaCiconiiformes Ciconiidae Jabiru mycteriaCiconiiformes Ciconiidae Ephippiorhynchus senegalensisCiconiiformes Ciconiidae Anastomus lamelligerusCiconiiformes Ciconiidae Mycteria americanaCiconiiformes Ciconiidae Leptoptilos crumeniferusCiconiiformes Ciconiidae Leptoptilos dubiusCathartiformes Cathartidae Gymnogyps californianusCathartiformes Cathartidae Coragyps atratusCathartiformes Cathartidae Cathartes auraCathartiformes Cathartidae Vultur gryphusCathartiformes Cathartidae Sarcoramphus papaAccipitriformes Sagittaridae Sagittarius serpentariusAccipitriformes Pandionidae Pandion haliaetusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Elanus leucurusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Elanus axillarisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Gypohierax angolensisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Gypaetus barbatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Polyboroides typusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Chondrohierax uncinatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Aviceda subcristataAccipitriformes Accipitridae Lophoictinia isuraAccipitriformes Accipitridae Hamirostra melanosternonAccipitriformes Accipitridae Macheiramphus alcinusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Harpia harpyjaAccipitriformes Accipitridae Stephanoaetus coronatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Polemaetus bellicosusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Lophaetus occipitalisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Hieraaetus morphnoidesAccipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila chrysaetosAccipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila fasciataAccipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila audaxAccipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila rapaxAccipitriformes Accipitridae Spizaetus tyrannusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Spizaetus ornatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Spizaetus melanoleucusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Kaupifalco monogrammicusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Melierax canorusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter novaehollandiaeAccipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter haplochrousAccipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter fasciatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter striatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Circus cyaneusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Circus aeruginosusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter gentilisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter cooperiiAccipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter cirrocephalusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Harpagus bidentatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Ictinia mississippiensisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Busarellus nigricollisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Geranospiza caerulescensAccipitriformes Accipitridae Rostrhamus sociabilisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteogallus urubitingaAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteogallus anthracinusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteogallus meridionalisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo magnirostrisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Parabuteo unicinctusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Leucopternis albicollisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo lineatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo platypterusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo buteoAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo regalisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo lagopusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo swainsoniAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo galapagoensisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo jamaicensisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo polyosomaAccipitriformes Accipitridae Milvus migransAccipitriformes Accipitridae Haliastur sphenurusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Haliastur indusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Haliaeetus vociferAccipitriformes Accipitridae Haliaeetus leucogasterAccipitriformes Accipitridae Ichthyophaga humilisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Haliaeetus albicillaAccipitriformes Accipitridae Haliaeetus leucocephalusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Pithecophaga jefferyiAccipitriformes Accipitridae Terathopius ecaudatusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Circaetus gallicusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Trigonoceps occipitalisAccipitriformes Accipitridae Aegypius monachusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Torgos tracheliotusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Necrosyrtes monachusAccipitriformes Accipitridae Gyps africanusStrigiformes Strigidae Ninox connivensStrigiformes Strigidae Ninox squamipilaStrigiformes Strigidae Ninox boobookStrigiformes Strigidae Ninox rufaStrigiformes Strigidae Ninox strenuaStrigiformes Strigidae Ninox jacquinotiStrigiformes Strigidae Micrathene whitneyiStrigiformes Strigidae Aegolius funereusStrigiformes Strigidae Aegolius acadicusStrigiformes Strigidae Athene noctuaStrigiformes Strigidae Surnia ululaStrigiformes Strigidae Glaucidium passerinumStrigiformes Strigidae Glaucidium brasilianumStrigiformes Strigidae Glaucidium gnomaStrigiformes Strigidae Strix variaStrigiformes Strigidae Strix nebulosaStrigiformes Strigidae Strix nigrolineataStrigiformes Strigidae Strix virgataStrigiformes Strigidae Strix woodfordiiStrigiformes Strigidae Strix uralensisStrigiformes Strigidae Strix alucoStrigiformes Strigidae Pulsatrix perspicillataStrigiformes Strigidae Bubo africanusStrigiformes Strigidae Bubo ascalaphusStrigiformes Strigidae Bubo buboStrigiformes Strigidae Bubo virginianusStrigiformes Strigidae Ketupa ketupuStrigiformes Strigidae Megascops nudipesStrigiformes Strigidae Megascops cholibaStrigiformes Strigidae Asio flammeusStrigiformes Strigidae Asio capensisStrigiformes Strigidae Asio otusStrigiformes Strigidae Otus scopsStrigiformes Strigidae Otus magicusStrigiformes Strigidae Otus bakkamoenaStrigiformes Tytonidae Tyto albaStrigiformes Tytonidae Tyto tenebricosaStrigiformes Tytonidae Tyto novaehollandiaeStrigiformes Tytonidae Tyto longimembrisStrigiformes Tytonidae Tyto capensisTrogoniformes Trogonidae Apaloderma narinaTrogoniformes Trogonidae Harpactes erythrocephalusTrogoniformes Trogonidae Harpactes ardensTrogoniformes Trogonidae Pharomachrus mocinnoBucerotiformes Phoeniculidae Phoeniculus purpureusBucerotiformes Phoeniculidae Rhinopomastus minorBucerotiformes Phoeniculidae Rhinopomastus cyanomelasBucerotiformes Upupidae Upupa epopsBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Bucorvus abyssinicusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Bucorvus leadbeateriBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Tockus nasutusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Tockus fasciatusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Tockus alboterminatusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Tockus flavirostrisBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Tockus deckeniBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Tockus erythrorhynchus

Bucerotiformes Bucerotidae Buceros vigilBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Buceros hydrocoraxBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Buceros bicornisBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Buceros rhinocerosBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Anthracoceros malayanusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Anorrhinus galeritusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Ceratogymna atrataBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Ceratogymna subcylindricaBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Bucorvus Bycanistes cylindricusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Bucorvus Bycanistes bucinatorBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Tropicranus albocristatusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Ocyceros gingalensisBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Anthracoceros coronatusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Aceros undulatusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Aceros plicatusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Aceros cassidixBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Aceros leucocephalusBucerotiformes Bucerotidae Penelopides paniniGalbuliformes Bucconidae Malacoptila panamensisGalbuliformes Bucconidae Chelidoptera tenebrosaGalbuliformes Bucconidae Monasa nigrifronsGalbuliformes Bucconidae Notharchus macrorhynchosGalbuliformes Galbulidae Galbula albirostrisGalbuliformes Galbulidae Jacamerops aureusGalbuliformes Galbulidae Brachygalba lugubris Galbuliformes Bucconidae Bucco capensisPiciformes Lybiidae Gymnobucco calvusPiciformes Lybiidae Pogoniulus scolopaceusPiciformes Lybiidae Tricholaema leucomelasPiciformes Lybiidae Lybius torquatusPiciformes Lybiidae Trachyphonus vaillantiiPiciformes Megalaimidae Psilopogon pyrolophusPiciformes Megalaimidae Megalaima lineataPiciformes Megalaimidae Megalaima zeylanicaPiciformes Megalaimidae Megalaima asiaticaPiciformes Megalaimidae Calorhamphus fuliginosusPiciformes Capitonidae Eubucco bourcieriiPiciformes Capitonidae Capito nigerPiciformes Semnornithidae Semnornis ramphastinusPiciformes Ramphastidae Ramphastos tocoPiciformes Ramphastidae Ramphastos tucanusPiciformes Ramphastidae Ramphastos dicolorusPiciformes Ramphastidae Ramphastos sulfuratusPiciformes Ramphastidae Ramphastos vitellinusPiciformes Ramphastidae Pteroglossus bailloniPiciformes Ramphastidae Pteroglossus inscriptusPiciformes Ramphastidae Pteroglossus torquatusPiciformes Ramphastidae Pteroglossus castanotisPiciformes Ramphastidae Pteroglossus aracariPiciformes Ramphastidae Selenidera maculirostrisPiciformes Ramphastidae Andigena hypoglaucaPiciformes Ramphastidae Aulacorhynchus sulcatusPiciformes Indicatoridae Indicator minorPiciformes Picidae Jynx torquillaPiciformes Picidae Sasia abnormisPiciformes Picidae Campethera nivosaPiciformes Picidae Picus awokeraPiciformes Picidae Picus canusPiciformes Picidae Dinopium javanensePiciformes Picidae Gecinulus grantiaPiciformes Picidae Celeus castaneusPiciformes Picidae Mulleripicus fulvusPiciformes Picidae Piculus flavigulaPiciformes Picidae Colaptes auratusPiciformes Picidae Melanerpes lewisPiciformes Picidae Melanerpes erythrocephalusPiciformes Picidae Melanerpes formicivorusPiciformes Picidae Melanerpes aurifronsPiciformes Picidae Melanerpes carolinusPiciformes Picidae Sphyrapicus nuchalisPiciformes Picidae Sphyrapicus variusPiciformes Picidae Melanerpes striatusPiciformes Picidae Picoides tridactylusPiciformes Picidae Picoides scalarisPiciformes Picidae Picoides pubescensPiciformes Picidae Picoides borealisPiciformes Picidae Picoides arizonaePiciformes Picidae Picoides villosusPiciformes Picidae Veniliornis passerinusPiciformes Picidae Dendrocopos majorPiciformes Picidae Campephilus guatemalensisPiciformes Picidae Chrysocolaptes lucidusPiciformes Picidae Picumnus temminckiiCoraciiformes Momotidae Baryphthengus ruficapillusCoraciiformes Momotidae Momotus momotaCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Halcyon smyrnensisCoraciiformes Alcedinidae Alcedo atthisCoraciiformes Alcedinidae Ceyx lepidusCoraciiformes Alcedinidae Ceyx azureusCoraciiformes Alcedinidae Corythornis cristatusCoraciiformes Alcedinidae Ispidina pictaCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Melidora macrorrhinaCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Dacelo gaudichaudCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Dacelo novaeguineaeCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Dacelo leachiiCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Tanysiptera sylviaCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Tanysiptera galateaCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Syma torotoroCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Syma megarhynchaCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Todiramphus sanctusCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Todiramphus chlorisCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Todiramphus macleayiiCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Todiramphus pyrrhopygiusCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Pelargopsis capensisCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Halcyon senegalensisCoraciiformes Halcyonidae Halcyon leucocephalaCoraciiformes Cerylidae Megaceryle torquataCoraciiformes Cerylidae Megaceryle alcyonCoraciiformes Cerylidae Ceryle rudisCoraciiformes Cerylidae Chloroceryle amazonaCoraciiformes Cerylidae Chloroceryle americanaCoraciiformes Todidae Todus todusCoraciiformes Todidae Todus mexicanusCoraciiformes Todidae Todus subulatusCoraciiformes Meropidae Merops pusillusCoraciiformes Meropidae Merops orientalisCoraciiformes Meropidae Merops ornatusCoraciiformes Meropidae Merops apiasterCoraciiformes Coraciidae Eurystomus orientalisCoraciiformes Coraciidae Coracias caudatusCoraciiformes Coraciidae Coracias garrulusCoraciiformes Brachypteraciidae Brachypteracias leptosomusColiiformes Coliidae Urocolius indicusColiiformes Coliidae Urocolius macrourusColiiformes Coliidae Colius striatusCariamiformes Cariamidae Cariama cristataCariamiformes Cariamidae Chunga burmeisteri

FOSSIL Patagornis marshiFOSSIL Psilopterus lemoinei

FOSSIL Procariama simplexFOSSIL Llallawavis scagliai

Falconiformes Falconidae Herpetotheres cachinnansFalconiformes Falconidae Micrastur semitorquatusFalconiformes Falconidae Milvago chimangoFalconiformes Falconidae Phalcoboenus australisFalconiformes Falconidae Daptrius aterFalconiformes Falconidae Caracara cheriwayFalconiformes Falconidae Caracara plancusFalconiformes Falconidae Spiziapteryx circumcinctaFalconiformes Falconidae Microhierax erythrogenysFalconiformes Falconidae Polihierax semitorquatusFalconiformes Falconidae Falco naumanniFalconiformes Falconidae Falco tinnunculusFalconiformes Falconidae Falco cenchroidesFalconiformes Falconidae Falco moluccensisFalconiformes Falconidae Falco longipennisFalconiformes Falconidae Falco subbuteoFalconiformes Falconidae Falco eleonoraeFalconiformes Falconidae Falco rufigularisFalconiformes Falconidae Falco mexicanusFalconiformes Falconidae Falco subnigerFalconiformes Falconidae Falco rusticolusFalconiformes Falconidae Falco peregrinusFalconiformes Falconidae Falco berigoraFalconiformes Falconidae Falco sparveriusFalconiformes Falconidae Falco columbariusFalconiformes Falconidae Falco vespertinusPsittaciformes Strigopidae Nestor meridionalisPsittaciformes Strigopidae Nestor notabilisPsittaciformes Strigopidae Strigops habroptila

Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Nymphicus hollandicusPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Probosciger aterrimusPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua moluccensisPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua galeritaPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua sulphureaPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua albaPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua ophthalmicaPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua haematuropygiaPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua pastinatorPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua tenuirostrisPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua ducorpsiiPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua sanguineaPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Cacatua leadbeateriPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Callocephalon fimbriatumPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Eolophus roseicapilla

Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus latirostrisPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus baudiniiPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus funereus

Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus lathamiPsittaciformes Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus banksiiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Coracopsis nigraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Coracopsis vasaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittrichas fulgidusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacus erithacusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Poicephalus robustusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Poicephalus gulielmiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Poicephalus senegalusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Poicephalus meyeriPsittaciformes Psittacidae Poicephalus cryptoxanthusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psilopsiagon aymaraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Myiopsitta monachusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Brotogeris jugularisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Brotogeris chrysopteraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Brotogeris versicolurusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Brotogeris tiricaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrilia haematotisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrilia barrabandiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrilia caicaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Triclaria malachitaceaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Graydidascalus brachyurusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona ventralisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pionus maximilianiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pionus menstruusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pionus senilisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona farinosaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona vinaceaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona viridigenalisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona autumnalisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona amazonicaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona aestivaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona versicolorPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona ochrocephalaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona oratrixPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona auropalliataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona albifronsPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona leucocephalaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Amazona vittataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pionopsitta pileataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Touit purpuratusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Bolborhynchus lineolaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Nannopsittaca panychloraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Forpus cyanopygiusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Forpus passerinusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Forpus conspicillatusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Forpus coelestisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrrhura melanuraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrrhura frontalisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrrhura perlataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrrhura hoffmanniPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pyrrhura pictaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Enicognathus leptorhynchusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Enicognathus ferrugineusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga acuticaudataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Cyanoliseus patagonusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Rhynchopsitta pachyrhynchaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga pertinaxPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga nanaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Eupsitta canicularisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga aureaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga holochloraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga finschiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga chloropteraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga leucophthalmaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Cyanopsitta spixiiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Orthopsittaca manilataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Ara araraunaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Ara macaoPsittaciformes Psittacidae Ara militarisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Ara ambiguusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Ara severusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Ara chloropterusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Primolius maracanaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Primolius auricollisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga jandayaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga solstitialisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Nandayus nendayPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga weddelliiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Anodorhynchus hyacinthinusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Diopsittaca nobilisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Guarouba guaroubaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Deroptyus accipitrinusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pionites melanocephalusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pionites leucogasterPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula eupatriaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Tanygnathus lucionensisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula longicaudaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula derbianaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula alexandriPsittaciformes Psittacidae Geoffroyus geoffroyiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Tanygnathus megalorynchosPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula krameriPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula columboidesPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula cyanocephalaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Prioniturus platurusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Prioniturus montanusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Eclectus roratusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Aprosmictus erythropterusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Polytelis anthopeplusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Alisterus scapularisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Polytelis alexandraePsittaciformes Psittacidae Micropsitta pusioPsittaciformes Psittacidae Neophema pulchellaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Neophema splendidaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Neophema chrysostomaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Neophema petrophilaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Neophema elegansPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacella brehmiiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacella pictaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacella madarasziPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psittaculirostris edwardsiiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii Psittaciformes Psittacidae Cyclopsitta diophthalmaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Melopsittacus undulatusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Charmosyna papouPsittaciformes Psittacidae Vini australisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Phigys solitariusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Oreopsittacus arfakiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Neopsittacus pullicauda

Psittaciformes Psittacidae Charmosyna pulchella

Psittaciformes Psittacidae Pseudeos fuscataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Trichoglossus rubiginosus Psittaciformes Psittacidae Trichoglossus chlorolepidotusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Trichoglossus haematodusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Trichoglossus ornatusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Glossopsitta concinna

Psittaciformes Psittacidae Eos borneaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Eos squamataPsittaciformes Psittacidae Eos cyanogeniaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Chalcopsitta cardinalisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Chalcopsitta atraPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psitteuteles versicolorPsittaciformes Psittacidae Glossopsitta pusillaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Glossopsitta porphyrocephala

Psittaciformes Psittacidae Lorius loryPsittaciformes Psittacidae Lorius garrulus

Psittaciformes Psittacidae Neopsittacus musschenbroekiiPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis pullariusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis tarantaPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis canusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis roseicollisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis nigrigenisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis lilianaePsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis fischeriPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis personatusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Agapornis swindernianusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Bolbopsittacus lunulatusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Loriculus philippensisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Loriculus amabilisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Loriculus vernalisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Loriculus galgulusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Purpureicephalus spuriusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psephotus dissimilisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psephotus chrysopterygiusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psephotus variusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Barnardius zonariusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Platycercus caledonicusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Platycercus elegansPsittaciformes Psittacidae Psephotus haematonotusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Platycercus eximiusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Platycercus adscitusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Platycercus venustusPsittaciformes Psittacidae Platycercus icterotisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Northiella haematogasterPsittaciformes Psittacidae Lathamus discolorPsittaciformes Psittacidae Eunymphicus uvaeensisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Cyanoramphus auricepsPsittaciformes Psittacidae Cyanoramphus novaezelandiaePsittaciformes Psittacidae Cyanoramphus unicolorPsittaciformes Psittacidae Prosopeia splendens Psittaciformes Psittacidae Prosopeia tabuensisPsittaciformes Psittacidae Pezoporus wallicusPasseriformes Acanthisittidae Acanthisitta chlorisPasseriformes suboscines Eurylaimidae Corydon sumatranusPasseriformes suboscines Pittidae Pitta versicolorPasseriformes suboscines Pittidae Pitta maximaPasseriformes suboscines Pittidae Pitta sordidaPasseriformes suboscines Pittidae Pitta brachyuraPasseriformes suboscines Calyptomenidae Smithornis capensisPasseriformes suboscines Tityridae Tityra semifasciataPasseriformes suboscines Tityridae Tityra cayanaPasseriformes suboscines Tityridae Pachyramphus minorPasseriformes suboscines Tityridae Pachyramphus cinnamomeusPasseriformes suboscines Tityridae Pachyramphus polychopterusPasseriformes suboscines Tityridae Schiffornis turdinaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiobius barbatusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Onychorhynchus coronatusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Camptostoma obsoletumPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Stigmatura budytoidesPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Phaeomyias murinaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Mecocerculus leucophrysPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Pseudocolopteryx flaviventrisPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Contopus latirostrisPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Elaenia martinicaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Elaenia frantziiPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Elaenia albicepsPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiopagis cottaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiophobus fasciatusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Colonia colonusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Cnemotriccus fuscatusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Mitrephanes phaeocercusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Empidonax virescensPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Contopus cooperiPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Contopus virensPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Empidonax minimusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Sayornis sayaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Sayornis phoebePasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Sayornis nigricansPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Xolmis pyropePasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Xolmis iruperoPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Hymenops perspicillatusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Muscisaxicola alpinusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiarchus validusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiarchus stolidusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiarchus crinitusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiarchus tyrannulusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiarchus tuberculiferPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Machetornis rixosaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Pitangus sulphuratusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiozetetes similisPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Myiodynastes maculatusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Megarynchus pitanguaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Tyrannus tyrannusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Tyrannus forficatusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Tyrannus dominicensisPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Tyrannus savanaPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Legatus leucophaiusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Attila spadiceusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Platyrinchus mystaceusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Platyrinchus cancrominusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Pseudotriccus pelzelniPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Mionectes oleagineusPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Hemitriccus margaritaceiventerPasseriformes suboscines Tyrannidae Todirostrum cinereumPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Manacus candeiPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Manacus manacusPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Manacus vitellinus

Passeriformes suboscines Pipridae Pipra erythrocephalaPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Pipra mentalisPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Pipra pipraPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Pipra fasciicaudaPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Chiroxiphia linearisPasseriformes suboscines Pipridae Chiroxiphia caudataPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Rupicola peruvianusPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Perissocephalus tricolorPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Querula purpurataPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Cotinga cotingaPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Procnias nudicollisPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Gymnoderus foetidusPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Lipaugus vociferansPasseriformes suboscines Cotingidae Phytotoma rutilaPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Thamnomanes caesiusPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Dysithamnus mentalisPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Thamnophilus caerulescensPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Thamnophilus punctatusPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Sakesphorus luctuosusPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Taraba majorPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Cymbilaimus lineatusPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Cercomacra nigrescensPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Cercomacra tyranninaPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Hypocnemis cantatorPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Pithys albifronsPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Phaenostictus mcleannaniPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Willisornis poecilinotusPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Gymnopithys leucaspisPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Hylophylax naeviusPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Schistocichla leucostigmaPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Gymnocichla nudicepsPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Pyriglena leuconotaPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Myrmeciza exsulPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Myrmeciza nigricaudaPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Myrmeciza ferrugineaPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Formicivora griseaPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Myrmotherula axillarisPasseriformes suboscines Thamnophilidae Epinecrophylla fulviventrisPasseriformes suboscines Conopophagidae Conopophaga lineataPasseriformes suboscines Grallariidae Grallaria quitensisPasseriformes suboscines Rhinocryptidae Scytalopus unicolorPasseriformes suboscines Rhinocryptidae Rhinocrypta lanceolataPasseriformes suboscines Formicariidae Formicarius analisPasseriformes suboscines Formicariidae Formicarius colmaPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Sclerurus mexicanusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Geositta cuniculariaPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Xenops minutusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Phleocryptes melanopsPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Furnarius rufusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Cinclodes patagonicusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Cinclodes fuscusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Syndactyla guttulataPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Automolus ochrolaemusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Automolus infuscatusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Synallaxis brachyuraPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Certhiaxis cinnamomeusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Anumbius annumbiPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Coryphistera alaudinaPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Phacellodomus ruberPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Aphrastura spinicaudaPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Glyphorynchus spirurusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Sittasomus griseicapillusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Dendrocincla fuliginosaPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Xiphorhynchus guttatusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Campylorhamphus pusillusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Lepidocolaptes souleyetiiPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Lepidocolaptes affinisPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Dendroplex picusPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Dendrocolaptes certhiaPasseriformes suboscines Furnariidae Dendrocolaptes platyrostrisPasseriformes oscines Atrichornithidae Atrichornis clamosusPasseriformes oscines Menuridae Menura novaehollandiaePasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Chlamydera maculataPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Chlamydera nuchalisPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Ptilonorhynchus violaceusPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Sericulus chrysocephalusPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Ailuroedus crassirostrisPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Ailuroedus melanotisPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Amblyornis subalarisPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Amblyornis newtonianaPasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Amblyornis macgregoriaePasseriformes oscines Ptilonorhynchidae Scenopoeetes dentirostrisPasseriformes oscines Climacteridae Climacteris melanurusPasseriformes oscines Climacteridae Climacteris erythropsPasseriformes oscines Climacteridae Climacteris rufusPasseriformes oscines Climacteridae Cormobates leucophaeaPasseriformes oscines Dasyornithidae Dasyornis broadbentiPasseriformes oscines Dasyornithidae Dasyornis brachypterus Passeriformes oscines Pardalotidae Pardalotus punctatusPasseriformes oscines Pardalotidae Pardalotus striatusPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Gerygone magnirostrisPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Gerygone flavolateralisPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Gerygone fuscaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Gerygone hypoxanthaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Gerygone chloronotaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Aphelocephala nigricinctaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Aphelocephala leucopsisPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza lineataPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza nanaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza chrysorrhoaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza inornataPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza reguloidesPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza uropygialisPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza pusillaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Acanthiza ewingiiPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Sericornis citreogularisPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Sericornis perspicillatusPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Sericornis magnirostraPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Sericornis frontalisPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Crateroscelis nigrorufaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Crateroscelis robustusPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Origma solitariaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Pycnoptilus floccosusPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Pyrrholaemus sagittatusPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Pyrrholaemus brunneusPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Calamanthus campestrisPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Calamanthus fuliginosusPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Hylacola pyrrhopygiaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Hylacola cautaPasseriformes oscines Acanthizidae Smicrornis brevirostrisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Epthianura tricolorPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Meliphaga notataPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Meliphaga lewiniiPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Meliphaga gracilisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus hindwoodiPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus frenatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Acanthagenys rufogularisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Anthochaera phrygiaPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Anthochaera carunculataPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus cratitiusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus melanopsPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Melidectes belfordiPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Manorina flavigulaPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Manorina melanocephalaPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Manorina melanophrysPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Purnella albifronsPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus chrysopsPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus unicolorPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus versicolorPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus ornatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus penicillatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus flavusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus flavescensPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus fuscusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus plumulusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus keartlandiPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Certhionyx variegatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Ashbyia lovensisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Epthianura aurifronsPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Epthianura albifronsPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Ramsayornis modestusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Conopophila albogularisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Conopophila rufogularisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Melipotes fumigatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Macgregoria pulchraPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Gliciphila melanopsPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Ptiloprora guiseiPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichenostomus leucotisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Entomyzon cyanotisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Melithreptus brevirostrisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Melithreptus validirostrisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Melithreptus lunatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Melithreptus albogularisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Foulehaio carunculatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Cissomela pectoralisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Phylidonyris nigerPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Phylidonyris novaehollandiaePasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Trichodere cockerelliPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Lichmera indistinctaPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Plectorhyncha lanceolataPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Grantiella pictaPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Xanthotis macleayanusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Xanthotis flaviventerPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Philemon citreogularisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Philemon buceroidesPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Philemon corniculatusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Philemon diemenensisPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Philemon argenticepsPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Sugomel nigerPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Myzomela obscuraPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Myzomela sanguinolentaPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Acanthorhynchus superciliosusPasseriformes oscines Meliphagidae Acanthorhynchus tenuirostrisPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Amytornis goyderiPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Stipiturus malachurusPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus elegansPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus pulcherrimusPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus lambertiPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus cyaneusPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus splendensPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus coronatusPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus leucopterusPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus alboscapulatusPasseriformes oscines Maluridae Malurus melanocephalusPasseriformes oscines Orthonychidae Orthonyx spaldingiiPasseriformes oscines Orthonychidae Orthonyx temminckiiPasseriformes oscines Artamidae Artamus cyanopterusPasseriformes oscines Artamidae Artamus leucorynchusPasseriformes oscines Artamidae Artamus minorPasseriformes oscines Artamidae Artamus cinereusPasseriformes oscines Artamidae Artamus maximusPasseriformes oscines Artamidae Artamus superciliosusPasseriformes oscines Artamidae Artamus personatusPasseriformes oscines Cracticidae Gymnorhina tibicenPasseriformes oscines Cracticidae Cracticus quoyiPasseriformes oscines Cracticidae Cracticus nigrogularisPasseriformes oscines Cracticidae Strepera versicolorPasseriformes oscines Cracticidae Strepera fuliginosaPasseriformes oscines Cracticidae Strepera graculinaPasseriformes oscines Aegithinidae Aegithina tiphiaPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Rhagologus leucostigmaPasseriformes oscines Malaconotidae Dryoscopus cublaPasseriformes oscines Malaconotidae Tchagra australisPasseriformes oscines Malaconotidae Malaconotus cruentusPasseriformes oscines Malaconotidae Telophorus zeylonusPasseriformes oscines Malaconotidae Laniarius erythrogasterPasseriformes oscines Prionopidae Tephrodornis pondicerianusPasseriformes oscines Prionopidae Prionops plumatusPasseriformes oscines Platysteiridae Bias musicusPasseriformes oscines Platysteiridae Batis capensisPasseriformes oscines Platysteiridae Platysteira cyaneaPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Pericrocotus ethologusPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Coracina maximaPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Coracina caledonicaPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Coracina papuensisPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Campephaga phoeniceaPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Lalage tricolorPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Lalage sueuriiPasseriformes oscines Campephagidae Coracina tenuirostrisPasseriformes oscines Dicruridae Dicrurus hottentottusPasseriformes oscines Dicruridae Dicrurus bracteatusPasseriformes oscines Corcoracidae Struthidea cinereaPasseriformes oscines Corcoracidae Corcorax melanorhamphosPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Hypothymis azureaPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Terpsiphone atrocaudata

Passeriformes oscines Monarchidae Myiagra cyanoleucaPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Myiagra caledonica

Passeriformes oscines Monarchidae Myiagra rubeculaPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Myiagra inquietaPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Myiagra alecto

Passeriformes oscines Monarchidae Grallina cyanoleucaPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Grallina buijniPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Arses telescophthalmusPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Symposiachrus guttulaPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Symposiachrus trivirgatusPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Carterornis leucotisPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Monarcha melanopsisPasseriformes oscines Monarchidae Clytorhynchus pachycephaloidesPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Microeca fascinansPasseriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Lycocorax pyrrhopterus

Passeriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Ptiloris victoriaePasseriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Ptiloris paradiseusPasseriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Ptiloris magnificusPasseriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Lophorina superba

Passeriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Parotia lawesiiPasseriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Cicinnurus regiusPasseriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Seleucidis melanoleucusPasseriformes oscines Paradisaeidae Pteridophora alberti

Passeriformes oscines Eupetidae Ifrita kowaldiPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Podoces hendersoniPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Pica picaPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus ossifragusPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus frugilegusPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus macrorhynchosPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus moneduloidesPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus bennettiPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus orruPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus melloriPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus coronoidesPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus albusPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus coraxPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus cryptoleucusPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus coronePasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus caurinusPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus brachyrhynchosPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus monedulaPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Corvus dauuricusPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Gymnorhinus cyanocephalusPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Aphelocoma coerulescensPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Aphelocoma ultramarinaPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Cyanocitta stelleriPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Cyanocitta cristataPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Cyanocorax affinisPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Cyanocorax morioPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Perisoreus canadensisPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Cissa chinensisPasseriformes oscines Corvidae Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocoraxPasseriformes oscines Laniidae Eurocephalus anguitimensPasseriformes oscines Laniidae Lanius ludovicianusPasseriformes oscines Laniidae Lanius senatorPasseriformes oscines Laniidae Lanius collurioPasseriformes oscines Laniidae Lanius cristatusPasseriformes oscines Rhipiduridae Rhipidura leucophrysPasseriformes oscines Rhipiduridae Rhipidura atraPasseriformes oscines Rhipiduridae Rhipidura fuscorufaPasseriformes oscines Rhipiduridae Rhipidura rufiventrisPasseriformes oscines Rhipiduridae Rhipidura rufifronsPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Oreoica gutturalisPasseriformes oscines Neosittidae Daphoenositta chrysopteraPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Colluricincla megarhynchaPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Colluricincla harmonicaPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pitohui ferrugineusPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pachycephala rufogularisPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pachycephala olivaceaPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pachycephala simplexPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pachycephala rufiventrisPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pachycephala pectoralisPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pitohui nigrescensPasseriformes oscines Cinclosomatidae Ptilorrhoa caerulescensPasseriformes oscines Cinclosomatidae Cinclosoma cinnamomeumPasseriformes oscines Cinclosomatidae Cinclosoma punctatumPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Falcunculus frontatusPasseriformes oscines Paramythiidae Oreocharis arfakiPasseriformes oscines Psophodidae Psophodes occidentalisPasseriformes oscines Psophodidae Psophodes cristatusPasseriformes oscines Psophodidae Psophodes olivaceusPasseriformes oscines Vireonidae Pteruthius flaviscapisPasseriformes oscines Vireonidae Cyclarhis gujanensisPasseriformes oscines Vireonidae Vireo griseusPasseriformes oscines Vireonidae Vireo altiloquusPasseriformes oscines Vireonidae Vireo olivaceusPasseriformes oscines Vireonidae Vireo magisterPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Pitohui dichrousPasseriformes oscines Oriolidae Sphecotheres viridisPasseriformes oscines Oriolidae Oriolus sagittatusPasseriformes oscines Oriolidae Oriolus flavocinctusPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Mohoua novaeseelandiaePasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Mohoua albicillaPasseriformes oscines Notiomystidae Notiomystis cinctaPasseriformes oscines Pachycephalidae Mohoua ochrocephalaPasseriformes oscines Melanocharitidae Toxorhamphus poliopterusPasseriformes oscines Melanocharitidae Melanocharis nigraPasseriformes oscines Melanocharitidae Melanocharis striativentrisPasseriformes oscines Melanocharitidae Rhamphocharis crassirostrisPasseriformes oscines Melanocharitidae Oedistoma iliolophusPasseriformes oscines Ptilogonatidae Phainopepla nitensPasseriformes oscines Bombycillidae Bombycilla garrulusPasseriformes oscines Bombycillidae Bombycilla cedrorumPasseriformes oscines Dulidae Dulus dominicusPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Psalidoprocne albicepsPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Cheramoeca leucosternaPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Delichon urbicumPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Petrochelidon fulvaPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Petrochelidon arielPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Hirundo neoxenaPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Hirundo rusticaPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Hirundo nigritaPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Stelgidopteryx ruficollisPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Progne subisPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Pygochelidon cyanoleucaPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Riparia ripariaPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Tachycineta bicolorPasseriformes oscines Hirundinidae Tachycineta thalassinaPasseriformes oscines Phylloscopidae Phylloscopus sibilatrixPasseriformes oscines Phylloscopidae Phylloscopus bonelliPasseriformes oscines Aegithalidae Psaltriparus minimusPasseriformes oscines Aegithalidae Aegithalos concinnusPasseriformes oscines Cettiidae Abroscopus albogularisPasseriformes oscines Pycnonotidae Phyllastrephus terrestrisPasseriformes oscines Pycnonotidae Atimastillas flavicollisPasseriformes oscines Pycnonotidae Hypsipetes philippinusPasseriformes oscines Pycnonotidae Alophoixus pallidusPasseriformes oscines Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus jocosusPasseriformes oscines Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus barbatusPasseriformes oscines Timaliidae Macronous gularisPasseriformes oscines Timaliidae Stachyris whiteheadiPasseriformes oscines Timaliidae Pomatorhinus ruficollisPasseriformes oscines Pellorneidae Alcippe nipalensisPasseriformes oscines Leiothrichidae Garrulax elliotiiPasseriformes oscines Leiothrichidae Leiothrix luteaPasseriformes oscines Leiothrichidae Minla ignotinctaPasseriformes oscines Leiothrichidae Heterophasia melanoleucaPasseriformes oscines Leiothrichidae Turdoides jardineiiPasseriformes oscines Leiothrichidae Babax lanceolatusPasseriformes oscines Pellorneidae Illadopsis fulvescensPasseriformes oscines Zosteropidae Yuhina diademataPasseriformes oscines Zosteropidae Zosterops japonicusPasseriformes oscines Zosteropidae Zosterops lateralisPasseriformes oscines Sylviidae Chamaea fasciataPasseriformes oscines Sylviidae Sylvia borinPasseriformes oscines Sylviidae Sylvia atricapillaPasseriformes oscines Acrocephalidae Hippolais icterinaPasseriformes oscines Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus schoenobaenusPasseriformes oscines Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus arundinaceusPasseriformes oscines Cisticolidae Apalis binotataPasseriformes oscines Cisticolidae Apalis thoracicaPasseriformes oscines Cisticolidae Prinia leucopogonPasseriformes oscines Cisticolidae Cisticola cherinaPasseriformes oscines Cisticolidae Cisticola fulvicapillaPasseriformes oscines Cisticolidae Cisticola exilisPasseriformes oscines Donacobiidae Donacobius atricapillaPasseriformes oscines Locustellidae Cincloramphus mathewsiPasseriformes oscines Locustellidae Megalurus palustrisPasseriformes oscines Locustellidae Cincloramphus cruralisPasseriformes oscines Locustellidae Megalurus gramineusPasseriformes oscines Locustellidae Locustella luscinioidesPasseriformes oscines Alaudidae Chersomanes albofasciataPasseriformes oscines Alaudidae Calandrella acutirostrisPasseriformes oscines Alaudidae Galerida cristataPasseriformes oscines Alaudidae Alauda arvensisPasseriformes oscines Alaudidae Eremophila alpestrisPasseriformes oscines Alaudidae Mirafra javanicaPasseriformes oscines Nicatoridae Nicator chlorisPasseriformes oscines Paridae Poecile hudsonicusPasseriformes oscines Paridae Poecile carolinensisPasseriformes oscines Paridae Poecile atricapillusPasseriformes oscines Paridae Poecile gambeliPasseriformes oscines Paridae Baeolophus bicolorPasseriformes oscines Remizidae Auriparus flavicepsPasseriformes oscines Stenostiridae Culicicapa heliantheaPasseriformes oscines Regulidae Regulus satrapaPasseriformes oscines Regulidae Regulus calendulaPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Copsychus saularisPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Cercotrichas coryphaeusPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Alethe diademataPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Vauriella gularisPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Muscicapa striataPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Sigelus silensPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Cyornis rubeculoidesPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Erithacus rubeculaPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Cossypha caffraPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Monticola saxatilisPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Phoenicurus fuliginosusPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Phoenicurus phoenicurusPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Saxicola torquatusPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Oenanthe oenanthePasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Enicurus scouleriPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Brachypteryx montanaPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Cinclidium leucurumPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Ficedula albicollisPasseriformes oscines Cinclidae Cinclus mexicanusPasseriformes oscines Muscicapidae Luscinia megarhynchosPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Sialia sialisPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Sialia mexicanaPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Myadestes townsendiPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Myadestes genibarbisPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Ixoreus naeviusPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Hylocichla mustelinaPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Catharus fuscescensPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Catharus guttatusPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Zoothera lunulataPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Zoothera heineiPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Turdus philomelosPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Turdus pallidusPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Turdus migratoriusPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Turdus lherminieriPasseriformes oscines Turdidae Turdus merulaPasseriformes oscines Mimidae Toxostoma rufumPasseriformes oscines Mimidae Toxostoma curvirostrePasseriformes oscines Mimidae Mimus polyglottosPasseriformes oscines Mimidae Melanoptila glabrirostrisPasseriformes oscines Mimidae Dumetella carolinensisPasseriformes oscines Mimidae Margarops fuscusPasseriformes oscines Mimidae Margarops fuscatusPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Scissirostrum dubiumPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Aplonis atrifuscaPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Aplonis metallicaPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Sarcops calvusPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Gracula religiosaPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Mino dumontiiPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Poeoptera lugubrisPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Lamprotornis purpureusPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Onychognathus salvadoriiPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Cinnyricinclus leucogasterPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Sturnus vulgarisPasseriformes oscines Sturnidae Acridotheres tristisPasseriformes oscines Polioptilidae Polioptila caeruleaPasseriformes oscines Polioptilidae Polioptila melanuraPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Campylorhynchus brunneicapillusPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Campylorhynchus griseusPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Thryomanes bewickiiPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Thryothorus ludovicianusPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Henicorhina leucostictaPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Cyphorhinus aradaPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Cistothorus palustrisPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Troglodytes aedonPasseriformes oscines Troglodytidae Salpinctes obsoletusPasseriformes oscines Certhiidae Certhia familiarisPasseriformes oscines Sittidae Sitta carolinensisPasseriformes oscines Sittidae Sitta canadensisPasseriformes oscines Sittidae Sitta pygmaeaPasseriformes oscines Nectariniidae Aethopyga nipalensisPasseriformes oscines Nectariniidae Anthreptes malacensisPasseriformes oscines Nectariniidae Cyanomitra olivaceaPasseriformes oscines Nectariniidae Anthobaphes violaceaPasseriformes oscines Nectariniidae Cinnyris jugularisPasseriformes oscines Nectariniidae Leptocoma calcostethaPasseriformes oscines Nectariniidae Arachnothera longirostraPasseriformes oscines Dicaeidae Prionochilus plateniPasseriformes oscines Dicaeidae Dicaeum hirundinaceumPasseriformes oscines Dicaeidae Dicaeum aeruginosumPasseriformes oscines Prunellidae Prunella modularis

Passeriformes oscines Ploceidae Plocepasser mahali

Passeriformes oscines Ploceidae Ploceus melanocephalusPasseriformes oscines Ploceidae Foudia madagascariensisPasseriformes oscines Ploceidae Euplectes orixPasseriformes oscines Ploceidae Bubalornis albirostrisPasseriformes oscines Ploceidae Ploceus cucullatusPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Poephila personataPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Poephila acuticaudaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Poephila cinctaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Taeniopygia guttataPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Taeniopygia bichenoviiPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Neochmia ruficaudaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Neochmia phaetonPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Stagonopleura bellaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Lonchura cucullataPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Lonchura oryzivoraPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Lonchura malaccaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Amadina fasciataPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Erythrura trichroaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Erythrura gouldiaePasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Estrilda melpodaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Estrilda caerulescensPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Pytilia melbaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Spermophaga haematinaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Amandava amandavaPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Uraeginthus bengalusPasseriformes oscines Estrildidae Lagonosticta senegalaPasseriformes oscines Viduidae Vidua paradisaeaPasseriformes oscines Passeridae Passer hispaniolensisPasseriformes oscines Passeridae Passer domesticusPasseriformes oscines Passeridae Passer montanusPasseriformes oscines Motacillidae Anthus novaeseelandiaePasseriformes oscines Motacillidae Motacilla flavaPasseriformes oscines Motacillidae Motacilla albaPasseriformes oscines Motacillidae Anthus trivialisPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Fringilla teydeaPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Fringilla coelebsPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Fringilla montifringilla

Passeriformes oscines Fringillidae Pinicola enucleatorPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Carpodacus purpureusPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Carpodacus mexicanusPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Acanthis flammeaPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Loxia curvirostraPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Loxia leucopteraPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Carduelis carduelisPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Serinus canariaPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Spinus tristisPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Spinus pinusPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Serinus flaviventris

Passeriformes oscines Fringillidae Euphonia jamaicaPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Chlorophonia cyaneaPasseriformes oscines Fringillidae Coccothraustes vespertinus

Passeriformes oscines Parulidae Seiurus aurocapillaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Geothlypis trichasPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Oreothlypis peregrinaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Oreothlypis ruficapillaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Setophaga citrinaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Setophaga petechiaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Setophaga caerulescensPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Setophaga coronataPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Setophaga americanaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Setophaga ruticillaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Myiothlypis fulvicaudaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Basileuterus culicivorusPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Myioborus pictusPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Cardellina rubrifronsPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Helmitheros vermivorumPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Mniotilta variaPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Limnothlypis swainsoniiPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Protonotaria citreaPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Dolichonyx oryzivorusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Xanthocephalus xanthocephalusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Sturnella neglectaPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Cacicus celaPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Psarocolius montezumaPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Agelaius phoeniceusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Molothrus oryzivorusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Molothrus aterPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Pseudoleistes virescensPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Agelaioides badiusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Gnorimopsar chopiPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Curaeus curaeusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Amblyramphus holosericeusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Quiscalus quisculaPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Quiscalus majorPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Quiscalus mexicanusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Euphagus cyanocephalusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Euphagus carolinusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Dives divesPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Amblycercus holosericeusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Icterus spuriusPasseriformes oscines Icteridae Icterus galbulaPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Spindalis zenaPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Phaenicophilus palmarumPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Nesospingus speculiferusPasseriformes oscines Parulidae Icteria virensPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Emberiza hortulanaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Emberiza spodocephalaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Arremonops conirostrisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Ammodramus savannarumPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Chlorospingus ophthalmicusPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Chlorospingus parvirostrisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Amphispiza bilineataPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Calamospiza melanocorysPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Arremon brunneinuchaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Arremon aurantiirostrisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Spizella arboreaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Passerella cyaneaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Zonotrichia leucophrysPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Zonotrichia atricapillaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Junco hyemalisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Pooecetes gramineusPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Melospiza georgianaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Passerculus sandwichensisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Pipilo erythrophthalmusPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Pheucticus ludovicianusPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Habia fuscicaudaPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Chlorothraupis carmioliPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Caryothraustes poliogasterPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Cardinalis cardinalisPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Piranga rubraPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Piranga leucopteraPasseriformes oscines Cardinalidae Spiza americanaPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Hemithraupis guiraPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Saltator maximusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Rhodinocichla roseaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Poospiza nigrorufaPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Tersina viridisPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Dacnis cayanaPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Cyanerpes cyaneusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Ramphocelus flammigerusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Ramphocelus carboPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Coryphospingus cucullatusPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Rhodospingus cruentusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Tachyphonus delatriiPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Trichothraupis melanopsPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Volatinia jacarinaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Acanthidops cassiniiPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Sicalis flaveolaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Phrygilus patagonicusPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Oryzoborus angolensisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Sporophila americanaPasseriformes oscines Coerebidae Coereba flaveolaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Tiaris olivaceusPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Loxigilla violaceaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Melopyrrha nigraPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Euneornis campestrisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Loxipasser anoxanthusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Iridosornis rufivertexPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Anisognathus somptuosusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Thraupis episcopusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Tangara cyanicollisPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Diuca diucaPasseriformes oscines Emberizidae Paroaria coronataPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Cissopis leverianusPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Schistochlamys melanopisPasseriformes oscines Thraupidae Mitrospingus cassiniiPasseriformes oscines Calcariidae Calcarius lapponicusPasseriformes oscines Calcariidae Plectrophenax nivalisPasseriformes oscines Chloropseidae Chloropsis palawanensisPasseriformes oscines Irenidae Irena puellaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Microeca papuanaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Drymodes brunneopygiaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Poecilodryas cerviniventrisPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Poecilodryas superciliosaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Poecilodryas placens Passeriformes oscines Petroicidae Poecilodryas albonata Passeriformes oscines Petroicidae Heteromyias albispecularisPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Eopsaltria pulverulentaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Peneothello cyanusPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Melanodryas vittataPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Melanodryas cucullataPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Eopsaltria griseogularisPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Eopsaltria australisPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Eopsaltria georgianaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Tregellasia leucopsPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Tregellasia capitoPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Microeca flavigasterPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Amalocichla incertaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Pachycephalopsis poliosomaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Petroica macrocephalaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Petroica roseaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Petroica rodinogasterPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Petroica phoeniceaPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Petroica multicolorPasseriformes oscines Petroicidae Petroica goodenoviiPasseriformes oscines Cnemophilidae Cnemophilus loriaePasseriformes oscines Pomatostomidae Pomatostomus isidoreiPasseriformes oscines Pomatostomidae Pomatostomus ruficepsPasseriformes oscines Pomatostomidae Pomatostomus halliPasseriformes oscines Pomatostomidae Pomatostomus temporalis

Figure S2. Comparison of Alternate Models, Related to Figure 1.

(A+B) Comparison of the best-fit model identified in this study with an alternative model

adjusted to accommodate a shift along the lineage immediately ancestral to crown birds. For

visual clarity branch lengths were adjusted and thus do not represent time. (C+D) Exploration of

the impact of including fossil taxa, comparing primary results with analyses sampling only extant

taxa. Branch lengths represent time. Colors correspond to the grades identified in Figure 1.

A Best-fit Model

Corvidae (crows, ravens, and allies)other Oscines (songbirds)Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds)Suboscines (suboscine perching birds)Psittaciformes (parrots)Falconiformes (falcons)Cariamiformes (seriemas)Coraciiformes (rollers and allies)Picidae (woodpeckers)other PiciformesBucerotiformes (hornbills)Strigiformes (owls)Acciptriformes (hawks and allies)Aequornithia (waterbirds)Gruiformes (cranes and allies)other Charadriiformes (shorebirds)core Scolopaci (sandpipers and allies)core Lari (gulls and allies)Turnicidae (buttonquail)Apodifomes (swifts and hummingbirds)Cursorimorphae (cuckoos and allies)Columbimorphae (doves and pigeons)Phoenicopterimorphae (grebes + flamingos)Anseriformes (waterfowl)Galliformes (landfowl)Rheiformes (rhea)Apterygiformes (kiwi)Casuariiformes (emu + cassowary)Tinamiformes (tinamou)Dinornithiformes (moa)Struthioniformes (ostrich)

Archaeopteryx lithographicaunnamed troodontidZanabazar junior

Tsaagan mangasConchoraptor gracilisKhaan mckennai

Citipati osmolskaeIncisivosaurus gauthieri

Erlikosaurus andrewsiStruthiomimus altusTyrannosaurus rexAlioramus altai

Acrocanthosaurus atokensis

Related to STAR Methods.

B Adjusted best-fit (shift at crown birds)

Psittaciformes (parrots)Falconiformes (falcons)Cariamiformes (seriemas)Coraciiformes (rollers and allies)Picidae (woodpeckers)other PiciformesBucerotiformes (hornbills)Strigiformes (owls)Acciptriformes (hawks and allies)Aequornithia (waterbirds)Gruiformes (cranes and allies)other Charadriiformes (shorebirds)core Scolopaci (sandpipers and allies)core Lari (gulls and allies)Turnicidae (buttonquail)Apodifomes (swifts and hummingbirds)Cursorimorphae (cuckoos and allies)Columbimorphae (doves and pigeons)Phoenicopterimorphae (grebes + flamingos)Anseriformes (waterfowl)Galliformes (landfowl)Rheiformes (rhea)Apterygiformes (kiwi)Casuariiformes (emu + cassowary)Tinamiformes (tinamou)Dinornithiformes (moa)Struthioniformes (ostrich)

Archaeopteryx lithographicaunnamed troodontidZanabazar junior

Tsaagan mangasConchoraptor gracilisKhaan mckennai

Citipati osmolskaeIncisivosaurus gauthieri

Erlikosaurus andrewsiStruthiomimus altusTyrannosaurus rexAlioramus altai

Acrocanthosaurus atokensis

Corvidae (crows, ravens, and allies)other Oscines (songbirds)Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds)Suboscines (suboscine perching birds)Psittaciformes (parrots)Falconiformes (falcons)Cariamiformes (seriemas)Coraciiformes (rollers and allies)Picidae (woodpeckers)other PiciformesBucerotiformes (hornbills)Strigiformes (owls)Acciptriformes (hawks and allies)Aequornithia (waterbirds)Gruiformes (cranes and allies)other Charadriiformes (shorebirds)core Scolopaci (sandpipers and allies)core Lari (gulls and allies)Turnidae (buttonquail)Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)Cursorimorphae (cuckoos and allies)Columbimorphae (doves and pigeons)Phoenicopterimorphae (grebes + flamingos)Anseriformes (waterfowl)Galliformes (landfowl)Rheiformes (rhea)Apterygiformes (kiwi)Casuariiformes (emu + cassowary)Tinamiformes (tinamou)Dinornithiformes (moa)Struthioniformes (ostrich)

Archaeopteryx lithographicaunnamed troodontid

Zanabazar juniorTsaagan mangasConchoraptor gracilis

Khaan mckennaiCitipati osmolskae

Incisivosaurus gauthieriErlikosaurus andrewsi

Struthiomimus altusTyrannosaurus rexAlioramus altai

Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Lorem ipsum

150 100 50 0

C Best-fit (fossils included)

Corvidae (crows, ravens, and allies)other Oscines (songrbids)Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds)Suboscines (suboscine perching birds)Psittaciformes (parrots)Falconiformes (falcons)Cariamiformes (seriemas)Coraciiformes (rollers and allies)Picidae(woodpeckers and allies)other PiciformesBucerotiformes (hornbills)Strigiformes (owls)Acciptriformes (hawks and allies)Aequornithia (waterbirds)Gruiformes (cranes and allies)other Charadriiformes (shorebirds)core Scolopaci (sandpipers and allies)core Lari (gulls and allies)Turnidae (buttonquail)Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)Cursorimorphae (cuckoos and allies)Columbimorphae (doves and pigeons)Phoenicopterimorphae (grebes + flamingos)Anseriformes (waterfowl)Galliformes (landfowl)Rheiformes (rhea)Apterygiformes (kiwi)Casuariiformes (emu + cassowary)Tinamiformes (tinamou)Dinornithiformes (moa)Struthioniformes (ostrich)

100 80 60 40 20 0

D Best-fit (extant taxa only)

Corvidae (crows, ravens, and allies)other Oscines (songbirds)Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds)

Psittaciformes (parrots)Suboscines (suboscine perching birds)

Figure S3. Comparison of Alternate Models, Related to Figure 1.

Overview of scenarios used in rate comparison tests. (A+B) The ‘early versus late’ scenario

compares the earliest-branching crown bird clades (Palaeognathae and Galloanserae) against

Neoaves (excluding corvids). Branch lengths represent time. Colors correspond to the grades

identified in Figure 1.

B Early versus late radiating clades

Corvidae (crows, ravens, and allies)other Oscines (songbirds)Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds)Suboscines (suboscine perching birds)Psittaciformes (parrots)Falconiformes (falcons)Cariamiformes (seriemas)Coraciiformes (rollers and allies)Picidae (woodpeckers)other PiciformesBucerotiformes (hornbills)Strigiformes (owls)Acciptriformes (hawks and allies)Aequornithia (waterbirds)Gruiformes (cranes and allies)other Charadriiformes (shorebirds)core Scolopaci (sandpipers and allies)core Lari (gulls and allies)Turnidae (buttonquail)Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds) Cursorimorphae (cuckoos and allies)Columbimorphae (doves and pigeons)Phoenicopterimorphae (grebes + flamingos)Anseriformes (waterfowl)Galliformes (landfowl)Rheiformes (rhea)Apterygiformes (kiwi)Casuariiformes (emu + cassowary)Tinamiformes (tinamou)Dinornithiformes (moa)Struthioniformes (ostrich)

Archaeopteryx lithographicaunnamed troodontid

Zanabazar juniorTsaagan mangasConchoraptor gracilis

Khaan mckennaiCitipati osmolskae

Incisivosaurus gauthieriErlikosaurus andrewsi

Struthiomimus altusTyrannosaurus rexAlioramus altai

Acrocanthosaurus atokensis

Corvidae (crows, ravens, and allies)other Oscines (songbirds)Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds)Suboscines (suboscine perching birds)Psittaciformes (parrots)Falconiformes (falcons)Cariamiformes (seriemas)Coraciiformes (rollers and allies)Picidae (woodpeckers)other PiciformesBucerotiformes (hornbills)Strigiformes (owls)Acciptriformes (hawks and allies)Aequornithia (waterbirds)Gruiformes (cranes and allies)other Charadriiformes (shorebirds)core Scolopaci (sandpipers and allies)core Lari (gulls and allies)Turnidae (buttonquail)Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)Cursorimorphae (cuckoos and allies)Columbimorphae (doves and pigeons)Phoenicopterimorphae (grebes + flamingos)Anseriformes (waterfowl)Galliformes (landfowl)Rheiformes (rhea)Apterygiformes (kiwi)Casuariiformes (emu + cassowary)Tinamiformes (tinamou)Dinornithiformes (moa)Struthioniformes (ostrich)

Archaeopteryx lithographicaunnamed troodontid

Zanabazar juniorTsaagan mangasConchoraptor gracilis

Khaan mckennaiCitipati osmolskae

Incisivosaurus gauthieriErlikosaurus andrewsi

Struthiomimus altusTyrannosaurus rexAlioramus altai

Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Lorem ipsum

150 100 50 0

A Combined tree: best−fit

150 100 50 0

AIC Δ AICw Paraves including early birds (grey) 39.91 >0.99 Dinornithiformes: moa 20.18 >0.99 Apterygiformes: kiwi 7.05 0.97 Anseriformes: waterfowl 83.17 >0.99 “Intermediate” Neoaves 7.67 0.98 Apodiformes: swifts & hummingbirds 17.58 >0.99 Charadriiformes (part): sandpipers & buttonquail

17.34 >0.99

Charadriiformes (part): other shorebirds 7.77 0.98 Aequornithia: waterbirds 16.01 >0.99 Birds of prey: hawks, falcons, seriemas 13.51 >0.99 Strigiformes: owls 3.34 0.84 Coraciimorphae: rollers & allies 35.15 >0.99 Picidae: woodpeckers 19.37 >0.99 Psittaciformes: parrots 57.62 >0.99 Passeriformes: passerines 100.57 >0.99 Ptilonorhynchidae: bowerbirds 5.74 0.95 Corvidae: crows and ravens 13.12 >0.99

Table S1. pANCOVA Fit Testing, Related to STAR Methods.

pANCOVA Maximum Likelihood modeling analysis to test whether each grade contributes

significantly to the overall fit of the model. In this analysis each identified monophyletic grade

was removed from the analysis and its statistical fit (using AIC) was compared to the complete

model. Results indicate the support for the complete model. In each instance, there is significant

support for the complete model. This means that for each grade, there is significant statistical

support for its inclusion.

Fossil Extant

Early v Late 1.88*** 1.56***

Early v Late v Corvids 2.11*** 1.75***

Table S2. Rate Ratio Tests, Related to STAR Methods.

Rate ratio comparisons and associated P-values among grades indicated in the trees of Figures

S2 and S3. Rates of evolution were calculated on pGLS residuals, hereby measuring the strength

of allometric integration. The rate ratio is a ratio of the rate observed in the earlier radiating

group (Palaeognathae and Galloanserae; ‘Early’) relative to the rate observed in later radiating

group (Neoaves; ‘Late’). Significance testing was attained using permutation analysis.

Considering the high rate in corvids, separate tests were included when considering corvids as a

distinct group (i.e. excluding corvids from ‘Late’ and considering them separately). Fossil results

are from trees including all taxa, extant results are from trees including extant taxa only. P-values

indicated by asterisks: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

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