FSPM07 1

Ten years of FSPM

R. Sievänen

FSPM07 2

Outline

Meetings

Why? - historical background

Scientific specialty

What next?

FSPM07 3

1) The Helsinki Workshop on Functional- Structural Tree ModelsDecember 12-13, 1996 Helsinki Finland

Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 3, 1997

2) Second International Workshop on Functional-Structural Tree Models

12-15 OCTOBER 1998, CLERMONT-FERRAND, FranceAnnals of Forest Science vol. 57 no. 5/6 2000

3) Third International Workshop on Functional-Structural Tree and Stand Models

September 27-30, 2001, Val-Morin (Québec), Canada

4) 4TH International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models

07-11 June 2004, Montpellier, France

New Phytologist vol. 166 no. 3, 2005

5 ) 5th International Workshop on Functional Structural Plant Models,

November 4-9, 2007, Napier, New ZealandFunctional Plant Biology vol. 35, no. 5, 2008

FSPM07 4

Sizes of meetings

FSPM07 5

Different kinds of contributions (only oral presentations)

FSPM07 6

Subject areas covered (only oral presentations)

FSPM07 7

Four directions: from the 70!s - not a review

1) Process-based models - resource related research

2) Shoot population models

3) Plant architecture

4) The algorithmic approach

Why?

FSPM07 8

Process-based models

Example: Thornley!s transport-conversion model

It became evident early on that structure of the growing plant is

needed in such models (for allocation of growth) !assumptions, functions about structure, e.g. pipe model

FSPM07 9

Process-based models - pipe model

Proportional cross-sectional areas: Ar ∝ As ∝ Ab ∝ Af

Lengths of of “pipes” : L

⇒ allocation of growth to different parts of the tree

1D tree architecture

Ar

As

Ab

Af

L

Valentine(1988)

FSPM07 10

Studies inspired by John Harper!s book Population Biology of Plants (1977)

Shoot population models

FSPM07 11

“the [tree] crown is assumed to be a population of branches or shoots. ... growth and

development of the crown could be analysed on the basis of the birth and death of such units”

(Kellomäki and Väisänen 1988

Shoot population models

FSPM07 12

Shoot population models

Contain the basics needed for connecting the structure and function

Kellomäki & Strandman (1995)

FSPM07 13

Plant architecture

Hallé, Oldeman, Tomlinson: 23 architectural models

Honda 1971, and subsequent studies & models

de Reffye et al, AMAP - Botany and computational plant

architecture

FSPM07 14

Algorithmic beauty of plants , Prusinkiewicz & Lindenmayer - L-

systems

AMAP, de Reffye et al. - development as stochastic process

Growth Grammars, GROGRA, W. Kurth

Object-oriented approaches - e.g. Breckling, model Almis

Algorithmic approach

FSPM07 15

The challence

- processes: many, at manyorganizational levels, time scales

- architecture: many scales

- properties: huge natural variation, localvalues needed for realistic predictions

- measurements: can they cope withmodels?

- mathematical methods: challenge islacking homogeneity

- modeling software: integration of allaspects of structure and function

FSPM07 16

FSPM07 17

What’s next?

Scientific specialty

Research

FSPM07 18

What’s next? - Scientific specialty?

Stages in a developing specialty (Mullin): both intellectualand social factors involved

1) Paradigm

- seeing: what, how, interpretation

- set of individuals in a similar cognitive situation

2) Communication network

- increased connection & interaction

- informal

3) Cluster

- scientists begin to draw boundaries around thoseworking around the common problem, stable

4) Specialty

- institutionalized cluster with regular processes fortraining and recruitment into institutionally definedroles

FSPM07 19

What’s next? - Scientific specialty

Law (1973)

Permissible/Impermissible: weak in FSPM

Preferred research problems: from other disciplines

! not specialty, doubtful if ever will be

FSPM07 20

What’s next - Research

FSPM07 21

Four levels of hierarchy - cells

P. Huijser

FSPM07 22

Four levels of hierarchy - organ

FSPM07 23

Four levels hierarchy

- individual

FSPM07 24

Three levels hierarchy

Plant community

Four levels of hierarchy -

community

FSPM07 25

Challenges - Integration of hierarchical levels?

Can FSPMs join more than two levels?

Rule of thumb for modelling: make your model usinginformation on one level and make your predictions onthe next level (above).

Modelling frameworks have improved, can this rule bechallenged?

FSPM07 26

Challenges - Emergent properties

FSPM07 27

Challenges - Emergent properties

- Dominant height of an even-aged forest stand is (fairly)independent on density

- -3/2 power law (or equivalent)

- Biomass production ∝ intercepted solar radiation

crops 0.85 - 4.6 g DM/MJtrees 2.5 - 3.5 g DM/MJ

FSPM07 28

- Pipe model

- Halle et al., 23 models of tree architecture

Challenges - Emergent properties

As

Ab

Af

Ar

Valentine (1988)

FSPM07 29

Integration of several processes?

Challenges - next meeting topics

FSPM07 30

Do we see more practical applications in the future?

Challenges - next meeting topics

Metsäntutkimuslaitos Skogsforskningsinstitutet Finnish Forest Research Institute www.metla.fi

Thank you