tender and planning and estimation

8/12/2019 Tender and Planning and Estimation

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Chapter 7. Preparation of Plans and Cost Estimates andTender Documents

J. KvriFood and Agriculture Organization ofthe United NationsRome, tal!

". N#RO$U%#ON&. OU#'N( OR F(A)*'#+ 'AN

-. $(#A'($ 'AN. ()#/A#()0. #(N$(R $O%U/(N#)1. R(F(R(N%()

ANN(2 " 3+$RO'O4%A' FOR/U'A)ANN(2 & 4(N(RA' RO5)ON)ANN(2 - )(%A' RO5)ON)ANN(2 %ON)#RU%#ON OF %3A#A F)3 FAR/ N 6A/*AANN(2 0 *ill No........ %onstruction of OutletsANN(2 1 *ill of 7uantities and %ontract %ostANN(2 8 *idding )chedule

1. INTRODUCTION

(ngineering 9lanning, design and construction of dams, :arrages, 9um9ing stations, etc., isnormall! carried out ;ith a high degree of efficienc!. )ometimes, ho;ever, the smallerstructures, secondar! channels, etc., used for a


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ro=ect 9re9aration is usuall! considered to include all those activities short of a final decision toim9lement. #his 9rocess includes the follo;ing stages?

@i dentification of the 9ro=ect. At this stage, the 9roduction target :ased on a mar>eting stud!,the s9ecies to :e cultured and the s!stems of culture to :e ado9ted, the availa:ilit! of a largeenough draina:le and accessi:le land area free from flooding and having ade


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and technological as ;ell as economic and social considerations involved in site selection.Factors to :e considered in site selection are descri:ed in more detail in %ha9ter " onconsiderations in the selection of sites for a


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the design should :e in sufficient detail so that a relia:le cost estimate including :oth the annualo9erational and 9roduction cost can :e esta:lished.

#he 9rinci9al 9arts of the outline 9lan consist of the follo;ing

@i Re9ort#his should contain the most im9ortant information on the 9ro=ect 9ro9osal including adescri9tion of the site, soil characteristics determined :! the reconnaissance soil surve!, sourceof ;ater and the results of the ;ater anal!sis, meteorological features used for 9lanning,o9eration 9lan ;ith the necessar! 9roduction calculations, 9lanning considerations,arrangement of the la!out 9lan for the 9onds and the location of the hatcher! and the other:uildings ;ith the a99roach road to the 9ro=ect, arrangement for ;ater su99l! and drainage ofthe 9onds and the hatcher!, the 9ond facilities, a:stract of costs for ca9ital, o9erational and9roduction costs, economic anal!sis for :enefits, and the 9ro9osed construction 9rogramme.

Additionall!, all the statements o:tained and re


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(stimates of :ase @civil ;or>s cost must :e calculated using unit rates =udged to :e a99lica:lefor the region of the 9ro=ect site and ma=or costs are :ased as far as 9ossi:le on a :alance:et;een cutting and filling. (stimates of cost are given for electricit! su99l!, engineering @designof detailed 9lan and su9ervision of construction, e


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@i 4ridding@ii lane ta:ling@iii %rossDsection method ;ith traverse surve!@iv Radiating lines method ;ith traverse surve!@v #achiometr!

/ethods @i and @ii are ideal on relativel! flat land, ;hile methods @iii and @iv ma! also :e used:ut are :est suited to hill! terrain or use in a narro;, long valle!. #achiometr! can :e used ineither case. #he field ;or> in tachiometr! is ra9id com9ared ;ith the other methods and it is;idel! used, therefore, for contouring of an! t!9es of areas. Gith reasona:le 9recautions, theresults o:tained can :e of the same order of accurac! as, or :etter than, those o:taina:le :!other methods. #he follo;ing to9ogra9hic ma9s and 9lans are generall! needed for a9ro=ect?

@i ndeB or location ma9@ii *oundar! ma9@iii %ontour ma9@iv %ross and longitudinal sections@v 'and ma9

-."."." Rees, contours, etc., is the most commonl!9re9ared from one of the ma9 sheets scaled at "?0E EEE, ;hich ma! :e o:tained from the)urve! $e9artment /a9 )ales $e9ot, or the )urve! $e9artment. An eBam9le of a location ma99re9ared for the %hi9ata Fish Farm is sho;n in Figure ".

@ii *oundar! ma9

$uring to9ogra9hic surve!ing the :oundar! lines of the selected area for the 9ro=ect should :efiBed :! stones or concrete :loc>s. #he :oundar! lines are usuall! formed :! a closed traverse.#he 9oints of the traverse lines are called stations or :earing 9oints @*R. #hese ma! alsoserve for control of levelling or contouring o9erations over the site, and for setting out thefacilities of the 9ro=ect. #he :oundar! ma9, as sho;n in Figure &, must indicate the lengths ofthe traverse lines for the :oundar! of the 9ro=ect, locations of the *Rs, the coordinates of thereference meridian, the :earings of the lines, the actual area covered :! the traverse lines, theeBisting roads, :uildings, rivers and other 9ro9ert! :oundaries. #he list of the coordinates of the*Rs, including the elevation as sho;n in #a:le ", should :e attached to the :oundar! ma9,and the data should :e recorded in the construction site log:oo> :efore starting an!construction ;or>s at the site. #his is essential as, if the *Rs are destro!ed :! an! machines

during the construction 9eriod, the! can easil! :e reDesta:lished from the site log:oo>.

!i)ure 1. Chipata !ish !arm. ocation map

!i)ure 2. $oundar* map

#a:le " 'ist of %oordinates and (levation of *Rs
http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efo.gifhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efp.gifhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efo.gifhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efp.gif


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P$R Coordinates +m, Ele'ation +m,

Partial E Partial N Eastin) Northin)

1"8E C& E-."" "E" 1E.- &.&"

1"8- D "C.&1 D 1H.0 C& --.08 "E" "E.EH 0.0

1"8 D "C-.08 D 1H.8E C& &10.H8 "E" &"1.0" E.HHE

1"80 D "H".&E I 1H.0C C& EH.18 "E" &H0."E E.CE1

1"81 D &C1.&E I"""."H C" 8HH.8 "E" -C0.&H "."0H

@iii %ontour ma9%ontour ma9s used in design of the facilities of the 9ro=ect must sho; the contour lines and allthe esta:lishments found at the 9ro9osed site such as roads, electric and tele9honic lines, riversand drains or other channels, :uildings, underground oil, gas or ;ater su99l! 9i9elines, :orro;9its, :oundar! lines, including the location of the *Rs and the #*/s, the north direction as ;ellas the scale used for ma99ing. #he contour ma9 ma! also sho; the location of soil sam9lingstations ;ith num:ering. #he contour ma9s, de9ending on the size of area 9ro9osed for the9ro=ect, should :e scaled in "?"EEE to "?0EEE.

#he contour lines should :e 9lotted on the ma9 at "E cm intervals for flat land and &E to &0 cmintervals for hill! or valle! terrain.

@iv %ross and longitudinal sections

f a 9ro=ect is esta:lished in an area ;here there are fish 9onds, drains and other channels, etc.,their cross and longitudinal sections are often re


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A detailed investigation of soils is needed to design the facilities of a 9ro=ect. #he first ste9 in adetailed investigation is a revie; of the ;or> alread! done in the 9revious 9ro=ect stage. #hisincludes not onl! a revie; of the reconnaissance investigations, :ut also an eBamination of thereconnaissance design, if an! is availa:le, and a determination of ;hether the o:=ective is stillthe same. $e9ending u9on the results of the reconnaissance eB9loration and the size of the9ro=ect, the reen from ever! stratumencountered in the :ore holes. #he soil sam9les 9rovide material for an investigation of the soil9ro9erties :! means of la:orator! tests. #he results of the soil investigations should :e detailedin a re9ort @#erzaghi, "C18.

-.".&." Re


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D grain size anal!sis curves coefficient of uniformit! @%uD 9article size anal!sis

@c indeB 9ro9erties

D ;ater content @;D void ratio @eD 9orosit! @n

D dr! densit! @d

D ;et densit! @;et

D 9roctor maBimum dr! densit! @r

D a:solute s9ecific gravit! @4asD a99arent s9ecific gravit! @4sD cohesion @c

D angle of internal friction @

D allo;a:le :earing ca9acit! @a

D modulus of elastic! @(

D 9ermea:ilit! coefficient @>

@d ground ;ater anal!sis

D 93D content of sul9hate ion

@ii 'ocation ma9

'ocation ma9 should sho; all the locations of sam9le stations ;ith their ground elevation.

@iii 'ogs of sam9le stations

A log is a ;ritten record of the data concerning soils and conditions encountered in individual:ore holes. t also 9rovides the results of the la:orator! tests on ;hich all su:se


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&.2 Detailed Plannin)

-.&." ro=ect re9ort

-.&.& $esigns-.&.- %riteria for designing 9ond facilities-.&. re9aration of detailed dra;ings

&.2.1 Pro0ect report

A com9lete re9ort should :e 9re9ared covering the 9ro=ect 9ro9osal, investigation, the9roduction including its 9ro9osed method, engineering features, eBecution of construction,summar! of costs, etc. t should contain a general descri9tion of the design including thedra;ings. #he follo;ing outline of the items ;hich the re9ort should cover is included as aguide. O:viousl!, all of the information listed in this outline is not necessar! for an! 9articular

small 9ro=ect, :ut the greater 9art of it ;ill :e usuall! re re


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D summar! of the soil re9ortD ;ater ta:le conditions

. lanning considerations

$esign criteria and s9ecifications, descri9tion of the facilities, and schedule of eBecution should:e stated in this section of the re9ort.." 'a!out of the fish 9onds size of 9ondsD ;ater de9th in the 9onds

.& Gater res

D for race;a!sD methods for ;ater filtration or ;ater treatments

. $escri9tion of the facilities

@a fish 9onds

D di>es di>e 9rotectionD internal roadsD structures

@: hatcher!

@c 9um9ing station

@d other :uildings

.0 $escri9tion of the construction ;or>s schedule of eBecution

0. %ost estimate and cost of 9roduction

@#hese ;ill :e 9resented in %ha9ter

1. 'ist of detailed dra;ings

t should contain all dra;ings re


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1.0 )tructural detailed dra;ings1.1 lans of hatcher! and other :uildings1.8 lan of 9um9ing station1.H nstallation 9lans

&.2.2 Desi)ns

n order to ensure that the detailed 9lans should :e :oth economical and suita:le to theconstruction, their design must :e 9ro9erl! 9erformed. #he follo;ing designs de9ending u9onthe nature and scale of the 9ro=ect usuall! have to :e 9re9ared for the detailed dra;ings.

-.&.&." 3!drological com9utations

#o design a fish farm, located on hill! terrain and fed :! ;ater stored in a reservoir or su99liedfrom runoff of the ;ater catchment area, usuall! ;ill re


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D harvesting methodD reing densit!. t is not desira:le to ris> more than "E tons in each 9ond if an!

such losses are antici9ated.

@d /ar>eting schedule

#he demand of fish for mar>et ma! :e determined :! the o9timal size of each 9roduction 9ond.

@e 3arvesting method


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#o facilitate netting, it is desira:le to limit the ;idth of the 9onds to a:out 80 m. 3o;ever, using ase9arate harvesting 9ond or s9ecial harvesting :oB or structure, the ;idth and the sha9e of the9onds are not limited.

@f %onstruction cost

#he larger the 9ond, the lo;er ;ill :e the construction cost 9er unit area. #his is :ecause, thesmaller the 9onds, the greater is the 9ro9ortional area occu9ied :! di>es and channels. #heconstruction cost for larger 9onds ;ill :e lo;er if their long sides can :e oriented 9arallel to thecontours. #he stee9er the ground gradient the more im9ortant it :ecomes to orient the 9onds9arallel to the contour. onds oriented 9arallel to the contours also re :ass s9ecies E.1DE.C ".ED".& ".ED&.E ".0

e=erre! @*asilichth!s :onariensis D E.H ".& ".&

%olossoma s9ecies ".E ".& ".0

Rhamdia s9ecies D ".E ".0 ".0

(el s9ecies D E.DE.1 ".ED".0 ".0

Fresh;ater 9ra;n @/acro:rachium rosen:ergii D E.C

Rain:o; trout @)almo gairdneri D ".0D&.E &.E

@: /eteorological features


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*oth air and ;ater tem9erature as ;ell as ;ind velocit! must :e considered in determining the;ater de9th in the 9ond.

n the tro9ical region, the dail! tem9erature fluctuations are smaller in dee9er 9onds than inshallo; 9onds :ecause of the greater ratio :et;een the ;ater surface and volume. #his isim9ortant :ecause the o9timal ;ater tem9erature rees de9end u9on the soil conditions, ;ater de9th and size of the 9ond,as ;ell as the eB9ected ;ave actions. #he follo;ing slo9es are recommended for di>es invarious soils?

T*pe of soil Inside slope Outside slope

)and! loam "?& D "?- "?".0 D "?&


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)and! cla! "?".0 "?".0

Firm cla! "?" "?"

nside :ric> lining "?" D "?".0 "?".0 D "?&

nside concrete lining E.80D "?" "?".0 D "?&

#he eB9osed 9arts of the di>e @outside slo9e, cro;n, inside slo9e a:ove the ;ater level should:e 9rotected :! grass against erosion. n 9onds ;ith more than a:out E,0 ha of ;ater surface,;ave 9rotection made of :ranches, ri9Dra9, :ric> lining, :am:oo matting, etc. is rene!, "C8C.

n order to have a sta:le di>e, a :erm ;ith a ;idth of &.E to .E m must :e left :et;een the di>etoe and the drainage channel @Khanna, "CH".

v nlet and outlet structures

A fish 9ond should have se9arate inlet and outlet structures for ;ater su99l! and drainage as faras 9ossi:le. #he inlet ma! :e an!thing from a sim9le 9i9e to a concrete sluice. t is ver!

im9ortant that the inlet :e screened to 9revent 9redator! fish and other animals from enteringthe 9ond. #he floor level of the inlet is usuall! higher :! a minimum of E."E m than the ;aterlevel in the 9ond 9artl! to ensure ;ater aeration and 9artl! to avoid esca9e of stoc>ed fish.rotection must :e 9rovided against erosion under and around the inlet. #he inlet is :etterlocated in the centre of the short side of the 9ond, in order to 9rovide :etter ;ater circulation@3ora, "C1&.

#he outlet should :e, generall!, on the o99osite side to the inlet in smaller 9onds. A turndo;n9i9e, o9en sluice or mon> are used as outlet structures. #he :est t!9e of outlet for controlling;ater level in the 9ond and draining the 9ond is the mon>. #he mon> consists of a vertical to;er;ith three 9airs of grooves for housing screens and sto9logs and a horizontal conduit 9assingacross the di>e at the lo;est level of the 9ond. t is advisa:le to 9rovide a harvesting :oB at the

do;nstream end of the conduit for harvesting the 9ond ;ithout netting. #his harvesting :oB ma!also :e used for :reeding or for holding fish for mar>eting. #he size of inlet and outlet should :ecalculated on the :asis of the time needed for filling or draining the 9ond res9ectivel! @Gheaton,"C88.

For designing inlets of 9onds the re


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)9a;ning E.& D E.

Nurser! E.& D E.0

Rearing and 9roduction &DH

3olding E.0 D ".E

#he total drainage time of all the 9onds can :e calculated as 0 to &0 da!s for 0 to &0 ha 9onds.

#he structures used for fish 9onds are made of various materials. For designing thesestructures the dura:ilit! and maintenance cost of the materials used should :e ta>en intoaccount as follo;s?

5aterial Durailit* 5aintenance cost

+*ears, +6,

Reinforced concrete @"?&? &ED-E "EE

)tone ru::le in "?0 cement mortar "E D "0 "0E

*ric> masonr! in "?0 cement mortar 0D"E &0E

Gooden 0DH -EEDEE

-.&.-." Gater re


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5raL AeffRaL ;ater inflo; from rainfall to 9ond @m-AeffL total area of 9ond including 8E di>es affected :! rain @m -Ra=mean annual rainfall @m# L o9erational time in da!s.

For a hatcher!, the 9ea> ;ater demand should :e determined considering the 9roduction target

and hatcher! technolog! 9ro9osed @i9er, "CH&.

For a race;a! s!stem, the maBimum flo; of ;ater should :e calculated. #his can :edetermined from the num:er of dail! ;ater changes in the race;a! and the cross sectional areaof the race;a! @'eitritz, "CHE.

-.&.-.& 3!draulic com9utations

#o avoid overdesigned sizes of h!draulic structures for fish 9onds or hatcher!, and to assurethat their sizes are adee, division :oBes, 9um9ingstation or s!9hon, etc.

D design of inlets

@: for drainage s!stem design of outlets

D design of drainage channel including its structures, i.e. culvert, fall, etc.

@c for hatcher!

D design of the ca9acit! of 9um9 including its overhead tan> design of the ;ater su99l! 9i9elineD design of the drain 9i9elineD design of the filter s!stem

#o calculate the sizes of the a:oveDmentioned or other h!draulic structures the h!draulicformulas given in %ha9ter H include all the formulas re ;ater demand :ased on the 9roduction calculationsshould :e considered.

-.&.-.- )tructural calculations

n order to achieve sound h!draulic structures and :uildings the structural calculations should:e 9erformed.

-.&.-. )ta:ilit! anal!sis of di>es

#he di>es of fish 9onds must :e safe and sta:le during all 9hases of construction and o9erationof fish 9onds. #o accom9lish this, the follo;ing criteria should :e met?


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@a the di>e must :e safe against sliding :! ;ater force

@: the slo9es of the di>e must :e sta:le during construction and under all conditions of 9ondo9eration including ra9id dra;do;n of the 9ond @%reager, "C0E

@c the di>e must :e designed so as not to im9ose eBcessive stresses u9on the foundation

@d see9age flo; through the di>e, foundation and structures must :e controlled so that nointernal erosion ta>es 9lace and so there is no sloughing in the area ;here the see9ageemerges. #he amount of ;ater lost through see9age must :e controlled so that it does notinterfere ;ith 9lanned 9ro=ect functions.

An earthfill di>e designed to meet the a:ove criteria ;ill 9rove 9ermanentl! safe 9rovided 9ro9erconstruction methods and control are achieved @%a99er, "C8H

&.2. Preparation of detailed dra(in)s

#o 9re9are dra;ings :ased on detailed investigations and designs, the follo;ing should :enoted?

D to ensure the most economic solutions and to avoid an! dela! in construction as a result ofshortage of materials, the structures and an! :uildings should :e generall! designed ;ithavaila:le local materials @#ang, "C8C

D to ensure dura:ilit! of structures and :uildings, etc., the :est manshi9 must :e used

D to maintain a high s are determined.

-.&.." Re


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the a99roach road, etc. #he characteristic data of the structures such as their mar>, size andfloor level must :e given in a ta:le on the la!out 9lan as sho;n in Figure -.

A se9arate la!out 9lan must usuall! :e 9re9ared for the :uildings sho;ing their locationsincluding the internal roads, the measurements and the floor levels of the :uildings, etc., theirconnections to the designed 9onds, the North line as ;ell as other facilities, i.e. electric and

;ater su99l! 9i9elines, etc. #his 9lan is generall! scaled in "?0EE to "?"EEE.

@iii )etting out 9lan

n order to ensure the accurate mar>ingDout of all the earth;or>s of the fish farm, a setting out9lan must :e 9re9ared. #he reference line including the #*/s, all the measurements of the fish9onds and drains, as ;ell as feeder canals, including the location and num:ering of the crosssections rees and the channels must :e illustrated onthis 9lan as sho;n in Figure . #he elevations of the #*/s and other data needed for settingout the facilities should also :e given in this 9lan. #he #*/s should :e esta:lished in such9ositions that the! cannot :e destro!ed :! the machines during the construction 9eriod. #hescale of this 9lan is the same, or less, than that used for the la!out 9lan.

@iv %rossDand longitudinal sections of earth;or>s

@a %rossDsections

%rossDsections of di>es, feeder and drainage channels, inner channels and harvesting 9its inthe 9onds should :e given in the detailed 9lans scaled in "?"EE. #;o t!9es of crossDsectionsshould :e noted as follo;s?

" #!9ical crossDsections can :e 9re9ared for a smaller 9ro=ect located on flat land. n this casethe crossDsections must sho; all the measurements including their slo9es, etc., eBce9t their

actual height.

& %rossDsections 9re9ared for a medium or larger 9ro=ect should :e generall! sho;n for ever!0E m of their longitudinal sections including all the dimensions reing out, as;ell as their actual height. n this case, the section num:er of crossDsections should :eindicated on the dra;ing. Using these crossDsections, the earth;or> calculations for the :ill ofes, the F)' in the9onds and the 9ond or drain :ottoms must :e indicated in all the crossDsections. A mar>,num:er or section num:er must :e given to each crossDsection. #he eBisting ground levelincluding the instructions referring to the to9soil removal from the :asement of the di>es, should

:e noted on the 9lan. t is ver! im9ortant that the aBis of the di>es and drains, as ;ell as theirdistances, :e illustrated on the dra;ing.

!i)ure &. a*out plan

!i)ure . #ettin) out plan
http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efq.gifhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efr.gifhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efq.gifhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744efr.gif


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From time to time ;hen the soil used for construction of di>es has a higher see9age coefficientthan ree, a cla! core should :e designed into the di>es. n this case,the measurements of the 9ro9osed cla! core including the s9ecifications needed for the corematerials must :e sho;n in the crossDsections.

n the larger 9onds, ;ave 9rotection has to :e 9rovided. #herefore, a t!9ical crossDsection of the

9ro9osed ;ave 9rotection in the 9onds should :e 9re9ared in a scale of "?0E. All the materials,:oth in


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- Reinforcement 9lan should give the , sha9e in cm, diameter in mm, num:er, unitlength and total length as ;ell as total ;eight of :ars re


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!i)ure ;. +Cont-d,


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@vi 3atcher! :uilding

*ased on the 9roduction technolog! and other calculations, the detailed 9lans of the hatcher!,de9ending on its out9ut ca9acit! must :e 9re9ared in the follo;ing detail?

" 'a!out 9lan of the hatcher! scaled at "?0E should sho; facilities for egg incu:ation and fr! offingerling holding tan>s of s9a;ners, the necessar! s9ace for handling and treatment ofs9a;ners, storage facilities for feed, e


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." re9aration of $etailed (stimates

*efore a99roving a 9ro=ect, the cost of ;or> re from the 9lans and s9ecifications.#hus, an estimate for construction ;or> can :e defined as the 9rocess of calculating the @%ha>ra:orti,"C&&.

7uantit! (stimate or 7uantit! )urve!

#his is a com9lete estimate of the


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contingencies. #he detailed cost of each su:Dheading is not sho;n in the general a:stract ofcost.

.1.2 "stract of cost

#he estimated cost of each and ever! individual item of ;or> is calculated :! multi9l!ing theno;n as A:stract form as sho;n :elo;, thenadding all together to get the actual estimated cost of ;or>. A 9ercentage @".0 to &.0 9ercent ofthe a:ove estimate is usuall! added for a ;or> charge along ;ith an amount @usuall! E.09ercent for tools and 9lant, to calculate the grand total of the estimated cost.

#1. No. Description of item Unit =uantit* Rate "mount

#otal?

" P for ;or> charge

P for tools and 9lant

4RAN$ #O#A'?

n order to ensure that the detailed estimates can :e easil! surve!ed, su:Dheadings are usuall!re. Foran a D this includes eBcavation, filling, dressing, de;atering, etc.

@c %oncrete ;or> D this includes 9lain and reinforced concrete ;or>s, 9refa:ricated concrete;or>s, form;or> for concrete structures, etc.

@d *ric>;or> D this includes :ric>;or> in foundation and 9linth, :ric>;or> in su9erstructures, etc.

@e )tone;or> D this includes stone ;or> for :ed or ;ave 9rotection and in structures, etc.

@f Good;or>

@g )teel;or>

@h Roofing

@i Gater su99l! and sanitar! ;or>s

@= /iscellaneous


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@> Finishing

#he a:stract of cost should contain the different su:Dheadings sho;n se9aratel! and addedtogether to sho; the cost to com9lete the 9ro=ect.

.1.& "nal*sis of rates

n order to 9rovide a correct and reasona:le rate 9er unit for a 9articular item, a detailedsurve!ed called an Anal!sis of rate should :e conducted on costs of materials, la:our ande


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9rovided :! different de9artments in each countr!. #hese usuall! include general conditions,general s9ecifications, items of different ;or>s, data for trans9ortation, materials and la:our,method of rate anal!sis, 9lant rate anal!sis and :asic unit rate anal!sis.

.1. =uantit* estimates

As mentioned 9reviousl!, s should :e 9re9ared to9rovide an accurate cost estimate for the im9lementation of a 9ro=ect. 7uantit! estimates should:e 9re9ared se9aratel! for :oth the structures and the earth;or>s.

@i 7uantit! estimates for structures and :uildings/easurement of all structures and :uildings should :e ta>en as 9er the standard s9ecification,or as 9er the schedule of rate, or as 9er current 9ractice.

@ii 7uantit! estimates of earth;or>s

#he s, using the 9lans of cross and longitudinal sections, as ;ell

as contour 9lans if needed, should :e 9re9ared. /easurements for earth;or> shall :ecalculated from the relevant dra;ings.

%alculating formulas

@" )ectional area having no transverse slo9e for di>ing or cutting ;ith same side slo9es

A L *d Isd&, m&

;here

* L crest ;idth of di>e, m

d L height of di>ing or de9th of cutting, ms L ratio of side slo9e as horizontal? vertical

@& )ectional area having no transverse slo9e for di>ing or cutting ;ith different side slo9es

m&

;here: L :ase ;idth of di>e, m

@- rregular sectional area

)im9sons rule? divide the sectional area into an even num:er @n of 9arallel stri9s :! means of@n I " ordinates, s9aced e


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@ 5olumes of earth;or>

@a /id section formula

n this formula, the mean de9th or height should :e calculated first :! averaging the de9ths oft;o consecutive sections. From the mean de9th the area of mid section should :e calculatedand volume of earth;or> com9uted :! multi9l!ing the area of mid section :! the distance:et;een the t;o original sections. #o estimate the for a di>e or a channel;hose level sections are ta>en at a distance, $, ;hich ma! :e varied de9ending on the groundlevel in the longitudinal section of the di>e or the channel, a ta:ular form can :e used as sho;n:elo;?

#tation ei)ht or depth atstation +m,

5ean hei)ht ordepth +m,

#ectionalarea+m2,

Distanceet(een

=uantit*

stations +m, Di4e+m&,

Cuttin)+m&,

" & - 0 1 8

@: #ra9ezoidal or end areas formula

#his method is :ased on the assum9tion that the mid area of a 9!ramid is half the average areaof the ends and the end sections are in 9arallel 9lanes. f A"and A&are areas of the ends thevolume of the 9rismoid is given :!

7uantit! of earth;or> ma! :e calculated :! tra9ezoidal formula in a ta:ular form as sho;n:elo;

#tation ei)ht or depth atstation

#ectionalarea

5ean sectionalarea

Distance et(eenstations

=uantit*

+m, +m2

, +m2

, +m, Di4e+m&,

Cuttin)+m&,

" & - 0 1 8

@c rismoidal formula

f the volume of earth :et;een t;o successive crossDsections is considered a 9rismoid, then amore 9recise formula, the 9rismoidal formula, ma! :e used. t is generall! considered that endsections are in 9arallel 9lanes.

@first area I last area I even areas I & odd areas, m-

#here are a num:er of alternative ;a!s in ;hich the 9rismoidal formula ma! :e used. Forinstance, it can :e used to calculate the volume of eBcavation in a smaller nurser! 9onda99l!ing the 9rismoidal formula for a single stri9

, m-


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;here

$ L de9th of eBcavation, mA"L to9 area of eBcavation, m&

A&L :ottom area of eBcavation, m&

Am L mid area of eBcavation, m&

@d 5olumes from contour lines

#his method ma! :e convenientl! used ;here accurate contours are availa:le. #he contourinterval ;ill determine the distance $ in the tra9ezoidal or 9rismoidal formula, and for accurac!this should :e as small as 9ossi:le, 9refera:l! E." to E.0 m. #he areas enclosed :! individualcontour lines are :est ta>en off the ma9 :! means of a 9lanimeter. n com9uting the volumes,the areas enclosed :! t;o successive contour lines are used in the tra9ezoidal formula,;hence?

;here5 L volume of earth :et;een contour lines A"and A&$ L vertical interval

#his method can also :e used to calculate the volume of ;ater contained in a reservoir,corres9onding to a given height. #his is done :! calculating the total volume contained :elo;successive contours and then 9lotting volume against height to give a curve from ;hich thevolume at intermediate levels ma! :e read.

@e 5olumes from s9ot levels

#his is a method :! means of ;hich the earth;or> for 9ond :ottom, :orro; 9its, etc. and similar;or>s ;ith vertical sides ma! :e calculated. Using this method, the area mar>ed out on thecontour ma9 should :e divided u9 into sen at each ofthe corner 9oints and :! su:tracting these from the corres9onding formation levels, a series ofheights is o:tained from ;hich the mean height of a series of vertical truncated 9risms of earthcan :e found. #he volume of each 9rism is given :! the 9lan area multi9lied :! the mean heightof the 9rism. #he 9risms ma!, of course, :e considered as either rectangles or triangles.

8. TENDER DOCU5ENT#

0." Advertisement for *ids @Notice to %ontractors, or nvitation to *id0.& $raft %ontract0.- )tatements of Gor>, )ervices and #echnical )9ecifications0. *ill of 7uantities0.0 )chedule of (Becution0.1 *idding )chedule0.8 A99roved $ra;ings
http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.1%20advertisement%20for%20bids%20(notice%20to%20contractors,%20or%20invitation%20to%20bid)http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.2%20draft%20contracthttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5%20.3%20statements%20of%20work,%20services%20and%20technical%20specificationshttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.4%20bill%20of%20quantitieshttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.5%20schedule%20of%20executionhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.6%20bidding%20schedulehttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.7%20approved%20drawingshttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.1%20advertisement%20for%20bids%20(notice%20to%20contractors,%20or%20invitation%20to%20bid)http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.2%20draft%20contracthttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5%20.3%20statements%20of%20work,%20services%20and%20technical%20specificationshttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.4%20bill%20of%20quantitieshttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.5%20schedule%20of%20executionhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.6%20bidding%20schedulehttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.7%20approved%20drawings


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A tender is a ;ritten :id su:mitted :! a %ontractor in 9ursuance of the notification given, toeBecute certain ;or> at calculated rates ;ith the terms and conditions laid do;n in the tenderdocuments.

8.1 "d'ertisement for $ids +Notice to Contractors> or In'itation to $id,

For ;ide 9u:licit! of a ma=or ;or>, the sealed :ids concerned are invited :! advertising in aminimum of t;o dail! local ne;s9a9ers. All tender notices should :e in the standard formesta:lished :! the com9etent de9artment. #he advertisement should contain the follo;inginformation? issuing office, :rief descri9tion of ;or>, location of 9ro=ect, estimated cost of ;or>,office ;here 9lans and s9ecifications can :e o:tained and charges for them, 9rice of tenderform and other tender documents, class of %ontractors, earnest mone! to :e de9osited, time ofcom9letion, date for recei9t of :ids and time of o9ening of :ids, acce9ting authorit! and rightsreserved to the O;ner. An eBam9le of a tender call notice is sho;n :elo;.

OR))A F)3 )(($$(5('O/(N#

%ORORA#ON '/#($.

55(KANAN$A /AR4, *3U*AN()GARD80"EE&

#(N$(R %A'' NO#%(

No. CAD-385K: - Managing Director, Orissa Fish Seed Deveo!"ent Cor!oration #i"ited. $ive%anandaMarg, &h'(anes)ar-*, Orissa invites seaed tenders +or the +oo)ing )or% +ro" the registered contractorso+ State '(ic or%s / 0 &1 and 2rrigation De!art"ents Na"e o+ )or%:- Constr'ction o+ 4 hectare +ishseed hatcher6 !ro7ect at Chi!i"a in the dist. o+ Sa"(a!'r. ender a"o'nt:- /s. 4*,*5,494. Cost o+ tender

!a!er:- /s. 3 Son re+'nda(e1. .M. 4; o+ cost o+ tender !a!er:- /s. 4*,*5. Cass o+ Contractor:-


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0.&." #!9es of contracts0.&.& 4eneral 9rovisions or general conditions0.&.- )9ecial 9rovisions or s9ecial conditions

For im9lementation of the construction ;or>s of a 9ro=ect, an agreement, commonl! called acontract, :et;een O;ner and %ontractor should :e concluded ;hich re


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%ontract ;ith lum9Dsum and unit 9rices

n this form of contract the %ontractor is re materials and 9lantC. %ommencement time and dela!s"E. /aintenance and defects"". Alterations, additions and omissions"&. ro9ert! in materials and 9lant"-. /easurement". rovisional and 9rime cost sums"0. %ertificates and 9a!ment"1. Remedies and 9o;ers

"8. )9ecial ris>s"H. Frustration"C. )ettlement of dis9utes&E. Notices&". $efault of (m9lo!er

#he general 9rovisions used :! FAO in the contract for an a


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". Nature and inter9retation of contract&. $ela!s and default-. Acce9tance. %o9!rights and 9atents0. $is9utes and ar:itration1. 'ia:ilit! ;ith res9ect to claims

8. %hanges and amendmentsH. #erminationC. Notices

8.2.& #pecial pro'isions or special conditions

#here are several articles or clauses in the s9ecial 9rovisions of a contract to govern thecharacter of the ;or> to :e carried out. AnneB - sho;s the general form used :! FAO foras"&. eriod of maintenance"-. %om9letion of 9eriod of maintenance". )u9ervision of ;or>s

"0. %onstruction site log:oo>"1. Organization of the construction site"8. articulars to :e su99lied"H. resence of the %ontractor on the construction site"C. nsurances at the cost of the %ontractor&E. %learance of site on com9letion&". atent rights and ro!alties&&. ns9ection of site&-. $esignation of the Organizations Resident (ngineer

8.& #tatements of 3or4> #er'ices and Technical #pecifications

0.-." #!9es of s9ecifications0.-.& )9ecification ;riting
http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.3.1%20types%20of%20specificationshttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.3.2%20specification%20writinghttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.3.1%20types%20of%20specificationshttp://www.fao.org/docrep/X5744E/x5744e08.htm#5.3.2%20specification%20writing


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)tatements of ;or> and services contain the sco9e of the ;or> including descri9tion of the sitefor ;or>, soil characteristics determined :! the reconnaissance soil surve! carried out at thesite, meteorological features needed for the construction ;or>s and the o9eration of the 9ro=ect,descri9tion of the 9ro=ect in detail including the construction ;or>s and services remanshi9, services and

materials as ;ell as testing methods ;hich are reof a contract, the standard s9ecifications almost al;a!s rees and concrete


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structures of 9onds, etc. t contains re on others can :egin. t is a convenient ;a! toadvise the %ontractor of necessar! material deliver! dates.

For com9aring 9erformance of ;or> ;ith that scheduled, a :ar is usuall! 9laced a:ove theschedule :ar sho;ing actual start and com9letion dates. #he chart in Figure C indicates thatclearing and 9re9aring of site started on the date 9rogrammed and ;as com9leted ahead of


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time ;hereas construction of outlets :egan late. At the close of August, construction of outlets;as 80 com9lete. #his method has the advantage of :eing sim9le. t can :e used for a smallDscale 9ro=ect, ho;ever a more detailed schedule of eBecution is re itemsand others sho;ing materials and different machiner! needed for all items of ;or>s.

!i)ure @. Rectan)ular9ar pro)ress schedule

8.: $iddin) #chedule

#he :idding schedule is a ver! im9ortant document on ;hich the contractor summarises his :id

including the total 9rice of :id, the load :earing ca9acit! of the soil at the site on ;hich the :id iscalculated and confirms as ;ell as signs the terms and conditions of the contract. #here arevarious forms of a :idding schedule. A sam9le form of this used :! FAO for aes, etc., scale "?& EEEM"?"EE1. )tructural dra;ings, including reinforced concrete, scale "?0E8. $etails, scale "?&EH. lans of the hatcher! and other :uildings, scale "?"EEC. lans of the 9um9ing station, scale "?0EEM"?0E


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"E. (lectrical installations, scale "?0E"". )anitar! and other, if necessar!, installations, scale "?0E

Further dra;ings ma! :e issued from time to time at the discretion of the (ngineer, as needarises.

:. RE!ERENCE#

A:rahamson, /.G., "C1C, (ngineering la; and the .%.(. %ontracts. 'ondon, /ac'aren Q)ons, 'td.

Alien, '.J. and (.%. Kinne! @eds, "CH", roceedings of the *ioD(ngineering )!m9osium for fishculture, *ethesda, /ar!land, Fish %ulture )ection of the American Fisheries )ociet!, F%)u:lication, "?-E8 9.

*ardach, J.(., J.3. R!ther and G.O. /c'arne!, "C8&, A, Gile!Dnterscience, H1H 9.

*uringh, ., "C8C, ntroduction to the stud! of soils in tro9ical and su:tro9ical regions.Ga!ennigen, %entre for Agricultural u:lishing and $ocumentation

%a99er, .D'., G.F. %assie and J.$. 4eddes, "CHE, ro:lems in engineering soils. 'ondon,)9on 'td., &81 9. -rd ed.

%ha>ra:orti, /., "CH&, (stimating costing and s9ecifications in civil engineering. Ne; $elhi@9rivatel! 9u:lished

%hen, #.., "C81, A 'td.,"81 9.

%reager, G.., J.$. "C0E, Justin and J. 3inds, (ngineering for dams. Ne; +or>, John Gile! and)ons

(d;ards, $.J., "C8H, )almon and trout farming in Nor;a!. Farnham, )urre!, Fishing Ne;s *oo>'td., &EH 9.

3e9her, *. and +. ruginin, "CH", %ommercial fish farming ;ith s9ecial reference to fish culturein srael. Ne; +or>, Gile! nterscience, &1" 9.

3ora, ).'. and #.5.R. illa!, "C1&, 3and:oo> on fish culture in the ndoDacific region. FAO fish.

#ech. a9., @"?&E9.

3uet, /. and J.A. #immermans, "C8&, #eBt:oo> of fish culture? :reeding and cultivation of fish.Farnham, )urre!, Fishing Ne;s *oo>s 'td., -1 9. th ed.

Kafu>u, #., and 3. >eneone, "CH-, /odern methods of a!o, Kodansha'td., and Amsterdam, (lsevier, $evelo9ments in a


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'ee, J.)., "C8-, %ommercial catfish farming. $anville, llinois, nterstate rinters and u:lishers,nc., &1- 9.

'eitritz, (. and R.%. 'e;is, "CHE, #rout and salmon culture @hatcher! methods. %alif. Fish. *ull.,@"1?"C8 9.

'insle!, R.K., /.A. Kohler and J.'.3. aulhus, "C8C, A99lied h!drolog!. Ne; $elhi, #ata,/c4ra;D3ill u:lishing %o., 1HC 9.

/erritt, F.)., "C1H ,)tandard hand:oo> for civil engineers. Ne; +or>, /c4ra;D3ill *oo> %o.,9ag. var. &nd ed.

Ne;, /.*. and ). )inghol>a, "CH&, Fresh;ater 9ra;n farming. A manual for the culture of/acro:rachium rosen:ergii. FAO Fish. #ech. a9., @&&0?""1 9. ssued also in French and)9anish

illa!, #.5.R., "C88, lanning of as 'td., for FAO, 8& 9.

i9er, R.4. et al.,"CH&, Fish hatcher! management. Gashington, $.%., U.). $e9artment of thenterior, Fish and Gildlife )ervice, 0"8 9.

)tic>ne!, R.R., "C8C, rinci9les of ;arm;ater a, John Gile! Q )ons nc.,-80 9.

#ang, +.A., "C8C, h!sical 9ro:lems in fish farm construction. n Advances in as 'td., for FAO, 99. CCD"E

#a9iador, $.$. et al., "C88, Fresh;ater fisheries and a


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& #o design small dams ;ith small ;ater catchment areas @ "EE >m for a flood estimate re

E.0E E.0 E.E

#he time of concentration, #c,is the time it ta>es for ;ater to flo; from the most distant 9oint in

the ;ater catchment area to the outlet 9oint. An e


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&. /(#3O$ OF ()#/A#N4 ANNUA' UN# GA#(R +('$ FOR UN4AU4($ GA#(R%A#%3/(N# AR(A)

n order to determine the annual ;ater !ield estimated from a catchment area ;here there is notenough data to ma>e an accurate calculation, the follo;ing formulas 9ro9osed :! *ren>en can:e used?

Re)ion !ormula

Arid ee9 the Organization informed of an! conflictsor 9ro:lems arising in relation to the authorities of the countr! concerned.

@: #he %ontractor shall have the sole and full res9onsi:ilit! for the 9erformance of hiso:ligations under this %ontract eBce9t as ma! :e 9rovided for in this %ontract or in a ;rittenauthorization :! the Organization, the %ontractor shall not enter into an! su:contracts orother;ise assign, transfer or charge to an! third 9art! an! of his rights or o:ligations under this%ontract.

@c Nothing in this %ontract or relating thereto shall :e construed as constituting a ;aiver or9rivileges or immunities of the Organization, nor as conferring an! 9rivileges or immunities onthe %ontractor or his em9lo!ees.

@d No official, em9lo!ee, or other re9resentative of the Organization shall have an! share in this%ontract, or receive an! :enefit therefrom.

@e n the event of an! conflict or inconsistenc! :et;een the 9rovisions of )ection and )ection of this %ontract, the former shall 9revail.

Article & D $ela!s and $efaults


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@a f there should :e an! dela! in the 9erformance of this %ontract or an! 9art thereof, the%ontractor shall notif! the Organization in ;riting giving the cause, such notification to reach theOrganization no later than ten da!s after the date on ;hich the dela! is >no;n :! the%ontractor.

@: f the %ontractor is una:le to o:tain an! materials or services necessar! for the 9erformance

of the %ontract from his normal sources of su99l!, he shall remain lia:le for an! dela!s ;henee deliver! of the material or to com9lete items orservices ree a corres9onding ad=ustment to the consideration 9a!a:le to the %ontractor

9rovided, ho;ever, that the %ontractor shall continue 9erformance of the %ontract to the eBtentnot sus9ended or cancelled under the 9rovisions of this 9aragra9h.

@d #he %ontractor shall :e lia:le for an! eBcess costs or damage caused to the Organization :!a failure or dela! on the 9art of the %ontractor in the 9erformance of his o:ligations under the%ontract, eBce9t ;here such failure or dela! is due to?

@i causes ;hich are attri:uta:le to the Organization

@ii an! unforeseen cause :e!ond the control of and ;ithout the fault or negligence of the%ontractor, including :ut not limited to acts of 4od, acts of 4overnments, fires, floods,e9idemics, es, loc>Douts, and freight em:argoes.

@e f, in the event of a default :! the %ontractor or a dela! attri:uta:le to him, the Organizationis of the o9inion that the determination of actual eBcess costs or damages, or an! 9art thereof,incurred :! the Organization is not 9ractica:le, the Organization ma! re


44/58

@a #he Organization ma! eBamine an! item, e


45/58

@: f the contracting 9arties are una:le to reach an agreement on an!


46/58

9ost9oned until the actual cost difference can :e ascertained, 9rovided, ho;ever, that no claimsfor ad=ustment shall :e receiva:le after the date of final 9a!ment under this %ontract.

@: An! modifications to this %ontract other than the changes 9rovided for under 9ara. @a a:oveshall :e effected :! amendment to the %ontract to :e mutuall! agreed :et;een the 9artieshereto.

Article H D #ermination

@a #he Organization shall have the right to terminate this %ontract if it considers that thecontinued im9lementation of the %ontract is im9ossi:le or im9ractical?@i for unforeseen causes :e!ond the control of the Organization@ii in the event of a default or dela! on the 9art of the %ontractor.

@: f this %ontract should :e terminated, the follo;ing shall a99l!?

@i the Organization shall com9lete all 9a!ments ;hich ma! :e due u9 to the effective date of

termination

@ii the %ontractor shall deliver all ;or> in 9rocess and in an! event shall ta>e all reasona:lemeasures to avoid an! loss or deterioration of goods or ee effect at the earliest"E @ten da!s after recei9t thereof :! the addressee, it :eing understood that the 9rovisions ofthe %ontract a99lica:le to the ;inding u9 of the %ontract, the li


47/58

@: Notice shall :e considered as effected as on the date of deliver! to the addressee.

)igned on :ehalf of

#3( FOO$ AN$ A4R%U'#UR( OR4AN6A#ON

OF #3( UN#($ NA#ON)

Name and #itle?

$ate?

)igned on :ehalf of

Name and #itle?

$ate?

"NNEA & #PECI" PROBI#ION#

%ontract No.

Article " D Gor> and )ervices to :e eBecuted :! the %ontractor

#he %ontractor shall eBecute the ;or> and services set out in the )tatement of Gor>, )ervicesand )9ecifications attached hereto as AnneB..., it :eing understood that such ;or> andservices shall include those ;hich, ;hile not s9ecificall! 9rovided for in the said AnneB... areim9lied :! generall! acce9ted usages and standards of the trade and industr!.

Article & D ( and services as set out in Article " a:ove, the %ontractorshall :e res9onsi:le for 9roviding, at his cost, all 9ersonnel, e


48/58

#he 9resent contract is not su:=ect to 9a!ment of an! levies, taBes, registration duties or an!other duties or charges ;hatsoever.

Article 1 D )tatement of Accounts andMor nvoices of %ontractor

#he %ontractor shall address all statements of accounts andMor invoices for sums due for9a!ment in accordance ;ith the terms of the 9resent contract to the Office of the ResidentRe9resentative of the United Nations $evelo9ment rogramme, hereinafter referred to as theUN$, after their certification :! the Organizations Resident (ngineer.

Article 8 D Over9a!ments

#he %ontractor shall 9a! or reim:urse to the Organization in the currenc! of original 9a!ment, orin a currenc! to :e mutuall! agreed u9on?@i Over9a!ments made :! the Organization

@ii %osts incurred :! the Organization for the 9rocurement of alternative ;or>, services or

su99lies due to the %ontractors default.

Article H D Remuneration and /ethod of a!ment

@a n full consideration of the ;or> and services to :e eBecuted :! the %ontractor and su:=ect tothe terms and conditions set out :elo;, the Organization shall 9a! to the %ontractor u9onrecei9t at the Office of the Resident Re9resentative of the UN$ of invoices in tri9licate, dul!certified :! the Organizations Resident (ngineer a total amount not toeBceed ............................ calculated in accordance ;ith the *ill of 7uantities and %ontract%osts, as sho;n in AnneB ...

@: #he total amount s9ecified in 9aragra9h @a a:ove shall :e 9aid in accordance ;ith the

follo;ing schedule?

@i U9on recei9t at the Office of the Resident Re9resentative of the UN$ of siB co9ies of the9resent contract signed in due form :! the %ontractor, and the insurance 9olicies effected inaccordance ;ith Article "C :elo;, the %ontractor shall :e entitled to a 9a!ment on account of&0 of the total amount of the contract. #his 9a!ment is further su:=ect to the %ontractorarranging, at his o;n cost, for a *an> 4uarantee issued :! a *an> acce9ta:le to the ResidentRe9resentative of the UN$, ;hich guarantee shall ;arrant the unconditional refund to theOrganization :! the *an>, u9on recei9t of a notification from the Organization, of the amount ofthe first 9a!ment made to the %ontractor in accordance ;ith this 9aragra9h. #his guaranteeshall follo; the outline of the $raft *an> 4uarantee attached hereto as AnneB... and shallremain valid until the Organizations (ngineer has issued certificates of com9letion for all the

construction ;or>s covered :! the 9resent contract.

@ii U9on recei9t at the Office of the Resident Re9resentative of the UN$ of monthl! invoices intri9licate, dul! certified :! the Organizations Resident (ngineer or other designatedre9resentative at the site, and stating the and services com9leted, the%ontractor is entitled to the 9a!ment of the amount certified after deduction on a 9ro rata :asisof the &0 referred to in su:D9aragra9h @i a:ove, it :eing understood that the total amount thus9aid shall not eBceed H0 of the total amount of the contract.


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@iii U9on recei9t at the Office of the Resident Re9resentative of the UN$ of a certificate ofsatisfactor! com9letion of all ;or> and services referred to in the 9resent contract, dul! certified:! the Organizations Resident (ngineer or other designated re9resentative at the site and aninvoice in tri9licate, the %ontractor is entitled to a final 9a!ment of "0 of the total amount of thecontract, reduced if necessar!, :! the amount of 9enalties enforcea:le in accordance ;ith the9rovisions of Article "E, 9aragra9h @: :elo;. )uch final 9a!ment shall :e further su:=ect to

recei9t of a :an> guarantee, arranged at the eB9ense of the %ontractor, for an amount not toeBceed 0 of the total amount of the contract, issued :! a *an> acce9ta:le to the ResidentRe9resentative of the UN$, and ;hich shall follo; the outline of the $raft *an> 4uaranteeattached hereto as AnneB ... and shall remain valid until the com9letion of the maintenance9eriod in accordance ;ith the 9rovisions of Article "& :elo;.

Article C D Revision of rices

t is understood :et;een the Organization and the %ontractor that the 9rices as s9ecified inAnneB... of the 9resent contract are firm and shall not :e revised under an! circumstances.

Article "E D *onus for earl! %om9letion and enalties

@a No :onus shall :e due to the %ontractor for earl! com9letion of the ;hole or 9art of thecontract.

@: #he %ontractor and the Organization agree that the Organization ma! ;ithold from an!9a!ments due to the %ontractor an amount e of dela! in the satisfactor! com9letionof 9art or all of the construction ;or>s :e!ond the dates s9ecified in AnneB ... , it :eingunderstood that the ;itholding :! the Organization of the said amount does not in an! ;a!constitute a ;aiver :! the Organization of its rights under )ection , Article & of the 9resentcontract.

Article "" D %ertificates of %om9letion of Gor>s

@a Ghen the ;hole or 9art of the ;or>s have :een com9leted in accordance ;ith the terms ofthe 9resent contract, the Organizations Resident (ngineer shall issue %ertificates of%om9letion stating the dates on ;hich the ;or>s or 9arts thereof, ;ere com9leted inaccordance ;ith the terms of the 9resent contract. )uch %ertificates of %om9letion ma! :eissued, if necessar!, su:=ect to an! tests as ma! :e 9rescri:ed :! the Resident (ngineer :eingsatisfactoril! concluded.

@: #he date or dates s9ecified in the %ertificates of %om9letion issued in accordance ;ith the9rovisions of the 9receding 9aragra9h shall :e the o9erative date@s for the com9utation of

dela!s and 9enalties ;here necessar!.

Article "& D eriod of /aintenance

For the 9ur9oses of the 9resent contract eriod of /aintenance shall mean a 9eriod of one!ear calculated from the date of com9letion of 9art or all of the ;or>s certified :! theOrganizations Resident (ngineer in accordance ;ith the 9rovisions of Article "" 9aragra9h @aa:ove.


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Article "- D %om9letion of eriod of /aintenance

U9on com9letion of the 9eriod of maintenance, the Organizations Resident (ngineer shall issuea /aintenance %ertificate stating that the ;or>s, eBce9t for fair ;ear and tear, have :eencom9leted and maintained to his satisfaction. f the Organizations Resident (ngineer is of theo9inion that he is una:le to issue the /aintenance %ertificate, the %ontractor shall com9lete, as

soon as 9ossi:le at his o;n cost all such ;or>s of re9air as ma! :e re


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@a On each site, the %ontractor shall maintain a log:oo> for the entr! or recording u9on eachvisit to the site and, at least, on a ;ee>l! :asis, of the follo;ing?@i )u99lies of constructional 9lant, e eBecuted and el! to influence the 9rogress of ;or>s.

@: #he Organizations Resident (ngineer shall 9rovide the %ontractor ;ith the necessar!guidance for maintaining the log:oo> ;hich should have t;o detacha:le co9ies for each original9age.

@c #he site log:oo> shall :e made availa:le to the Organizations Resident (ngineer u9on hisree9t 9ermanentl! on the site. U9on com9letion of the ;or>sthe log:oo> shall :e handed over to the Organizations Resident (ngineer.

Article "1 D Organization of the %onstruction )ite

@a )ave for the 9rovision of the construction site@s, all measures necessar! for the organizationof such site@s shall :e the res9onsi:ilit! of the %ontractor. n 9articular, the %ontractor shall :eres9onsi:le for the follo;ing at his o;n cost?@i #he esta:lishment of foot9aths and :uilders roads. )uch foot9aths and roads ma! :e freel!used :! the Organizations (ngineer and his authorised agents or assistants and such otherenter9rises or firms as ma! :e called u9on to assist in construction ;or>s on the same site

@ii #he la!out of the :uildings ;hich entails the use of alignments and levelling

@iii #he availa:ilit! of ;ater for construction ;or>s, drin>ing ;ater, and electricit! for theconstruction ;or>s

@iv #he 9rovision of fencing, lighting, sign9osts, cleaning, nightD;atchman services andmaintenance of the construction site

@v #he renting of additional s9ace for the storage of :uilding es if the construction site is inadee all such measures as are necessar! to 9revent the occurrence ofaccidents caused or occasioned :! the eBecution of the ;or>s. #he %ontractor shall :eres9onsi:le for an! accident or damage caused to 9ersons, 9ro9ert!, 9u:lic high;a!s and

constructional ;or> arising from the trans9ort of constructional 9lant or es, the %ontractor shall ensure that no unnecessar!interference ;ith traffic is caused :! o9erations necessar! for the eBecution of the ;or>s


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@ii #he construction site shall :e ades and re9resent the %ontractor inrelations ;ith the Organizations Resident (ngineer. #he designation of a re9resentative :! the%ontractor shall not relieve the %ontractor of his o:ligations under the 9resent %ontract

@: #he %ontractor or his re9resentative shall attend all meetings convened :! theOrganizations Resident (ngineer on the construction site. #he %ontractors re9resentative shall:e em9o;ered to 9rovide the necessar! instructions forth;ith to the em9lo!ees of the%ontractor.

Article "C D nsurances at the cost of the %ontractor

@a Githout 9re=udice to the relevant 9rovisions of )ection of the 9resent contract, the%ontractor shall :e insured in such a manner against all material or 9h!sical damage, loss orin=ur! from ;hatever cause arising from the eBecution of the contract as ;ould :e re


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9arties, including the 4overnment, 4overnment officials and the Organization and its officials.#he %ontractor shall :e res, the %ontractor shall clear a;a! and remove fromthe site all sur9lus materials, ru::ish and tem9orar! ;or>s of ever! >ind and leave the ;hole ofthe site and ;or>s clean and in a ;or>manli>e condition to the satisfaction of the OrganizationsResident (ngineer. Failure :! the %ontractor to clean the site ;ill cause the 4overnment to doso at the eB9ense of the %ontractor.

Article &" D atent Rights and Ro!alties

#he %ontractor shall hold harmless the Organization and the 4overnment from and against allclaims and 9roceedings for and on account of infringement of an! 9atent, trademar> or other9rotected rights used :! him for the eBecution of the ;or>s.

Article && D ns9ection of )ite

@a #he %ontractors :id shall :e deemed to have :een formulated after ins9ection of the siteand o:taining all necessar! information as to ris>s, contingencies and other circumstances

;hich ma! influence or affect the eBecution of the contract.

@: n 9articular, and ;ithout 9re=udice to the generalit! of the foregoing, the %ontractor shall :edeemed to have ta>en full account of the follo;ing

@i eBisting :uildings, construction ;or>s, ca:les, 9i9es, etc.

@ii surface and su:Dsurface conditions and the eBistence of roc>s, etc.

@iii the 9resence and nature of surface and su:Dsurface ;ater and modification of suchh!drological conditions ;hich might result from construction ;or>s

@iv dro9s or gradients and slo9es

@v meteorological and climatic conditions

@vi means of access to the site

@vii availa:ilit! of necessar! ;ater and electricit!.


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Article &- D $esignation of the Organizations Resident (ngineer

For the 9ur9oses of the 9resent contract, the Organizations Resident (ngineer is?

/r. .............................@title...........................@address.....................

"NNEA CON#TRUCTION O! CIP"T" !I# !"R5 IN "5$I"

". 4(N(RA'

"." )co9e of Gor>

#he ;or> contem9lated under this contract includes general civil engineering ;or>s for theconstruction of the fish farm ;ith a ;ater surface of .0 ha, at %hi9ata, all as detailed in the :illof are as detailed herein after. #hese s9ecifications shall:e read in con=unction ;ith relevant 6am:ian )tandard s9ecifications. Ghere 6am:ians9ecifications are not availa:le, the s9ecifications 9rovided :! the Resident (ngineer @the(ngineer or his Re9resentative ;ill :e final and the ;or> shall :e eBecuted accordingl!. Gherethe s9ecifications in the 6am:ian )tandard s9ecifications are in variance ;ith s9ecificationsdetailed herein, the s9ecifications herein shall govern.

".& 'a:oratories for Resident (ngineer

#he %ontractor shall 9rovide, maintain and remove, if res, an!testing la:oratories re.

".0 (Bisting ground levels


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#he %ontractor shall satisf! himself that the eBisting ground levels as indicated on the $ra;ingsor schedules of cross section levels are correct. #o control the eBisting ground levels theelevations of the #em9orar! *ench /ar>s @$R4. No. & shall :e used.

)hould the %ontractor ;ish to dis9ute an! levels, the ground in the area under dis9ute shall not:e distur:ed :efore the (ngineer has given his decision as to the levels to :e used.

".1 rogramme of Gor>s

#he 9rogramme to :e 9rovided :! the %ontractor shall set out all the o9erations res 9lotted against a time scale in ;ee>s and shall indicate the re


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#he cement :ags shall :e stored in such a manner as to 9ermit eas! access for 9ro9erins9ection. )tac>s shall not :e more than "E :ags in height and also should :e 8E cm a;a!from the ;alls.

#he cement, if stored more than "&E da!s, shall :e tested for soundness :efore use on allim9ortant ;or>s. f it is found defective in an! ;a! it shall :e condemned for use.

&. aint and Other rotective %oatings for )teel;or>

All 9aints etc. eBce9t ;here other;ise descri:ed are to :e first s

As:estos cement 9i9es shall com9l! ;ith the re


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&.C #im:er

#im:ers for sto9logs @$R4. No. "& shall :e of the :est s, loose >nots, cross grain, sa9;ood, sha>es and other defects and eBce9t ;hereother;ise a99roved, ;rought on all faces.

&."E Gater

Gater used for :oth miBing and curing concrete as ;ell as ma>ing mortar shall :e clean andfresh and free from organic or inorganic matter in solution or sus9ension in such amounts thatma! im9air the strength or dura:ilit! of the concrete. Gater for ma>ing concrete shall :e testedin accordance ;ith *) -"H.

-. %'(ARN4 AN$ R(ARN4 OF )#(

-." )ite %learing

#he %ontractor shall demolish, :rea> u9 and remove su9erficial o:structions on the site of thefish farm in the ;a! or other;ise affected :! the Gor>s. 3e shall clear each 9art of the site attimes and to eBtent re, the area demarcated for eBcavation of drains construction of di>esshall :e cleared of :ushes, vegetation and trees. )tum9s and tree roots shall, unless other;isedirected :! the (ngineer, :e gru::ed u9, and de9osited off the site in dum9s to :e 9rovided :!the %ontractor.

-.& )tri99ing #o9 )oil

Unless other;ise directed, "E cm to9soil shall :e removed from all construction areas and for

reDuse in the surface dressing of the di>es for grassing shall :e stoc>9iled at thearea located:et;een the di>es of the 9onds -, 1, C and /asu9e River.

. (AR#3GORK)

." 4eneral

."." $escri9tion of ;or>

#he di>es, :ottoms, drains and feeder canals shall :e constructed according to the dimensionsand slo9es as 9er t!9ical cross sections and longitudinal sections enclosed or as 9er crosssections a99roved :! the (ngineer.

.".& $efinitions, classifications and general use of earth;or>s materials

Formation level shall mean the surface level of the ground o:tained after com9letion of theearth;or>s.


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)uita:le material shall com9rise all material ;hich is acce9ta:le for use in the construction ofdi>es and ;hich is ca9a:le of :eing com9acted in the manner s9ecified in %lause .- to form asta:le fill having side slo9es as indicated on the $ra;ings.

Unsuita:le /aterial shall mean other than )uita:le /aterial and shall include?

@i /aterial from s;am9s, marshes, dam:os or :ogs

@ii eat, logs, stum9s and 9erisha:le material

@iii /aterial susce9ti:le to s9ontaneous com:ustion