TENSE AND PASSIVE VOICE

AUTHORS:- Abid Rodhi Fanani

- Achmad Badawi- Adib Fathoni

LECTURE:Waluyo Sugiharto, M.Pd.

Welcome

Chapter 1

TENSEWhat is TENSE?

”Any of the forms of a verb that may be used to indicate the time of the action or the state expressed by the verb: present/past/future tense.”

The differences between English and Indonesian.

IndonesiaGaluh makan kemarinGaluh makan besokGaluh makan sekarangGaluh makan setiap

hari

• English

• Galuh ate yesterday

• Galuh will eat tomorrrow• Galuh is eating now• Galuh eats everydaychange

constant change

change

Compounding TenseVerbal

Simple-

ContinuousBe + Ving

PerfectHave + V3

Perfect Cont.Have + been + Ving

PresentVs/es V s/es Is/am/are +

Ving

Have/has + V3

+ been + Ving

PastV2 V2 Was/were +

Ving

Had + V3 Had + been + V3

FutureWillshall

Willshall

Willshall

Willshall

Willshall

Past FutureWouldshould

Wouldshould

Wouldshould

Wouldshould

Wouldshould

+ Vbare

+ Vbare

Hashave

+ Vbare

+ be + Ving + have + V3

+ have + been + Ving

+ Vbare + be + Ving

+ have + V3

+ have + been + Ving

NominalBe + 3C

Simple-

ContinuousBe + Ving

PerfectHave + V3

Perfect Cont.Have + been + Ving

PresentV s/es is/am/are +

3CHave + been + 3CHas

PastV2

Was/were + 3C

Had + been + V3

FutureWillshall

Willshall

Willshall

Past FutureWouldshould

Wouldshould

Wouldshould

+ Vbare

+ Vbare

+ be + 3C

+ be + 3C

+ have + been + 3C

+ have + been + 3C

Subject Verb AgreementSubject

Is/am/are

Was/were

Do/does

Did Have/has

had Will/shall

Would/should

V1

s/es

I Is Was Do did Have had Will/Shall

Would/should

V1

SheHeItAna

Is Was Does Did Has Had Will Would

V s/es

TheyWeYouHanik & Riana

Are Were Do Did Have Had Will Would

V1

PASSIVE VOICE What is Passive Voice?

A sentence which the subject receives theaction.

Form : be + V3

Sentence : Verbal sentence Verb : Transitive Verbeg. My mother waters the flowers.

The flowers are watered by my mother.

Criteria

S Vt O O

S aux. Vt O

TensesThere are 10 tenses that can be passive

S. Pr. : S + is/am/are + V3 + by + O S. Ps. : S + was/were + V3 + by + O Pr. C. : S + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + O Ps. C. : S + was/were + being + V3

Pr. Pf. : S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O Ps. Pf. : S + had + been + V3 + by + O S. F. : S + will/shall + be + V3 + by + O S + is/am/are + going to + be + V3 + by + O F. Pf. : S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + by + O Ps. Pf. : S + had + been + V3 + by + O Ps. F. Pf. : S + would/should + have + been + V3 + by + O

How to make a passive voice?Place the complement of the active sentence at the

beginning of the passive sentence.If there any auxiliaries in the active sentence, place them

immediately after the new subject agreeing in number with the subject.

Insert the verb be after the auxiliary or the auxiliaries in the same form as the main verb in the active sentence.

Place the main verb from the active sentence after the auxiliaries and be in the past participle.

Place the subject of the active sentence after the verb in the passive sentence preceded by the preposition by. (This can be eliminated completely if it is not important or is understood and it is an indefinite pronoun.)

- Active : Ihda writes three letters. S V O

- Passive : Three letters are written by Ihda. S aux. ord. O

- Active : Someone knocks my door every night. S V O Adv.

- Passive : My door is knocked (by someone) every night. S Aux. Ord. O Adv.

- Active : The goverment built Monas. S V O

- Passive : Monas was built (by goverment). S Aux. Ord. O

Examples:

Stative Passive

What is Stative Passive?

Stative Passive is a sentence which is formed be + V3 which is showing state.

Characterictics : - State meaning - The verb which can be used is all verb at

dictionary which can be adjective while V3.

Examples:

• - Yesterday, my door was broken by iiiNandar. (passive).

- Now, my door is broken. (stative passive)• We are closed. (stative passive)

Thank youBye - bye