tenses in english indonesia
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CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tensewhen we talk about something which is
happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please dont make so much noise. Im studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuouswhen we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuouswhen we talk about the changing situation.Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW,ETC
1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :
1.3.A. Positive Pattern
S + am/is/are + Verb 4.Now
S + sedang + 4..sekarang
Examples :1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
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6. They are playing football in the field now.
7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
8. The students are doing sport now.
1.3.b The Negative Pattern
S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4 Now
S + tidak sedang + 4 .sekarangExample :
1. I am not studying now
2. He is not sleeping now3. My father is not watching television now.
4. we arent going to Jakarta Tomorrow.
1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern
Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4..Now?
Apakah + S + sedang + 4sekarang ?
Examples :1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt
3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isnt
1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern
QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4...Now?
QW + yang + S + 4..sekarang?Examples :
1. what are you doing now ? studying
2. Where is he studying English now ? at school
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.
1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.
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EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)
1. They are speaking English now.2. We are not reading now.
3. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isnt.
4. What is your father looking at now ? a picture.
5. He is watching Plan to kill on TV now.
6. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
7. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?
EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the
underlined words in the following sentences.
1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.
2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now.
3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now.
4. My father is teaching Biology at school now.
EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.
1. Are you studying English now ?
2. Is your father reading a newspaper now?3. Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
4. Are They singing a song at home now?
5. Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
6. What is your mother doing now?
7. What is your brother doing now?
EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs
Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating,drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining,
talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training,
working
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CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE
2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense
We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.
2.2. The Adverbs of time used
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last.., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.
2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense
2.3.1. The Positive Pattern
S + Verb 2 Yesterday
S + 2..
Examples :1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We studied English here last week.
3. They played football in the field yesteryear
2.3.2. The Negative Pattern
S + didnt + Verb 1 ..Yesterday
S + tidak + 1kemarin
Examples :
1. John didnt see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We didnt study here last week.3. They didnt play football in the field yesteryear.
2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern
Did + S + Verb 1..Yesterday?
Apakah + S + 1kemarin?
Examples:
1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didnt2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didnt
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3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
didnt
2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern
QW + did + S + Verb 1.Yesterday?
Qw + yang + S + 1.?
Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
QW + Verb 2.Yesterday? S + did
QW + 2..?Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !
1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin
2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu
4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya.
EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.
1.
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3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
We often use will in this situation:
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. Ill help with it.
Agreeing and refusing to do something:
e.g. Ive asked john to help me but he wont
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Asking someone to do something.
Will you close the window,please!The pattern :
S + will/shall + Verb 1 Tomorrow
S + wont/shant + Verb 1 Tomorrow
Will/Shall + S + Verb 1.. Tomorrow?
QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1.Tomorrow?
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:Theres a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1
S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1
Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1.. .?
QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1 ..?
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4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
e.g. + The earth goes round the sun
- The earth doesnt go round the sun
? Does the earth go round the sun ?
+ I get up at 8 oclock every morning
- I dont get up at 8 oclock every morning
? Do you get up at 8 oclock very morning?
The pattern :
S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today
S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today
Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today?
QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today?
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:
e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ?
Mary doesnt often drink tea.
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5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use past continuous Tense to say thatsomeone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadnt finished:
This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middleof something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
S + was/were + verb 4.When + s + Verb 2.
S + was/were + not + Verb 4.When + s + Verb 2
Was/were + S + verb 4. When + s + Verb 2 . .?
QW + was/were + S + verb 4When + s + Verb 2 ?
e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
- She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?
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6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announcerecent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? Shes gone to Jakarta.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something hashappened sooner than expected :
e.g. Dont forget to post this letter, will you? Ive already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense withjust (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ivejust had lunch.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We often use ever and never with the present perfect:
e.g. have you ever eaten caviar?
We have never had a car.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time, It the firsttime
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has itstopped raining yet ? (not did it stop).
The pattern:
S + have/has + verb 3.etc
S + havent/hasnt + Verb 3..etc
Have/has + S + verb 3.. .etc?
QW + have/has + S + verb 3..etc?
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7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before thistime :
Example :
- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home- When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had
stolen my fur coat.
- George didnt want to come to the cinema with us because he had already
seen the film twice.- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadnt
flown before.
The pattern:
S + had + verb 3when/before S + V2
S + hadnt + Verb 3 when/before S + V2
Had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
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8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + have/has + been + verb 4etc
S + havent/hasnt + been + verb 4etc
Have/has + S + been + verb 4.etc ?
QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4etc ?
Example :
- Pelajar pelajartengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini
+ The students have been singing since this morning
- The students havent been singing since this morning? Have the students been singing since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam
4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam
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9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + had been + verb 4when S + V2
S + hadnt been + Verb 4 when S + V2
Had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?
Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
+ They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
- They hadnt been doing the homework when I came yesterday
? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi
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10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock
S + wont be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock
Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at.oclock ?
QW + will + S + be +Verb 4oclock ?
Example :
- Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi
+ You will be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning
- You wont be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning? Will you be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi
2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam
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11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + will have + verb 3 + .by the end
S + wont have + Verb 3 + ..by the end.
Will + S + have + Verb 3 + by the end. ?
QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +by the end ?
Example :
- Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.
+ We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
- We wont have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini
3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini
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12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will have been + verb 4since.
S + wont have been + verb 4.since.
Will + S + have been + verb 4since.?
QW + will + S + have been + verb 4.since..?
Example :
- Mereka tengah akan belajarsejakpagi besok
+ They will have been studying since this morning- They wont have been studying since this morning
? Will they have been studying since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
selama tiga tahun
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
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13. PAST FUTURE TENSE
S + would + V1IF + S + verb 2.etc
S + wouldnt + verb 1.+ object..etc
Would + S + verb 1 .+ object ...etc ?
Example :
1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya
I would come if you invited me
2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang
Tom would travel if he had more money
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan
3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus
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14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE
S + would be + Verb 4when S + verb 2.etc
S + wouldnt + be + verb 4.when S + verb 2etc
Would + S + be + verb 4 .. when S + verb 2etc ?
Example :
- Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang
+ They would be going home when we came
- They wouldnt be going home when we came? Would they be going home when we came ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu
3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola
waktu itu.
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15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + would have + verb 3..IF + S + had + verb 3.
S + wouldnt have + verb 3 object..etc
Would + S + have + verb 3 .object..etc ?
Example :
- Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam
pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan
begitu sulit.
3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello
4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
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16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + would have + been + verb 4..IF + S + had + verb 3.
S + wouldnt have been + verb 4.objectetc
Would + S + have been + verb 4.. .object..etc ?
Example :
- Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota
sudah datang tepat pada waktunya
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come
on time.
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada
waktunya.
2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu
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17. Abbreviation (singkatan)
1. I am = Im
2. You are = Youre
3. We are = Were
4. They are = Theyre
5. He is = Hes
6. She is = Shes
7. It is = Its
8. Will not = wont
9. Would not = Wouldnt
10. Do not = Dont
11. Does not = Doesnt
12. Did not = Didnt
13. Is not = Isnt
14. Are not = Arent
15. Was not = Wasnt
16. Were not = Werent
17. Have not = Havent
18. Has not = Hasnt
19. Had not = Hadnt
20. Can not = Cant
21. Could not = Couldnt
22. Must not = Mustnt23. Should not = Shouldnt
24. Might not = Mightnt
25. May not = Maynt
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18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)
Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatanatau yang predikatnya berawalan di/ ter
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:
S + To be + V3by
4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk
membentuk awalan : di.atau: ter
5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumuskalimat aktif)
Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :
1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3by
2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3by
3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3.
5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3
6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3
7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3
9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3
11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3
12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3
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13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3
14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3
15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3
Penjelasan :
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has beenbeing, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
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19. PASSIVE VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM
1. Present Future Tense
= S tak akan di
Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense
= S tidak sedang akan di
.
Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
= S belum akan di
Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.
5. Simple Present Tense
Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.
6. Present Continuous Tense
Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang
7. Present Perfect Tense
Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan-
kawan saya.
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S + Wont be + V3.(by him)
S + Wont be + being + V3(by them).
S + Wont have been + V3.(by her)
S + Wont have been + V3.(by the Bank)
S + (am not/isnt/arent) + V3.(by the Judge)
S + (am not/isnt/arent) + being + V3 (by)
S + (hasnt/havent) + been + V3.(by ..)
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8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun
yang lalu.
9. Past Perfect Tense
Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung
terbunuh.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomidilimpahkan ke-propinsi.
11. Simple Past Tense
Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para
koruptor.
12. Past Continuous Tense
Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
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S + (hasnt/havent) + been + being + V3by..
S + hadnt been + V3by..
S + hadnt been + being + V3(by.)
S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.)
S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.)
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Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.
20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE
1. Present Future Tense
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ?
When + ? = Few years from now.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ?
What time + ... ? = At 9 oclock.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ?
What + .. ? = Your job.
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,.
Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negarabangkrut ?
Why + ... ? = Because none is hones in
government.
5. Simple Present Tense
= Yes/No,
Communicative English Course 25
Will + S + be + V3(by..) few years from now ?
Will + S + have been + V3 ?
Will + S + have been + V3?
Will + S + have been + being + V3 ?
(Am /Is/Are) + S + V3. ?
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Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ?
By whom + . ? = By our director.
6. Present Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ?
Where + . ? = At the airport.
7. Present Perfect Tense
= Yes/No,...
Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?
How many tickets + .. ? = 5 tickets
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?
How long + . ? = For 3 days.
9. Past Perfect Tense
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum
mereka menyerahkan diri ?
Who + ? = The robbers.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada DepartemenPendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ?
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(Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3. ?
(Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ?
(Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3. ?
Had + S + been + V3. ?
Had + S + been + being + V3. ?
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How long + . ? = More than 3 year.
11. Simple Past Tense= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ?
What + . ? = Tomys problem.
12. Past Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika sayaada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
By whom + ? = By the mayor.
13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keteranganwaktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
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(Were/Was) + S + V3 . ?
(Were/Was) + S + being + V3 ?
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21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET
Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.
II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut:1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.
2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.
3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A.
Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
3. He is having a mechanic etc now
B.
Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday
Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have.
(have (has) had had having)
C.
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S + to have + someone + V1 + etc
S + to have + something +
S + to get + someone + to + V1 + etc
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Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow
2. He doesnt get me to come to his house today3. He has get me to bring a dictionary
D.
Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias)2. I wont get my hair cut short.
3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now
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S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + etc
Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda
Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him,
Ones (kepunyaan) = my, your, her, our, theirEg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)
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THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke TENSES TERTENTU:
1. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + 2. S + will + have had + S.O + V1 +
3. S + have (has) + S.O + V1 +
4. S + had + S.O + V1 + 5. S + have + had + S.O + V1 +
has
6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + 7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 +
8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 +
9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 +
10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 +
12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 +
13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + 14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 +
15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 +
16. S + would + have been + having + S.O +
RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.
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S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + DST
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Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them.
Ones = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya.(T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat danbentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1 V2 V3 V4
have had had having
PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:
A. 1.
Eg :
2.
Eg :
3.
Eg : When ..
4.
Eg : Who has
5. = suruhlah !
Eg :
B. 1.
Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.
=
2.
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S + didint have + me + V1 + etc
Do +S + have + Us + V1 .?Does
S + wont have + ones house + V3 + etc
Have + someone + V1 + !
QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + ?
Who + has + someone +V1 + ?
Do +S + have + something + V3 today ?Does
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Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ?
= ... ?
3.
Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin
= .
4.
Siapa yang akan berpoto ?
= Who will have ones picture taken ?
Ones picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.
Communicative English Course 32
Who + will have + Ones + sth + V3 + ?
QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + yesterday
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LIST OF TRANSITIVE VERB
NoInfinitive
(Kata Dasar)
V1
Past Tense
V2
PastParticiple
V3
PresentParticiple
V4
The Meaning in Indonesian:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
to do
to have
to tell
to own
to read
to write
to listen
to speak
to say
to ask
to answer
to borrow
to lend
to give
to send
to repeat
to buy
to sell
to present
to wait (for)
did
had
told
owned
read
wrote
listened
spoke
said
asked
answered
borrowed
lent
gave
sent
repeated
bought
sold
presented
waited
done
had
told
owned
read
written
~ed
spoken
said
~ed
~ed
~ed
lent
given
sent
~ed
bought
sold
~ed
~ed
~ing
having
~ing
~ing
~ing
writing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
giving
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
mengerjkan, melakukan.
mempunyai
mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh.
memiliki
membaca
menulis
mendengarkan
berbicara, pandai berbahasa
berkata, mengatakan
bertanya, meminta, menyuruh
menjawab
meminjam (dari)
meminjamkan (kepada)
memberi (kan)
mengirim, menyuruh
mengulang
membeli
menjual
menyajikan (cerita, materi)
menunggu
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21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4041
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
to see
to visit
to invite
to reject
to refuse
to inprove
to avoid
to deny
to arrange
to plan
to make
to build
to burry
to scold
to rebuke
to bribe
to attack
to defend
to enforce
to learnto study
to copy
to compose
to review
to interview
to repair
to know
to understand
to take
to eat
to drink
to substitute
to succeed
saw
visited
invited
rejected
refused
improved
avoided
denied
arranged
planned
made
buit
burried
scolded
rebuked
bribed
attacked
defended
enforced
learntstudied
copied
composed
reviewed
intervived
repaired
knew
understood
took
ate
drank
~d
~ed
seen
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
denied
~ed
~ned
made
built
burried
~ed
~d
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
learntstudied
copied
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
known
understood
taken
eaten
drunk
~d
~d
~ing
~ing
inviting
~ing
refusing
improving
~ing
~ing
arranging
~ing
making
~ing
~ing
~ing
rebuking
bribing
~ing
~ing
enforcing
~ing~ing
~ing
composing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
taking
~ing
~ing
subtituting
~ing
melihat, bertemu, berkenalan
mengunjungi
mengundang, mengajak
menolak
menolak (tawaran, ajakan)
memperbaiki, meningkatkan
menghindari (kan)
menyangkal, mambantah
menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan
merencanakan
membuat, menyebabkan
membangun, mendirikan
menguburkan
memarahi
memarahi
menyuap, menyogok
menyerang
mempertahankan
memaksa, memberlakukan
belajarmempelajari
menyalin
menyusun, mengarang
mengulang kembali
mewawancarai
mereparasi
mengetahui, tahu, kenal
mengerti
mengambil, mengantarkan
makan
minum
mengganti
berhasil, menggantikan
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54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
7374
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
to devide
to nominate
to cook
to receive
to believe
to agree
to disagree
to propose
to oppose
to predict
to let
to put
to cut
to continue
to draw
to think
to express
to prove
to remember
to remindto warn
to memorize
to forget
to admire
to praise
to insult
to submit
to report
to open
to shut
to close
to mark
to weigh
~d
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
drew
thought
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed~ed
~d
forgot
~d
~d
~ed
~ted
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
drawn
thought
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed~ed
~d
forgotten
~d
~d
~ed
~ted
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
dividing
nominating
~ing
receiving
believing
~ing
~ing
proposing
opposing
~ing
~ting
~ting
~ting
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
proving
~ing
~ing~ing
memorizing
~ting
admiring
praising
~ing
~ting
~ing
~ing
~ting
closing
~ing
~ing
membagi
mencalonkan
memasak
menerima
percaya
setuju
tidak setuju
mengusulkan
menentang, melawan
meramalkan
membiarkan, mengijinkan
meletakkan
memotong
meneruskan, melanjutkan
menggambar, menarik
berpikir, berpendapat
menyatakan, mengutarakan
membuktikan
ingat
mengingatkanmemperingatkan
mengingat-ingat, menghafal
melupakan
mengagumi, memuji
memuji
menghina
menyerahkan
melaporkan
membuka
menutup
menutup
manandai, memberi tanda
menimbang
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87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106107
to measure
to evaluate
to taste
to hold
to touch
to teach
to return
to reply
to pay
to calculate
to throw
to hit
to beat
to bite
to hide
to serve
to explain
to interpret
to predict
to activateto motivate
~d
~d
~d
held
~ed
taught
~ed
replied
~ed
~d
threw
~ed
~ed
bit
hid
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d~d
~d
~d
~d
held
~ed
taught
~ed
replied
~ed
~d
thrown
~ed
~ed
beaten
hid
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d~d
measuring
evaluating
tasting
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
calculating
~ing
~ting
~ing
~ing
hiding
serving
~ing
~ing
~ing
activatingmotivating
mengukur
mengevaluasi
mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah)
memegang, mengadakan
menyentuh, meraba
mengajar
mengembalikan
menjawab
membayar
menghitung
melempar
memukul
memukul
menggigit
bersembunyi
melayani, menghidangkan
menerangkan
menafsirkan
meramalkan
mengaktifkan, menggiatkanmemotivasi, menggerakan
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive)
Contoh : to work ~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst.
to pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)