tensile structures-membranes

7/23/2019 Tensile Structures-Membranes

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Guimares, Portugal 21-23 July 2010

MEMBRANES IN

LIGHTWEIGHT AND

MEMBRANE STRUCTURES

AR.SUVARNA LELE

ER.SHIREESH PATIL

CHAUGULE PATIL CONSULTANTS P

LTD


2/80

They are Light weight as their structural stability is derived from their prestressed shape rather than the mass of material used .

Tensile structures allow larger spans with easier and cheaper constructions

and they cover vast expanse of spaces.

Membranes are uniform in thickness with a capacity to support imposed

loads due to their designed shapes and deflections.

Introduction

MEMBRANES IN LIGHT WEIGHT AND

MEMBRANE STRUCTURESAR.SUVARNA LELE ER.SHIRISH PATIL

Tensile structures


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The aim of this paper is to take an overview of the Membranes in cableand membrane structures.

Before installation on site a membrane has to go through several stages

right from design including the steps as form finding, load analysis and

design of fabric geometry.

The paper also talks about several shapes and forms a membrane can

achieve and the principle behind the design of these shapes.

Important aspect of membrane structure is availability of membranes in

market. This paper accounts various available covering materials in the

market and the criteria have to be considered before their installations on

the site.


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MEMBRANES IN LIGHT WEIGHT

AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURES

AR.SUVARNA LELE ER.SHIRISH PATIL

Anticlastic surface .(fig 2)Synclastic surface .( fig 1)

Membrane structure depends on double curvature to resist the imposed loads. The

shapes can be deciding factor of resistance of loads. The surfaces can be categoriesin Synclasic and Anticlasic surfaces.

1]Synclastic surface: Upward loads are resisted by a stress increase about both axesof the fabric while downward loads are neutralized by internal pressure. Inflatable

fabric structures are simplistic forms.( fig 1)

2]Anticlastic surface: Fibers with convex curvature. One surface resists the upwardload by increasing tension, while fibers with concave surface increase their tension to

resist downward loads.(fig 2)

BASIC SHAPES AND FORMS


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AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURESAR.SUVARNA LELE ER.SHIRISH PATIL

Hperbolic

Paraboloid Cone Arch

thread in tension changes conventional materials Curvature provides

geometry when in in tension and resistance to out of

Compression. compression. plane forces.


Tension conditions between tensile and conventional materials

The basic forms of all curvatures are hyperbolic paraboloids, cones or arches


6/80

Add your text




6 point membrane Chinese hat Center arch

Rectangular pneu 3D nodeCustom1

Custom2

Rhino design

Some More Shapes

(www.membranes24.com)

Evolution Of Several Forms From The Basic


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Add your text



Some More Shapes

Inflated bubble


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1.The first step in designing a fabric structure is to create a form with sufficient

PRE-STRESS or tension. Fabric structures must be clamped to a frame or be

pre-stressed in order to avoid fluttering like a flag or sail.

2.The second step is to DETERMINE THE BOUNDRIES of the tensioned fabric.

Boundaries include frames, walls, beams, columns and cables. The fabric is either

continuously clamped to frames, walls or beams or attached to columns with membrane

plates with adjustable hardware. In most cases the fabric forms a curved edge or

CATENERY between connection points requiring a cable, webbing belt or rope tocarry loads to the major structural points.

3.Once the primary points have been determined, the third step is referred to as

FORM FINDING. Form finding is the art of discovering the most efficient structure

which can be fabricated with as little waste as possible and can be transported andinstalled with ease, installation and fabrication.

4.The last step in the design process is ANALYSING the structures response to

loads, including dead loads and live loads (snow, wind, etc.).

DESIGN PROCESS




9/80

Add your text

Flowchart :Illustrating

General Approach to Tensil

Membrane Structure Design

and Engineering



AR.SUVARNA LELE,

ER SHIRISH PATIL


10/80

Add your text



Tensile membranes design process, from conception to realization

Construction,elevation

Membrane cutting and

manufacturing

Detailing

Cutting pattern

generation

Analysis

Form Finding

Conception

Requirements

Architects

Engineers

Contractors,Manufacturers.


11/80



(a) Grid Generation, (b) Form finding (c) Surface fitting,(d)Render

representation

Representation of a membrane structure with a nodal force using a 5x5 grid

Grid Generation Form Finding Surface Fitting Render

Hybrid Method Proposed for Tensile Membrane Design


12/80




http://fabricarchitecturemag.com/articles/0708_rv2_rhino.html

FROM CONCEPT TO SITE

1.SKETCHING.

2.COMPUTER DRAWING

3.PHYSICAL MODELLING

4.ACTUAL SITE

INSTALLATION


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Form-finding1.Soap and liquid plastic films: soap and liquids are excellent mediums to

experiment with as they exhibit excellent tensile capacity but lack shear

capacity. Wire or strings can act as cables and liquid as well as soap films

will form anticlastic shapes of pre stressed structures. The film or bubblecan be stretched to the limits till it breaks. Various shapes which are

formed after stressing the film can be noted and applied for further design.

2.Physical models Building:plays a significant part in design of structure.

The limitations and possibilities can be worked out by experimenting onthe physical models. The miniature model must carry or be identical with

the actual structure in properties. The structures are to be designed to be

in equilibrium conditions for applied loading conditions. The structures

mostly are designed to carry uniform pre stress in their membranes

Experimenting on physical models for evolution of different forms


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Add your text



Actual cutting process


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Add your text



Base Fabric: The uncoated fabric, also known as greige goods.

Bias: Oriented at 45 degrees to the warp and fill directions of the fabric.

Biaxial: Taken along two concurrent orthogonal directions, usually principal

directions.

Butt Seam: Seam created when the two pieces of fabric beingjoined togetherare butted together with a strip twice the width of the seam.

Catenary Cable Pocket: Edge treatment in which the fabric is folded over

on itself to form a pocket in which a catenary cable can be installed.

Catenary Cable Fitting: Device attached to the end of a cable to allow a

connection to another member. Fittings are swaged.Catenary: The curve theoretically formed by a perfectly flexible, uniformly dense fabric.

Catenary Cable Fitting: Steel cables that run through the pockets on the

perimeter of a tension fabric structure. The shape of the cable follows

that of the pocket, which is typically curved with a ratio of1:10.

The length of the cable is determined by the project engineer supplyingthe fabric patterning. The thickness of the cable is determined by the

engineer who calculates the reaction loads at the cable ends.

Coating: A material applied to a fabric for waterproofing and protection of

the fabric yarns.

Coating Adhesion: Strength of the bond between the substrate of a fabricand the coating.

TECHNICAL TERMS IN DESIGN OF TENSILE STRUCTURES


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Add your text



Compensation: The operation of shop fabricating a fabric structure of pieces

of the structure smaller in the unstressed condition than the actual installed size, to

account for the stretch at pre-stress level.

Elongation: The change in lengths of a material sample; normally this is

associated with some load or force acting on the sample. In fabric, this elongation. doesnot normally refer to true strain of the fiber elements as in the classical sense; but,

rather, normally refers to the apparent strain resulting from a straightening out of the

crimped yarns in the fabric matrix.

Equilibrium Shape: The configuration that a tensioned fabric surface assumes when

boundary conditions, pre-stress level, and pre-stress distribution are defined.Fabric Clamp: Device for clamping the edge of a fabric panel, usually a bar or channel

shape and made of aluminum or steel.

Form Finding: The process ofdetermining the equilibrium shape of a fabric structure .

Keder: Brand name for the solid PVC cord used at a rope edge. Rope edges provide

strength and a surface to evenly distribute fabric tension forces.Lap Seam: Seam created when the two pieces being joined are overlapped by the width

of the seam

Mast: The principal upright in a tension structure.

Warp Yarn: The long straight yarns in the long direction of a piece of a fabric.

Waft Yarns: The shorter yarns of a fabric, which usually run at the right angles to thewrap yarns.They are also called as filled yarns.

TECHNICAL TERMS


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Add your text



Mast supported

Most commonly observed shapes and forms

Point supported Arch supported

Simple saddle shapedFrame Supported


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Constructional Details

Edge details

Typical Details of connection of members


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Base Plate to get

anchor bolts right

Mast, cleats, clips

and bale rings

Membrane Plate

the link and connector


Catenery cables at

side connection

Extruded member with

membrane plate

and catenery cable

Tripod head with

catenery cable


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Tie downs- connector to the groundEdge- curve, cantenary or clamp



21/80



CONSRTUCTIONAL DETAILS-EDGEConstructional Details-Edge

Masts Or Compression Members,Catenary Cables,edge details


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Constructional Details-Edge And Center

Bale Rings-Compression

rings At the top ofconical shaped

structures.

Entire structure is

tensiond at the top by

lifting the ring

Catenary CablesCatenery cables are

used along theperimeter stretching

from mast to mast

installed inside a

pocket inside a

membrane

Membrane PlateProvide Link from embrane to

structural masts.These plates areinstalled to accept membrane

Catenery cables and pin connections

hardware.


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Add your text




Issues To Be Considered Before Design Are As Following:

1.ECONOMICS:The cost of designing custom components needs to be weighed

against the use ofsemi-finished products (i.e. tube, pipe, etc.) and fabricated

parts (bolts, nuts, shackles, etc.)

2. MATERIAL :The different material properties (strength, thickness, elasticity, weight, etc.make material selection critical.A need for components to be highly abrasion-resistant,

low maintenance and vandal proof also influences the choice of suitable materials.

3.PRODUCTION:Various production processes (welding, forging, casting, etc.) have

their own advantages and disadvantages that dictate the design of structural components.

In addition, the quantity of parts required (single vs. mass production), play a significant

role in determining whether a custom component is feasible and cost effective.

4.ANATOMY OF FABRIC: The best way to understand the cost of a fabric structure is

to request a Schedule of Value (SOV) or a breakdown of the major cost (design/engineering/

project management, steel, fabric and hardware fabrication, installation and

equipment and shipping).


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Anatomy of a Fabric Structure (% varies)

Plan Area (Length x Width) X Shape Factor (H) =

Surface area

Surface Area X Cost per SQFT= BudgetDesign (DD to CD)

Engineering (awning to dome ,Stadium etc)

Project Management (scope of work)

Steel Fabrication (large variable)Membrane Fabrication (based on complexity)

Installation (location)

Shipping (transport.)

Todays Materials come in1. Different widths

2. Variety of colors

3. Some can accept graphics

4. Different light transmission

5.Vary in life span

Considerations Prior To Design Of TheStructure


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Add your text




1.Natural Light

2.Reverse illumination at Night

3.Easy to handle, as light in weight

4.Unique shapes

5.Retraction, Dismantling & Re-erectionpossible

6.Colors available

7.Graphic customization possible

8.Graphic projection possible

9.Rapid on site installation10.Large clear Spans possible

11.Resistance to corrosive environments

12.Easy to adapt to existing structures for

renovation

13.Can be combined with different materials14.Can exist in all & extreme climatic

conditions

15.Suitable for a wide spectrum of size &

applications

16.Pre-engineered Modular structuresossible

Benefits of Textile ArchitectureBENEFITS OF TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE


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Benefits of Textile Architecture




Resistant To Wide Spectrum OfClimatic Conditions

Suitaible For Wide Spectrum Of

Size And Applications

Large Clear SpansDay And Night Performance

BENEFITS OF TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE


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Add your text




Natural Light Unique Shapes

Flexible skin

Resistance to corrosive

environment

Flexible skinEasy Combination with other materials



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AVAILIBILITY IN SEVERAL COLOURS


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Add your text




Significance Of Coating1.It seals the fabric against weather

2.provides resistance to ultraviolet light

3.functions as a medium for joining panels

4. fire-rated

Selecting the proper Fabric1Size

2.Form

3.Span

4.Function

5.Availability6.Economics

7.Sustainability

MEMBRANES IN LIGHT WEIGHT AND MEMBRANE


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Introduction


STRUCTURES


Todays coverings include1.Teflon coated fiberglass (PTFE)

2.Ethylene tetra fluoro ethylene (ETFE)

3.Vinyl coated polyester (PVC/PVDF)

4.High density polyethylene (HDPE)

5. Laminated Products

6.Theatrical Draperies and Stretch fabrics

1.Large scale permanent

structures

2. Non Combustible

3. Life span of over 25

years.4. Waterproof,resists UV

Rays,chemically inert.

5. Colors now available

membrane bleaches to

milky white

Polyvinyl Tetra Fluro Ethylene (PTFE)



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Add your text




Other Non-combustiblesSilicon Coated Fiberglass

Hybrid PTFE

TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) Photocatalyst membrane.



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Add your text

MEMBRANE S IN LIGHT WEIGHT



EthyleneTetrafluoroethylene

(ETFE)1.High transparency (97%)

2 More than 25 year life span

3. Self cleaning4 .Single or multi-layers

5 100% recyclable.

6.Can take 400 times of

its own weight.

Vinyl Coated Polyester

(PVC/PVDF)

1.Most cost effective

2. Temporary and permanent

structures.

3. Soft, pliable and easy to handle4. Less expensive than PTFEand ETFE

5. Variety of colors, weights,

topcoats and textures.

6. Fire resistant7. life span of 20+ years



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High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)1 Shading only (UV stable)

2 Variety of styles, colors & shade factors

3 High tensile strength

4 Fire and non fire resistant

5 Well suited for dry/hot climates6. Protection from sun and hail

Tensotherm and GSA Fabrics1.Lightweight,beautifully transluscent.

2.Impressive thermal and acoustic benefits.

3.UV protection during the day and

Stunning appearance at night.



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Covering mesh and canvas

Acrylics, Coated and

Laminates1.Tent and Awning Industry

2.Variety of styles, colors &patterns

3.Low tensile strength

4.Fire and non fire resistant

5.Exterior Shading Devices

Other Applications1.Textile Facades

2.Graphics

3. Textures

4. Digital Printing

5. Truly unique patterns



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1.Hides mechanical systems

2.Acoustical helper

3.Light reflector

4.Transforms spaces

SEVERAL OTHER USES



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Add your textIntroduction

STRUCTURES


SEVERAL OTHER ALLPLICATIONS



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Add your text



Indore Cricket Stadium

10 Acres City Mall,Ahemadabad

Mahindra World City, Chennai Glenmark Pharmaceutical Ltd.

Nirmal Lifesyle Mumbai

Science City Ahmedabad

Project-Inside Outside Mega show

WESTERN OUTDOORS ,

INDIA


S S


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PROJECTS IN INDIA



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1.Makowski, Z.S. (1995): Light-weight structures.

2.Gopal Mishra http://theconstructor.org/2009/10/cable-and-tension-structures

3.Ambroziak. A, Klosowski. P .2006.On constructional solutions for

tensile Structures (17-20 ) .4.Armijos.S, www.fabricarchitect.com (images-20-24)

5.Huntington C. 2004.The tensioned fabric roof . (12-14)

6.Kloiber L,P.E,.Eckmann D, AIA,S.E,P.E,.Meyer.T, Hautzinger .S,2004.

Design consideration in cable stayed roof structure. AI conference,North American steel construction March 2004, Model steel construction .

7.www.membranes24.com

8.www.architen.com

9.www.taiyomc.com

10.www.tensileworld.com11.www.FabricArchitect.com

REFERENCE:



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AR.SUVARNA LELE

ER.SHIRISH PATIL

THANK YOU


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Guimares, Portugal 21-23 July 2010

MEMBRANES IN

LIGHTWEIGHT AND

MEMBRANE STRUCTURES

AR.SUVARNA LELE

ER.SHIREESH PATIL

CHAUGULE PATIL CONSULTANTS PLTD


MEMBRANE STRUCTURES


42/80

They are Light weight as their structural stability is derived from their prestressed shape rather than the mass of material used .

Tensile structures allow larger spans with easier and cheaper constructions

and they cover vast expanse of spaces.

Membranes are uniform in thickness with a capacity to support imposed

loads due to their designed shapes and deflections.

Introduction


Tensile structures


MEMBRANE STRUCTURES


43/80


The aim of this paper is to take an overview of the Membranes in cableand membrane structures.

Before installation on site a membrane has to go through several stages

right from design including the steps as form finding, load analysis and

design of fabric geometry.

The paper also talks about several shapes and forms a membrane can

achieve and the principle behind the design of these shapes.

Important aspect of membrane structure is availability of membranes in

market. This paper accounts various available covering materials in themarket and the criteria have to be considered before their installations on

the site.




44/80



Anticlastic surface .(fig 2)Synclastic surface .( fig 1)

Membrane structure depends on double curvature to resist the imposed loads. The

shapes can be deciding factor of resistance of loads. The surfaces can be categories

in Synclasic and Anticlasic surfaces.

1]Synclastic surface: Upward loads are resisted by a stress increase about both axesof the fabric while downward loads are neutralized by internal pressure. Inflatable

fabric structures are simplistic forms.( fig 1)

2]Anticlastic surface: Fibers with convex curvature. One surface resists the upwardload by increasing tension, while fibers with concave surface increase their tension to

resist downward loads.(fig 2)




45/80


Hperbolic

Paraboloid Cone Arch

thread in tension changes conventional materials Curvature provides

geometry when in in tension and resistance to out of

Compression. compression. plane forces.


Tension conditions between tensile and conventional materials

The basic forms of all curvatures are hyperbolic paraboloids, cones or arches




46/80

Add your text



6 point membrane Chinese hat Center arch

Rectangular pneu 3D nodeCustom1

Custom2

Rhino design

Some More Shapes

(www.membranes24.com)

Evolution Of Several Forms From The Basic




47/80

Add your text


Some More Shapes

Inflated bubble




48/80

1.The first step in designing a fabric structure is to create a form with sufficient

PRE-STRESS or tension. Fabric structures must be clamped to a frame or be

pre-stressed in order to avoid fluttering like a flag or sail.

2.The second step is to DETERMINE THE BOUNDRIES of the tensioned fabric.

Boundaries include frames, walls, beams, columns and cables. The fabric is either

continuously clamped to frames, walls or beams or attached to columns with membrane

plates with adjustable hardware. In most cases the fabric forms a curved edge or

CATENERY between connection points requiring a cable, webbing belt or rope to

carry loads to the major structural points.

3.Once the primary points have been determined, the third step is referred to as

FORM FINDING. Form finding is the art of discovering the most efficient structure

which can be fabricated with as little waste as possible and can be transported and

installed with ease, installation and fabrication.

4.The last step in the design process is ANALYSING the structures response to

loads, including dead loads and live loads (snow, wind, etc.).

DESIGN PROCESS





49/80

Add your text

Flowchart :Illustrating

General Approach to Tensil

Membrane Structure Design

and Engineering

AR.SUVARNA LELE,

ER SHIRISH PATIL


AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURESAR SUVARNA LELE ER SHIRISH PATIL


50/80

Add your text


Tensile membranes design process, from conception to realization

Construction,elevation

Membrane cutting and

manufacturing

Detailing

Cutting pattern

generation

Analysis

Form Finding

Conception

Requirements

Architects

Engineers

Contractors,Manufacturers.


MEMBRANE STRUCTURESAR SUVARNA LELE ER SHIRISH PATIL


51/80


(a) Grid Generation, (b) Form finding (c) Surface fitting, (d)Render

representation

Representation of a membrane structure with a nodal force using a 5x5 grid

Grid Generation Form Finding Surface Fitting Render

Hybrid Method Proposed for Tensile Membrane Design



AR SUVARNA LELE ER SHIRISH PATIL


52/80


http://fabricarchitecturemag.com/articles/0708_rv2_rhino.html

FROM CONCEPT TO SITE

1.SKETCHING.

2.COMPUTER DRAWING

3.PHYSICAL MODELLING

4.ACTUAL SITE

INSTALLATION




53/80


Form-finding1.Soap and liquid plastic films: soap and liquids are excellent mediums to

experiment with as they exhibit excellent tensile capacity but lack shear

capacity. Wire or strings can act as cables and liquid as well as soap films

will form anticlastic shapes of pre stressed structures. The film or bubblecan be stretched to the limits till it breaks. Various shapes which are

formed after stressing the film can be noted and applied for further design.

2.Physical models Building:plays a significant part in design of structure.

The limitations and possibilities can be worked out by experimenting onthe physical models. The miniature model must carry or be identical with

the actual structure in properties. The structures are to be designed to be

in equilibrium conditions for applied loading conditions. The structures

mostly are designed to carry uniform pre stress in their membranes

Experimenting on physical models for evolution of different forms




54/80

Add your text


Actual cutting process




55/80

Add your text


Base Fabric: The uncoated fabric, also known as greige goods.

Bias: Oriented at 45 degrees to the warp and fill directions of the fabric.

Biaxial: Taken along two concurrent orthogonal directions, usually principal

directions.

Butt Seam: Seam created when the two pieces of fabric beingjoined together

are butted together with a strip twice the width of the seam.

Catenary Cable Pocket: Edge treatment in which the fabric is folded over

on itself to form a pocket in which a catenary cable can be installed.

Catenary Cable Fitting: Device attached to the end of a cable to allow a

connection to another member. Fittings are swaged.

Catenary: The curve theoretically formed by a perfectly flexible, uniformly dense fabric.

Catenary Cable Fitting: Steel cables that run through the pockets on the

perimeter of a tension fabric structure. The shape of the cable follows

that of the pocket, which is typically curved with a ratio of1:10.

The length of the cable is determined by the project engineer supplying

the fabric patterning. The thickness of the cable is determined by the

engineer who calculates the reaction loads at the cable ends.

Coating: A material applied to a fabric for waterproofing and protection of

the fabric yarns.

Coating Adhesion: Strength of the bond between the substrate of a fabric

and the coating.

TECHNICAL TERMS IN DESIGN OF TENSILE STRUCTURES




56/80

Add your text

Compensation: The operation of shop fabricating a fabric structure of pieces

of the structure smaller in the unstressed condition than the actual installed size, to

account for the stretch at pre-stress level.

Elongation: The change in lengths of a material sample; normally this is

associated with some load or force acting on the sample. In fabric, this elongation. does

not normally refer to true strain of the fiber elements as in the classical sense; but,

rather, normally refers to the apparent strain resulting from a straightening out of the

crimped yarns in the fabric matrix.

Equilibrium Shape: The configuration that a tensioned fabric surface assumes when

boundary conditions, pre-stress level, and pre-stress distribution are defined.

Fabric Clamp: Device for clamping the edge of a fabric panel, usually a bar or channel

shape and made of aluminum or steel.

Form Finding: The process ofdetermining the equilibrium shape of a fabric structure .

Keder: Brand name for the solid PVC cord used at a rope edge. Rope edges provide

strength and a surface to evenly distribute fabric tension forces.

Lap Seam: Seam created when the two pieces being joined are overlapped by the width

of the seam

Mast: The principal upright in a tension structure.

Warp Yarn: The long straight yarns in the long direction of a piece of a fabric.

Waft Yarns: The shorter yarns of a fabric, which usually run at the right angles to the

wrap yarns.They are also called as filled yarns.

TECHNICAL TERMS




57/80

Add your text

Mast supported

Most commonly observed shapes and forms

Point supported Arch supported

Simple saddle shapedFrame Supported




58/80


Edge details

Typical Details of connection of members




59/80


Base Plate to get

anchor bolts rightMast, cleats, clips

and bale rings

Membrane Plate

the link and connector


Catenery cables at

side connection

Extruded member with

membrane plate

and catenery cable

Tripod head with

catenery cable





60/80

Tie downs- connector to the groundEdge- curve, cantenary or clamp





61/80

CONSRTUCTIONAL DETAILS-EDGEConstructional Details-Edge

Masts Or Compression Members,Catenary Cables,edge details




62/80

Constructional Details-Edge And Center

Bale Rings-Compression

rings At the top ofconical shaped

structures.

Entire structure is

tensiond at the top by

lifting the ring

Catenary CablesCatenery cables are

used along theperimeter stretching

from mast to mast

installed inside a

pocket inside a

membrane

Membrane PlateProvide Link from embrane to

structural masts.These plates areinstalled to accept membrane

Catenery cables and pin connections

hardware.




I T B C id d B f D i A A F ll i


63/80

Add your text

Issues To Be Considered Before Design Are As Following:

1.ECONOMICS:The cost of designing custom components needs to be weighed

against the use ofsemi-finished products (i.e. tube, pipe, etc.) and fabricated

parts (bolts, nuts, shackles, etc.)

2. MATERIAL :The different material properties (strength, thickness, elasticity, weight, etc.make material selection critical.A need for components to be highly abrasion-resistant,

low maintenance and vandal proof also influences the choice of suitable materials.

3.PRODUCTION:Various production processes (welding, forging, casting, etc.) have

their own advantages and disadvantages that dictate the design of structural components.In addition, the quantity of parts required (single vs. mass production), play a significant

role in determining whether a custom component is feasible and cost effective.

4.ANATOMY OF FABRIC: The best way to understand the cost of a fabric structure is

to request a Schedule of Value (SOV) or a breakdown of the major cost (design/engineering/project management, steel, fabric and hardware fabrication, installation and

equipment and shipping).





64/80

Anatomy of a Fabric Structure (% varies)

Plan Area (Length x Width) X Shape Factor (H) =

Surface area

Surface Area X Cost per SQFT= BudgetDesign (DD to CD)

Engineering (awning to dome ,Stadium etc)

Project Management (scope of work)

Steel Fabrication (large variable)

Membrane Fabrication (based on complexity)

Installation (location)

Shipping (transport.)

Todays Materials come in

1. Different widths

2. Variety of colors

3. Some can accept graphics

4. Different light transmission

5.Vary in life span

Considerations Prior To Design Of TheStructure





65/80

Add your text1.Natural Light

2.Reverse illumination at Night

3.Easy to handle, as light in weight

4.Unique shapes

5.Retraction, Dismantling & Re-erection

possible

6.Colors available

7.Graphic customization possible

8.Graphic projection possible

9.Rapid on site installation

10.Large clear Spans possible

11.Resistance to corrosive environments

12.Easy to adapt to existing structures for

renovation

13.Can be combined with different materials14.Can exist in all & extreme climatic

conditions

15.Suitable for a wide spectrum of size &

applications

16.Pre-engineered Modular structuresossible

Benefits of Textile ArchitectureBENEFITS OF TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE







66/80


Resistant To Wide Spectrum Of

Climatic Conditions

Suitaible For Wide Spectrum Of

Size And Applications

Large Clear SpansDay And Night Performance







67/80

Add your text

Natural Light Unique Shapes

Flexible skin

Resistance to corrosiveenvironment

Flexible skinEasy Combination with other materials







68/80






69/80

Add your text

Significance Of Coating1.It seals the fabric against weather

2.provides resistance to ultraviolet light

3.functions as a medium for joining panels

4. fire-rated

Selecting the proper Fabric1Size2.Form

3.Span

4.Function

5.Availability6.Economics

7.Sustainability

I d i


STRUCTURES


Todays coverings include


70/80

IntroductionTodays coverings include

1.Teflon coated fiberglass (PTFE)

2.Ethylene tetra fluoro ethylene (ETFE)

3.Vinyl coated polyester (PVC/PVDF)

4.High density polyethylene (HDPE)

5. Laminated Products6.Theatrical Draperies and Stretch fabrics

1.Large scale permanentstructures

2. Non Combustible

3. Life span of over 25

years.

4. Waterproof,resists UVRays,chemically inert.

5. Colors now available

membrane bleaches to

milky white

Polyvinyl Tetra Fluro Ethylene (PTFE)





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Add your textOther Non-combustiblesSilicon Coated FiberglassHybrid PTFE

TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) Photocatalyst membrane.




Ethylene Vinyl Coated Polyester


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Ethylene

Tetrafluoroethylene(ETFE)

1.High transparency (97%)

2 More than 25 year life span

3. Self cleaning

4 .Single or multi-layers5 100% recyclable.

6.Can take 400 times of

its own weight.

y y

(PVC/PVDF)1.Most cost effective

2. Temporary and permanent

structures.

3. Soft, pliable and easy to handle

4. Less expensive than PTFEand ETFE

5. Variety of colors, weights,

topcoats and textures.

6. Fire resistant

7. life span of 20+ years




High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Tensotherm and GSA Fabrics


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High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)1 Shading only (UV stable)

2 Variety of styles, colors & shade factors

3 High tensile strength

4 Fire and non fire resistant

5 Well suited for dry/hot climates

6. Protection from sun and hail

Tensotherm and GSA Fabrics1.Lightweight,beautifully transluscent.

2.Impressive thermal and acoustic benefits.

3.UV protection during the day and

Stunning appearance at night.




Other Applications


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Add your textCovering mesh and canvas

Acrylics, Coated and

Laminates1.Tent and Awning Industry

2.Variety of styles, colors &patterns

3.Low tensile strength

4.Fire and non fire resistant

5.Exterior Shading Devices

Other Applications1.Textile Facades

2.Graphics

3. Textures

4. Digital Printing

5. Truly unique patterns




SEVERAL OTHER USES


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Add your text1.Hides mechanical systems

2.Acoustical helper

3.Light reflector

4.Transforms spaces

Introduction


STRUCTURES


SEVERAL OTHER ALLPLICATIONS


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Introduction





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Indore Cricket Stadium

10 Acres City Mall,Ahemadabad

Mahindra World City, Chennai Glenmark Pharmaceutical Ltd.

Nirmal Lifesyle Mumbai

Science City Ahmedabad

Project-Inside Outside Mega show

WESTERN OUTDOORS ,

INDIA




PROJECTS IN INDIA


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1.Makowski, Z.S. (1995): Light-weight structures.

2.Gopal Mishra http://theconstructor.org/2009/10/cable-and-tension-structures

3.Ambroziak. A, Klosowski. P .2006.On constructional solutions for

tensile Structures (17-20 ) .4.Armijos.S, www.fabricarchitect.com (images-20-24)

5.Huntington C. 2004.The tensioned fabric roof . (12-14)

6.Kloiber L,P.E,.Eckmann D, AIA,S.E,P.E,.Meyer.T, Hautzinger .S,2004.

Design consideration in cable stayed roof structure. AI conference,

North American steel construction March 2004, Model steel construction .7.www.membranes24.com

8.www.architen.com

9.www.taiyomc.com

10.www.tensileworld.com11.www.FabricArchitect.com

REFERENCE:




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AR.SUVARNA LELE

ER.SHIRISH PATIL

THANK YOU

tensile structures-membranes

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