teo te wei
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PACING THE HEART:IMPACT OF PACEMAKERS ON THE SOCIETY
The BioBusiness Revolution: Healthcare and the Biomedical Sciences: Past, Present, FutureTeo Te Wei
G13
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BACKGROUND In the past, no cure for
immediate heart stoppage
Heart Failure
Mortality rate was high
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HOW TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM? To create a prosthetic device
that would permanently manage a heart in complete block
Pacemaker
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WHAT IS PACEMAKER? Device that consists of a pulse
generator, electrodes and a leadPacemaker
Pulse Generator
Lead
Electrodes
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WHAT IS PACEMAKER?
Delivers electrical impulses to the heart so as to regulate the heartbeat
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TIMELINE
External Pacing
Internal Pacing – Implant
Qualified as a
major surgery Externall
y Programm-able Pacer
Stabilized Pacing
Users exceed 150,000
500,000-600,000
users
110,000 annual
implants
1950s
1960s
1970s
1975 1990s
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ADVANTAGES Kept patients alive in complete
heart block
Enabled many of them to enjoy moderately active lives
The doctor could noninvasively and repeatedly alter pacing device
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DRAWBACKS Battery of the internal
pacemaker may run low
Require further surgical procedures
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KEY TAKEAWAY POINTS Pacemaker brought about a lot
of advantages in the medical history and saved a lot of lives
Pacemaker was constantly refined to suit to new heart diseases
Prolonged mortality rate
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RATING 5/5
Displayed the evolution of heart pacing and the impact on the lives of people
Covered both advantages and drawbacks of the pacemakers
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ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION Do you think that the battery of
the pacemaker will be able to operate indefinitely in the future?
Will mankind be over-reliant on technology and implanting a pacemaker even when not required or as a preventive measure of heart attacks?
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THE END
‘The best and most beautiful
things in the world cannot be seen
or even touched - they must be
felt with the heart’ - Helen Keller
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REFERENCES Pacing the Heart: Growth and
Redefinition of a Medical Technology, 1952-1975, Kirk Jeffrey, Technology and Culture, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Jul 1995), pp. 583-624