teppei strings sub - yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp

‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data

Teppei Kitahara Nagoya University

Strings and Fields 2021

August 26, 2021, online talk

A N O M A L Y

Two types of ‘Anomaly’ in high-energy physics

1. Quantum anomalyMeasure in the path integral is changed by quantum corrections

Two types of ‘Anomaly’ in high-energy physics

1. Quantum anomaly

2. Experimental anomaly (this talk)

Measure in the path integral is changed by quantum corrections

Measurement is inconsistent with a theory prediction

Famous experimental anomaly 1

[Nobel Lecture, 2015, Kajita]

“Atmospheric neutrino anomaly”

From slide of Kajita [Super-Kamiokande collaboration], 1998

Neutrino oscillation and Neutrino mass.

= significant direction-dependence of neutrinoμ


[Cronin, Fitch et al, ’64, PRL]

～5σ peak in the last bin … what?


～5σ peak in the last bin

“Discovery of ”K0L → π+π−

immediately leads to “discovery of CP violation”

BUT, inconsistent with Weinberg-Salam theory

Third generation

Kobayashi and Maskawa predicted charm, bottom and top quarks in 1973 before their discoveries

Thus, ‘anomaly’ has provided us great breakthroughs![Cronin, Fitch et al, ’64, PRL]

An interesting side story (source: Prof. Hagiwara)

Why does this contradiction happen?

Even after the exp. paper was published, many theoretical researchers (except for Kobayashi and Maskawa) did not believe the experimental results, but believed CP-conserving theory.

～5σ peak in the last bin

I would think this peak is fake/underestimate of uncertainty/ etc…

Serious contradiction! Theorists want to investigate new physics, but at the same time want to maintain “SM”

( I’m surprised to hear this)

predicted value

Statistical fluctuation

Let us consider 1,000,000 different experiments2,700 experiments will provide 3σ deviation

1 experiment will provide 5σ deviation

3σ deviation 5σ

Anomaly MUST exit in data, when the number of experiments is huge.

(assuming Gaussian distribution)

exp. result→

Keep in mind:

How to distinguish ‘real anomaly’ from ‘fake anomaly’?

Would-be better strategy is: 1, cross-checked by the second experiment

2, hidden theoretical correlation between several anomalies

A counter-example!

“750 GeV anomaly” had been observed by two different experiments. But, very unfortunately, both were just fluctuations, and disappeared.

[ATLAS-CONF-2015-081] [CMS-PAS-EXO-15-004]

muon g-2 anomaly

The experimental ring at Fermilab

/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data

13

Definition: Magnetic Dipole Moment (g-2)

Details definitions

L = � eQ`

8m`g` ¯�µ⌫`F

µ⌫

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= � eQ`

4m`

¯�µ⌫`Fµ⌫ � eQ`

4m`a` ¯�µ⌫`F

µ⌫ = � eQ`

8m`(2 + 2a`)¯�µ⌫`F

µ⌫

<latexit sha1_base64="kSllucQjB6KMkHXU3W1ut44JosM=">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</latexit>

= � eQ`

2m`g` ¯(S

µBµ)`<latexit sha1_base64="JLz3D78PF8nWgdWZxCKg7G89EaU=">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</latexit>

Sµ =1

2m`✏µ⌫⇢�p

⌫`J

⇢�

<latexit sha1_base64="ze2xHbTmlaVluV9Any6UdNkFmVc=">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</latexit>

J⇢� =i

4[�⇢, ��]

<latexit sha1_base64="OCoFK+IwEdVCnjwHE9iw0GUSyTg=">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</latexit>

Bµ = � 1

2m`✏µ⌫⇢�p

⌫`F

⇢�

<latexit sha1_base64="llp7wJBAdn0ofBFxponIQTOTWWE=">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</latexit>

magnetic field four-vector:

spin operator:

H = �eQ`

2m`g`~S · ~B = �~µ` ·

~B<latexit sha1_base64="16Gp8+iGwzg1Y3lKqeSQfdmGEUk=">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</latexit>

~µ` = g`eQ`

2m`

~S<latexit sha1_base64="GtOvn0iV0QxySjNmDEYTI3e2i+Y=">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</latexit>

spin magnetic moment:

L = ¯(iD �m`)`<latexit sha1_base64="jd9z6hHuBUqB/1AVkQ+dW4SSi0A=">AAACFHicbVBNS8MwGE7n15xfVY9egkOYiKOdgl6EoR48eJjgPmAtJc2yLSxpS5IKo/RHePGvePGgiFcP3vw3plsPuvlCwpPneV/ePI8fMSqVZX0bhYXFpeWV4mppbX1jc8vc3mnJMBaYNHHIQtHxkSSMBqSpqGKkEwmCuM9I2x9dZXr7gQhJw+BejSPicjQIaJ9ipDTlmUcOR2qIEUtuU3gBHR+JxCGMpbBC4TU8htzLnofZ5Zllq2pNCs4DOwdlkFfDM7+cXohjTgKFGZKya1uRchMkFMWMpCUnliRCeIQGpKthgDiRbjIxlcIDzfRgPxT6BApO2N8TCeJSjrmvOzMLclbLyP+0bqz6525CgyhWJMDTRf2YQRXCLCHYo4JgxcYaICyo/ivEQyQQVjrHkg7BnrU8D1q1qn1Srd2dluuXeRxFsAf2QQXY4AzUwQ1ogCbA4BE8g1fwZjwZL8a78TFtLRj5zC74U8bnD2AFnR8=</latexit> —Dirac equation:

Equation of motion

tree level “F1(0)” radiative corrections “F2(0)” a` =g` � 2

2<latexit sha1_base64="nyKUAXuoN0wtYuY4Rnd5KnpMqY0=">AAACM3icdVDLSgMxFM34tr6qLt0Ei+BCh8xYO3YhiG7EVQWrQmcomTTTBjMPkoxQwvyTG3/EhSAuFHHrP5g+BBU9cOFwzn1xwowzqRB6siYmp6ZnZufmSwuLS8sr5dW1S5nmgtAmSXkqrkMsKWcJbSqmOL3OBMVxyOlVeHMy8K9uqZAsTS5UP6NBjLsJixjBykjt8pn2h0taohsGGtnIc2s1ZwfZVcfbq7uGeFVU2/cK3NY+5byAh9CPBCYadr+UXbfQblG0yxXHRkNAZNcNvOqY1B34ZVXAGI12+cHvpCSPaaIIx1K2HJSpQGOhGOG0KPm5pBkmN7hLW4YmOKYy0MN3C7hllA6MUmEqUXCofp/QOJayH4emM8aqJ397A/Evr5Wr6CDQLMlyRRMyOhTlHKoUDgKEHSYoUbxvCCaCmV8h6WGTiDIxl76H8D+5dG1nz3bPq5Wj43Ecc2ADbIJt4AAPHIFT0ABNQMAdeAQv4NW6t56tN+t91DphjWfWwQ9YH59x3adM</latexit>

g` = 2 + 2a`<latexit sha1_base64="eEaXSxtNnrGFnos/voJiSqr9pWg=">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</latexit>

13

L<latexit sha1_base64="0FuUZC1fgPBPPn08GNjeeK0R8oQ=">AAAB8nicbVDLSgMxFL1TX7W+qi7dBIvgqsxUQZdFNy5cVLAPmA4lk2ba0EwyJBmhDP0MNy4UcevXuPNvzLSz0NYDgcM595JzT5hwpo3rfjultfWNza3ydmVnd2//oHp41NEyVYS2ieRS9UKsKWeCtg0znPYSRXEcctoNJ7e5332iSjMpHs00oUGMR4JFjGBjJb8fYzMmmGf3s0G15tbdOdAq8QpSgwKtQfWrP5QkjakwhGOtfc9NTJBhZRjhdFbpp5ommEzwiPqWChxTHWTzyDN0ZpUhiqSyTxg0V39vZDjWehqHdjKPqJe9XPzP81MTXQcZE0lqqCCLj6KUIyNRfj8aMkWJ4VNLMFHMZkVkjBUmxrZUsSV4yyevkk6j7l3UGw+XteZNUUcZTuAUzsGDK2jCHbSgDQQkPMMrvDnGeXHenY/FaMkpdo7hD5zPH4JTkWY=</latexit>

g-2 :

spin-magnetic interaction


14

Muon g-2

Theory (four g-2 contributions)

QED EW Hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP)

Hadronic light-by-light (HLbL)

4-loop analytic 2-loop analyticPhenomenological

Lattice

Pheno.

Lattice

Exp.

BNL ’97-‘01

FNAL ongoing

J-PARC near future

Problematic

5-loop numeric


15

175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215

Exp dataBNL g-2

FNAL g-2

Averagetheory (SM)

White Paper

HVP by BMW4.2σ

1.5σ

(2021)

(2006)

The latest lattice result for HVP significantly reduces tension [BMW, Nature '21]

The previous data is checked

Problematic

This leads to other tensions

New physics models

https://publicdomainq.net/


17

Naive NP energy scale

QED EW Hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP)

Hadronic light-by-light (HLbL)

+

NP

17

Muon g-2 anomaly implies that NP mass scale is around the electroweak scale.

�aµ ⌘ aBNL+FNALµ � aSMµ = (25.1± 5.9)⇥ 10�10 (4.2�)

<latexit sha1_base64="PSmoVQFaXJicsETdA4P48Au7YxE=">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</latexit>

=m2

µ

16⇡2

g2NP

M2NP

<latexit sha1_base64="YWMelTBmL5O87W16WBqS2vUDl+c=">AAACJnicbZBNS8MwGMfT+TbnW9Wjl+AQPI12inoZDL14USa4F1jrSLN0C0vakqTCKP00XvwqXjxMRLz5Ucy6HubmA4Ff/v/nIXn+XsSoVJb1bRRWVtfWN4qbpa3tnd09c/+gJcNYYNLEIQtFx0OSMBqQpqKKkU4kCOIeI21vdDP1289ESBoGj2ocEZejQUB9ipHSUs+s1aDjC4QT3kscHqdP1TSxL6ATUU0zZ6AdweF9IzPv5m89s2xVrKzgMtg5lEFejZ45cfohjjkJFGZIyq5tRcpNkFAUM5KWnFiSCOERGpCuxgBxIt0kWzOFJ1rpQz8U+gQKZur8RIK4lGPu6U6O1FAuelPxP68bK//KTWgQxYoEePaQHzOoQjjNDPapIFixsQaEBdV/hXiIdDZKJ1vSIdiLKy9Dq1qxzyrVh/Ny/TqPowiOwDE4BTa4BHVwCxqgCTB4AW9gAj6MV+Pd+DS+Zq0FI585BH/K+PkFIAqlkA==</latexit> MNP ⇠ gNP ⇥ 150GeV<latexit sha1_base64="jtKQFKSzsn0yZvnqq93bKb8q+eo=">AAACGXicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsAgupCRV0WXRhW6UCvYBTQiT6aQdOpOEmYlQQn7Djb/ixoUiLnXl3zhNs6itBwbOPede7tzjx4xKZVk/xsLi0vLKammtvL6xubVt7uy2ZJQITJo4YpHo+EgSRkPSVFQx0okFQdxnpO0Pr8Z++5EISaPwQY1i4nLUD2lAMVJa8kzr1ksdweFdI4OOpBz2p2pFOZHQPrOc41y8Jq3MMytW1coB54ldkAoo0PDML6cX4YSTUGGGpOzaVqzcFAlFMSNZ2UkkiREeoj7pahoivdNN88syeKiVHgwioV+oYK5OT6SISznivu7kSA3krDcW//O6iQou3JSGcaJIiCeLgoRBFcFxTLBHBcGKjTRBWFD9V4gHSCCsdJhlHYI9e/I8adWq9km1dn9aqV8WcZTAPjgAR8AG56AObkADNAEGT+AFvIF349l4NT6Mz0nrglHM7IE/ML5/AeX1nvk=</latexit>


18

Naive NP energy scale

NP scale is determined by size of the NP couplings to muon

Large by certain mechanisms (e.g., chiral enhancement)

→ TeV scale NP models

Small (e.g., )

→ MeV scale NP models

MNP gNP

gNP

gNP g ∼ 10−3

MNP ⇠ gNP ⇥ 150GeV<latexit sha1_base64="jtKQFKSzsn0yZvnqq93bKb8q+eo=">AAACGXicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsAgupCRV0WXRhW6UCvYBTQiT6aQdOpOEmYlQQn7Djb/ixoUiLnXl3zhNs6itBwbOPede7tzjx4xKZVk/xsLi0vLKammtvL6xubVt7uy2ZJQITJo4YpHo+EgSRkPSVFQx0okFQdxnpO0Pr8Z++5EISaPwQY1i4nLUD2lAMVJa8kzr1ksdweFdI4OOpBz2p2pFOZHQPrOc41y8Jq3MMytW1coB54ldkAoo0PDML6cX4YSTUGGGpOzaVqzcFAlFMSNZ2UkkiREeoj7pahoivdNN88syeKiVHgwioV+oYK5OT6SISznivu7kSA3krDcW//O6iQou3JSGcaJIiCeLgoRBFcFxTLBHBcGKjTRBWFD9V4gHSCCsdJhlHYI9e/I8adWq9km1dn9aqV8WcZTAPjgAR8AG56AObkADNAEGT+AFvIF349l4NT6Mz0nrglHM7IE/ML5/AeX1nvk=</latexit>

muon g-2 anomaly

18

Point: MeV scale NP search is difficult at the LHC 　　aaaaaabecause of so much QCD background noise


19

New physics interpretations

NP type diagrams mass range probe

Supersymmtery 200～500 GeV

Leptoquark 1.5～2.1 TeV

Vector-like lepton 100 GeV～1 TeV

Scalar extensions10～100 GeV (A),

150～300 GeV (H)

Axion-like particle 40 MeV～200 GeV

U(1) Lμ-Lτ 10～200 MeV

[Refs: Athron et al, 2104.03691; Buen-Abad et al, 2104.03267; Krnjaic et al, 1902.07715; Dermisek et al, 2103.05645]

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20







150～300 GeV (H)


U(1) Lμ-Lτ 10～200 MeV


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21

An example: Supersymmetric Interpretation𝒩 = 1Crucial point: SM possesses one Higgs-doublet, while the minimal SUSY requires two Higgs/Higgsino-

doublet. Holomorphy of superpotential and gauge anomaly cancelation

So, the electroweak symmetry breaking must occur by two Higgs vevs

Then, is a free parameter, where tan β ≡ vu/vd vSM = v2u + v2

d

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+ two Higgsino doublets


22

“ enhancement”tan β

One encounters “ enhancement” via the muon Yukawa interaction

When , the muon Yukawa is enhanced by

tan β

vd ≪ v = v2u + v2

d tan β ( ≫ 1)

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ySUSYµ = ySMµ

v

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mµ = ySUSYµ vd

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0 0SM SUSY


23

Supersymmetric Interpretation𝒩 = 1Four types of one-loop diagrams are responsible to explain the anomaly:

1, WHL scenario 2, BLR scenario 3, BHL scenario 4, BHR scenario

These diagrams are proportional to → effectively large → TeV scale NPtan β = 1 ∼ 60 gNP

3, BHL and 4, BHR are constrained from dark matter direct detection (XENON1T experiment)

[Endo, Hamaguchi, Iwamoto, Yanagi 1704.05287; Baum, Carena, Shah, Wagner 2104.03302]

23

1, WHL and 2, BLR → next slide


SLSL-soft

SLSL-8TeVSLSL-1

3TeV

100 150 200 250 300 35050

100

150

200

250

3001, chargino contribution 2, pure-bino contribution with correct ΩDM

Excluded

24

SUSY example𝒩 = 1 [Endo, Hamaguchi, Iwamoto, TK, 2104.03217]

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�<latexit sha1_base64="2L42NgZvgjl+a3f1dFUVVKVJSbY=">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</latexit>

will be able to probe

strong bound from:

Low tanβ is preferred(!)

Photon collision will be able to probe

pp ! �� ! ee⇤ !�`e�0

1

� �¯e�0

1

�<latexit sha1_base64="kOclNpNTO65FM/Xd0bKU9h2eDno=">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</latexit>

[Beresford, Liu, PRL ’19]

muon g-2

muon g

-2Point: decays into h not Z

W0 Good target for ILC

XENONnT (DM direct detection) can also probe this scenario


25







150～300 GeV (H)


U(1) Lμ-Lτ 10～200 MeV


e�02e�±

1 !�h�0

1

� �W±�0

1












∑

26

Novel theoretical finding: Violation of Wilsonian (1/2)[Arkani-Hamed, Harigaya, 2106.01373]

etc. = 0 /Z 1

0dk2f 0(k2) = 0 with f(1) = f(0) = 0

<latexit sha1_base64="8KeRWRh8FIJ5NzI0goS20ksJPiQ=">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</latexit>

No UV div.total derivative!

Using a vector-like lepton model, the authors discover “violation of Wilsonian naturalness” following

from “total derivative phenomenon”

Two vector-like leptons are introduced: SU(2)L doublet and singlet (motivation: is SM-like)

Dimension-six one-loop contributions are canceled out without symmetry reason, independently of

mass spectrum! The reason is that the loop function is “total derivative”

Leading contribution comes from dimension-eight one-loop

L S hμ+μ−


27

Prediction. Viable parameter space will be fully proved by future lepton colliders.

Novel theoretical finding: Violation of Wilsonian (2/2)

[Arkani-Hamed, Harigaya, 2106.01373]

Excluded by LHC search

Excluded by electroweak fit

⌧ ! µ⌫⌫<latexit sha1_base64="DC2l2XE/q5ELZ6yFRyXR60yKb4Q=">AAACAHicdVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqAsXbgaL4CokaWjrrujGZQXbCk0ok+mkHTqZhJmJUEI3/oobF4q49TPc+TdO2goqemC4h3Pu5c49YcqoVLb9YZRWVtfWN8qbla3tnd09c/+gK5NMYNLBCUvEbYgkYZSTjqKKkdtUEBSHjPTCyWXh9+6IkDThN2qakiBGI04jipHS0sA88hXKoK8S6Me68swPkdBlYFZt67xZd706tC3bbjiuUxC34dU86GilQBUs0R6Y7/4wwVlMuMIMSdl37FQFORKKYkZmFT+TJEV4gkakrylHMZFBPj9gBk+1MoRRIvTjCs7V7xM5iqWcxqHujJEay99eIf7l9TMVNYOc8jRThOPFoihjUN9bpAGHVBCs2FQThAXVf4V4jATCSmdW0SF8XQr/J13XcmqWe+1VWxfLOMrgGJyAM+CABmiBK9AGHYDBDDyAJ/Bs3BuPxovxumgtGcuZQ/ADxtsnkZyWaQ==</latexit>

W ! µ⌫<latexit sha1_base64="8spH+qdKZrvsJB/+GMEpPiIhkzE=">AAAB+nicdVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vVJduBovgKiRpaOuu6MZlBfuAJpTJdNoOnUzCzEQpsZ/ixoUibv0Sd/6Nk7aCih64cDjnXu69J0wYlcq2P4zC2vrG5lZxu7Szu7d/YJYPOzJOBSZtHLNY9EIkCaOctBVVjPQSQVAUMtINp5e5370lQtKY36hZQoIIjTkdUYyUlgZmuQt9FUM/SqEfIuHzdGBWbOu8UXO9GrQt2647rpMTt+5VPehoJUcFrNAamO/+MMZpRLjCDEnZd+xEBRkSimJG5iU/lSRBeIrGpK8pRxGRQbY4fQ5PtTKEo1jo4gou1O8TGYqknEWh7oyQmsjfXi7+5fVTNWoEGeVJqgjHy0WjlEH9bJ4DHFJBsGIzTRAWVN8K8QQJhJVOq6RD+PoU/k86ruVULffaqzQvVnEUwTE4AWfAAXXQBFegBdoAgzvwAJ7As3FvPBovxuuytWCsZo7ADxhvn6R0k58=</latexit>

Z ! µ+µ�<latexit sha1_base64="0zxT9EnetKOlupuYxMJHgmADWc8=">AAAB+nicdVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vVJduBosgiCFJQ1t3RTcuK9gHNrFMppN26OTBzEQptZ/ixoUibv0Sd/6Nk7aCih6Y4XDOvdx7j58wKqRpfmi5peWV1bX8emFjc2t7Ry/utkScckyaOGYx7/hIEEYj0pRUMtJJOEGhz0jbH51nfvuWcEHj6EqOE+KFaBDRgGIkldTTi9fQlTF0w/TmePaf9PSSaZzWKrZTgaZhmlXLtjJiV52yAy2lZCiBBRo9/d3txzgNSSQxQ0J0LTOR3gRxSTEj04KbCpIgPEID0lU0QiER3mS2+hQeKqUPg5irF0k4U793TFAoxDj0VWWI5FD89jLxL6+byqDmTWiUpJJEeD4oSBlUx2Y5wD7lBEs2VgRhTtWuEA8RR1iqtAoqhK9L4f+kZRtW2bAvnVL9bBFHHuyDA3AELFAFdXABGqAJMLgDD+AJPGv32qP2or3OS3PaomcP/ID29gnpapMk</latexit>

doublet vector-like lepton mass

singl

et v

ecto

r-lik

e le

pton

mas

s

http://www.wallcoo.net/

B anomaly

http://www.wallcoo.net/


29

What is flavor physics?

Quarks can not become asymptotic field, but must be contained in hadron=meson or baryon

b … B meson, c … D meson, s … K meson, or heavy baryons.

b quarkPV

Hadronization

spectator quark = light quark = u, d, (s)

B meson

….

B0, B0, B±, B0s , B*, . . .

Quark flavor physics means physics of meson/baryon transition;

etc. B → K + X (b → s), D → π + X (c → u), K → π + X (s → d),

Gell-Mann named it “flavor” at an ice-cream store, just as ice-cream has both color and quark (cheese) flavor


30

B physics

Main stream of the flavor physics. There are three big experiments for B physics.

Rich phenomenology; CKM, FCNC, CP violation, tau lepton, LFU, Hadron spectroscopy, dark sector

BaBar experiment @ SLAC, physics run was finished at 2008

Belle and Belle II experiments @ KEK, Belle II started at 2019

LHCb experiment @ CERN, Run 1 and 2 were done, Run 3 will start at 2022

pp → bb → BB

e+e− → Υ → BB per year1010BB

e+e− → Υ → BB per year108BB

per year1012bb


31

CKM matrix

CKM matrix arises the relative misalignment between the Yukawa matrices and gauge interactions:

Wolfenstein parametrization

Parameter is determined by B physics A

L � � gp2uiL�

µdiLW+µ

mass�eigenbasis��!� gp2uiL�

µ(U†uUd)

ijdjLW+µ

=� gp2uiL�

µV ijCKMdjLW

+µ

<latexit sha1_base64="kqvowncweQejdx6r7WmlvAQOfRg=">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</latexit>

+𝒪(λ4)

B physics K physics


32

Measurements of |Vcb|

Inclusive decays:

It corresponds to quark level decay rate ( ) + corrections

Last data in 2010 → Belle II result coming soon; No lattice → the first lattice study [Gambino,

Hashimoto, PRL ’20]

Exclusive decays:

Many data with different schemes. One can use lattice simulations.

B → Xcℓν

b → cℓν αs, ΛQCD/mb

B → Dℓν, B → D*ℓν

Hadron states (=D**, D*, D, Dπ, Dππ…)

Xc

For determination of |Vcb|, one

measures branching ratios of

B-meson semileptonic decay

modes, and compare TH

Semileptonic mode

Xc

` = e, µ<latexit sha1_base64="c49lsLf+fGy8wvLCE5xsgYPKBh0=">AAAB9XicbVBNSwMxEM36WetX1aOXYBE8SNmtgl6EohePFewHdNeSTWfb0CS7JFmlLP0fXjwo4tX/4s1/Y9ruQVsfDDzem2FmXphwpo3rfjtLyyura+uFjeLm1vbObmlvv6njVFFo0JjHqh0SDZxJaBhmOLQTBUSEHFrh8Gbitx5BaRbLezNKIBCkL1nEKDFWevCBc3yFAZ9iX6TdUtmtuFPgReLlpIxy1LulL78X01SANJQTrTuem5ggI8owymFc9FMNCaFD0oeOpZII0EE2vXqMj63Sw1GsbEmDp+rviYwIrUcitJ2CmIGe9ybif14nNdFlkDGZpAYknS2KUo5NjCcR4B5TQA0fWUKoYvZWTAdEEWpsUEUbgjf/8iJpViveWaV6d16uXedxFNAhOkInyEMXqIZuUR01EEUKPaNX9OY8OS/Ou/Mxa11y8pkD9AfO5w91wpEv</latexit>


33

Average of the inclusive determinations

CKM unitarity

~3σ tension between inclusive vs. exclusive determinations of Vcb and Vub

[Ricciardi, Rotondo, 1912.09562]

2ρ

0 1 2

]-3

| [10

cb G

(1) |

VEWη

20

30

40

50

HFLAV2018

ALEPH

CLEO

BELLEBABAR global fit

BABAR taggedAVERAGE

= 12χ Δ

/dof = 5.0/ 82χ

2ρ

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

]-3

| [10

cb F

(1) |

VEWη

30

35

40

HFLAVSpring 2019

ALEPH

CLEO

OPAL(part. reco.)

OPAL(excl.)

DELPHI(part. reco.)

DELPHI (excl.)

BELLE

BABAR (excl.)BABAR (D*0)BABAR (Global Fit)

AVERAGE

= 12χ Δ

/dof = 42.3/232χ

B → D*ℓνB → Dℓν[HFLAV averages 2019, based on CLN]

Belle II preliminary result [Moriond2021]

Inclusive Vcb = 41.7 (12) x 10-3

NP interpretation is difficult [Iguro, Watanabe, 2004.10208] Kaon physics prefers

inclusive Vcb (→ page 36)

Average of the exclusive determinations


34

Lepton flavor universality (LFU)

Gauge symmetry predicts lepton flavor universal phenomena

e<latexit sha1_base64="ulexyCRfpHT3r2hwDQA7tMYj1E4=">AAAB6HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mqoMeCF721YGuhDWWznbRrN5uwuxFK6C/w4kERr/4kb/4bt20O2vpg4PHeDDPzgkRwbVz32ymsrW9sbhW3Szu7e/sH5cOjto5TxbDFYhGrTkA1Ci6xZbgR2EkU0igQ+BCMb2b+wxMqzWN5byYJ+hEdSh5yRo2VmtgvV9yqOwdZJV5OKpCj0S9/9QYxSyOUhgmqdddzE+NnVBnOBE5LvVRjQtmYDrFrqaQRaj+bHzolZ1YZkDBWtqQhc/X3REYjrSdRYDsjakZ62ZuJ/3nd1ITXfsZlkhqUbLEoTAUxMZl9TQZcITNiYgllittbCRtRRZmx2ZRsCN7yy6ukXat6F9Va87JSv8vjKMIJnMI5eHAFdbiFBrSAAcIzvMKb8+i8OO/Ox6K14OQzx/AHzucPzNaM9A==</latexit>

µ<latexit sha1_base64="kTsxsAi1puLVD9In4+YTdi/ueMM=">AAAB6nicbVBNSwMxEJ3Ur1q/qh69BIvgqexWQY8FL3qraD+gXUo2zbahSXZJskJZ+hO8eFDEq7/Im//GtN2Dtj4YeLw3w8y8MBHcWM/7RoW19Y3NreJ2aWd3b/+gfHjUMnGqKWvSWMS6ExLDBFesabkVrJNoRmQoWDsc38z89hPThsfq0U4SFkgyVDzilFgnPfRk2i9XvKo3B14lfk4qkKPRL3/1BjFNJVOWCmJM1/cSG2REW04Fm5Z6qWEJoWMyZF1HFZHMBNn81Ck+c8oAR7F2pSyeq78nMiKNmcjQdUpiR2bZm4n/ed3URtdBxlWSWqboYlGUCmxjPPsbD7hm1IqJI4Rq7m7FdEQ0odalU3Ih+Msvr5JWrepfVGv3l5X6XR5HEU7gFM7Bhyuowy00oAkUhvAMr/CGBHpB7+hj0VpA+cwx/AH6/AFgx43h</latexit>

⌧<latexit sha1_base64="YHx5dBVtnc6vg3liwNVmERVSg+Q=">AAAB63icbVBNS8NAEJ34WetX1aOXxSJ4KkkV9FjworcK9gPaUDbbTbt0dxN2J0IJ/QtePCji1T/kzX9j0uagrQ8GHu/NMDMviKWw6Lrfztr6xubWdmmnvLu3f3BYOTpu2ygxjLdYJCPTDajlUmjeQoGSd2PDqQok7wST29zvPHFjRaQfcRpzX9GRFqFgFHOpjzQZVKpuzZ2DrBKvIFUo0BxUvvrDiCWKa2SSWtvz3Bj9lBoUTPJZuZ9YHlM2oSPey6imils/nd86I+eZMiRhZLLSSObq74mUKmunKsg6FcWxXfZy8T+vl2B446dCxwlyzRaLwkQSjEj+OBkKwxnKaUYoMyK7lbAxNZRhFk85C8FbfnmVtOs177JWf7iqNu6LOEpwCmdwAR5cQwPuoAktYDCGZ3iFN0c5L86787FoXXOKmRP4A+fzBySWjlM=</latexit>

=<latexit sha1_base64="k5RwRTpDUuczUHOeIMvRgrp09YA=">AAAB6HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKexGQS9CwIveEjAPSJYwO+lNxszOLjOzQgj5Ai8eFPHqJ3nzb5wke9DEgoaiqpvuriARXBvX/XZya+sbm1v57cLO7t7+QfHwqKnjVDFssFjEqh1QjYJLbBhuBLYThTQKBLaC0e3Mbz2h0jyWD2acoB/RgeQhZ9RYqX7TK5bcsjsHWSVeRkqQodYrfnX7MUsjlIYJqnXHcxPjT6gynAmcFrqpxoSyER1gx1JJI9T+ZH7olJxZpU/CWNmShszV3xMTGmk9jgLbGVEz1MveTPzP66QmvPYnXCapQckWi8JUEBOT2dekzxUyI8aWUKa4vZWwIVWUGZtNwYbgLb+8SpqVsndRrtQvS9X7LI48nMApnIMHV1CFO6hBAxggPMMrvDmPzovz7nwsWnNONnMMf+B8/gCQNozM</latexit> =<latexit sha1_base64="k5RwRTpDUuczUHOeIMvRgrp09YA=">AAAB6HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKexGQS9CwIveEjAPSJYwO+lNxszOLjOzQgj5Ai8eFPHqJ3nzb5wke9DEgoaiqpvuriARXBvX/XZya+sbm1v57cLO7t7+QfHwqKnjVDFssFjEqh1QjYJLbBhuBLYThTQKBLaC0e3Mbz2h0jyWD2acoB/RgeQhZ9RYqX7TK5bcsjsHWSVeRkqQodYrfnX7MUsjlIYJqnXHcxPjT6gynAmcFrqpxoSyER1gx1JJI9T+ZH7olJxZpU/CWNmShszV3xMTGmk9jgLbGVEz1MveTPzP66QmvPYnXCapQckWi8JUEBOT2dekzxUyI8aWUKa4vZWwIVWUGZtNwYbgLb+8SpqVsndRrtQvS9X7LI48nMApnIMHV1CFO6hBAxggPMMrvDmPzovz7nwsWnNONnMMf+B8/gCQNozM</latexit>

⌫e, e<latexit sha1_base64="xSVZmRPPd7AD9qaGcCe3qAWPxFI=">AAAB8HicbVBNSwMxEM3Wr1q/qh69BIvgoZTdKuix4EVvFeyHdJeSTWfb0CS7JFmhLP0VXjwo4tWf481/Y9ruQVsfDDzem2FmXphwpo3rfjuFtfWNza3idmlnd2//oHx41NZxqii0aMxj1Q2JBs4ktAwzHLqJAiJCDp1wfDPzO0+gNIvlg5kkEAgylCxilBgrPfoy7UPVr0K/XHFr7hx4lXg5qaAczX75yx/ENBUgDeVE657nJibIiDKMcpiW/FRDQuiYDKFnqSQCdJDND57iM6sMcBQrW9Lgufp7IiNC64kIbacgZqSXvZn4n9dLTXQdZEwmqQFJF4uilGMT49n3eMAUUMMnlhCqmL0V0xFRhBqbUcmG4C2/vEra9Zp3UavfX1Yad3kcRXSCTtE58tAVaqBb1EQtRJFAz+gVvTnKeXHenY9Fa8HJZ47RHzifPx9bj/s=</latexit>

⌫µ, µ<latexit sha1_base64="+O4nb7vtf6G0fXccfL89mGxLQG4=">AAAB9HicbVDLSsNAFL2pr1pfVZdugkVwUUpSBV0W3Oiugq2FJpTJdNIOnZnEeRRK6He4caGIWz/GnX/jtM1CWw/cy+Gce5k7J0oZVdrzvp3C2vrG5lZxu7Szu7d/UD48aqvESExaOGGJ7ERIEUYFaWmqGemkkiAeMfIYjW5m/uOYSEUT8aAnKQk5GggaU4y0lcJAmF7ATTWo2t4rV7yaN4e7SvycVCBHs1f+CvoJNpwIjRlSqut7qQ4zJDXFjExLgVEkRXiEBqRrqUCcqDCbHz11z6zSd+NE2hLanau/NzLElZrwyE5ypIdq2ZuJ/3ldo+PrMKMiNZoIvHgoNszViTtLwO1TSbBmE0sQltTe6uIhkghrm1PJhuAvf3mVtOs1/6JWv7+sNO7yOIpwAqdwDj5cQQNuoQktwPAEz/AKb87YeXHenY/FaMHJd47hD5zPH1U2kdU=</latexit>

⌫⌧ , ⌧<latexit sha1_base64="+hsjPkNegX1tT6bALt0QJpqVmjo=">AAAB+HicbVDLSsNAFL2pr1ofjbp0EyyCi1KSKuiy4EZ3FWwtNCFMppN26GQS5iHU0C9x40IRt36KO//GaZuFth643MM59zJ3TpQxKpXrflultfWNza3ydmVnd2+/ah8cdmWqBSYdnLJU9CIkCaOcdBRVjPQyQVASMfIQja9n/sMjEZKm/F5NMhIkaMhpTDFSRgrtqs916Cuk63591kK75jbcOZxV4hWkBgXaof3lD1KsE8IVZkjKvudmKsiRUBQzMq34WpIM4TEakr6hHCVEBvn88KlzapSBE6fCFFfOXP29kaNEykkSmckEqZFc9mbif15fq/gqyCnPtCIcLx6KNXNU6sxScAZUEKzYxBCEBTW3OniEBMLKZFUxIXjLX14l3WbDO2807y5qrdsijjIcwwmcgQeX0IIbaEMHMGh4hld4s56sF+vd+liMlqxi5wj+wPr8AVy5kuo=</latexit>

Charged lepton mass changes kinematics and modifies scalar form factors in the

hadronization, which eventually violates the lepton flavor universality

Long-distance QED correction (beyond PHOTOS) could violate the lepton flavor

universality [de Boer, TK, Nisandzic, PRL ’18; Isidori, Nabeebaccus, Zwicky, ‘20]

�/Z/W<latexit sha1_base64="bbTxOm3fiuikLC7Nuhh05jPhTWw=">AAAB8XicdVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4ms60M9juim5cVrC2tB1KJs20oUlmSDJCGfoXblwo4ta/ceffmD4EFT1w4XDOvdx7T5gwqrTjfFi5tfWNza38dmFnd2//oHh4dKfiVGLSwjGLZSdEijAqSEtTzUgnkQTxkJF2OLma++17IhWNxa2eJiTgaCRoRDHSRur2R4hzVO6W24NiybHdqu/WqtCxfd/zK44hnu9V63Xo2s4CJbBCc1B87w9jnHIiNGZIqZ7rJDrIkNQUMzIr9FNFEoQnaER6hgrEiQqyxcUzeGaUIYxiaUpouFC/T2SIKzXloenkSI/Vb28u/uX1Uh3VgoyKJNVE4OWiKGVQx3D+PhxSSbBmU0MQltTcCvEYSYS1CalgQvj6FP5P7iomKLty45Ual6s48uAEnIJz4IIL0ADXoAlaAAMBHsATeLaU9Wi9WK/L1py1mjkGP2C9fQIvT5Cc</latexit>

R(D(*)) =BR(B → D(*)τντ)BR(B → D(*)ℓνℓ)

NP, e.g., Leptoquark

vs.

Vcb dependence is dropped

SM

B(B ! D`⌫) = 2%, B(B ! D⇤`⌫) = 5%,<latexit sha1_base64="Quk9r2JfkshPNpHqP76VBAkdjsY=">AAACM3icbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tJNsBQqSJmpim6EUl2Iqwr2AZ2xZNK0Dc1khiQjlKF+kxt/xIUgLhRx6z+YaWdRWw8EDuecS+49XsioVJb1ZiwsLi2vrGbWsusbm1vb5s5uXQaRwKSGAxaIpockYZSTmqKKkWYoCPI9Rhre4DLxGw9ESBrwOzUMieujHqddipHSUtu8cXyk+hixuDIqVBwVwCvoEMagw6PDC1hy8keP85F7B0k1nTvVubaZs4rWGHCe2CnJgRTVtvnidAIc+YQrzJCULdsKlRsjoShmZJR1IklChAeoR1qacuQT6cbjm0cwr5UO7AZCP67gWJ2eiJEv5dD3dDJZX856ifif14pU99yNKQ8jRTiefNSNGNR3JwXCDhUEKzbUBGFB9a4Q95FAWOmas7oEe/bkeVIvFe3jYun2JFeupHVkwD44AAVggzNQBtegCmoAgyfwCj7Ap/FsvBtfxvckumCkM3vgD4yfX/+3qAo=</latexit>

LFU observable R(D)

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5R(D)

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4R(D

*)HFLAV average

Average of SM predictions

= 1.0 contours2χΔ

0.003±R(D) = 0.299 0.005±R(D*) = 0.258

HFLAV

Winter 2019

) = 27%2χP(

σ3

LHCb15

LHCb18

Belle17

Belle19 Belle15

BaBar12

HFLAVSpring 2019

[HFLAV averages 2019]

RSMD = 0.297 ± 0.003

RSMD* = 0.250 ± 0.003

New SM prediction

3.8 σ →→→ 3.1 σ →→→ ~ 4 σ tension

Average of the experimental data

New Belle data ‘19 New SM ‘20

Soft-photon QED corrections could change these tensions

It was shown that the QED correction violates LFU at a few % level [de Boer, TK, Nisandzic, PRL ’18]

[Bordone, Jung, van Dyk, ’20; Iguro Watanabe, ‘20]


37

EFT global fit

Relevant effective Hamiltonian

Collider bound

Bound from < 60%BR(B+c → τ+ν)

[Blanke, Crivellin, TK, Moscati, Nierste, Nisandzic, ’19]

OLV = (c�µ

PLb) (⌧�µPL⌫⌧ )

ORS = (cPRb) (⌧PL⌫⌧ )

OLS = (cPLb) (⌧PL⌫⌧ )

OT = (c�µ⌫PLb) (⌧�µ⌫PL⌫⌧ )

<latexit sha1_base64="/qzzB1H1Xn+CVbQRjrHM/kxhJPM=">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</latexit>

10% bound is too stringent


38

Single particle interpretationsOne WC scenarios Two WCs scenarios

CLV

, SU(2)L-singlet vector LeptoQuark (LQ), SU(2)L-triplet and/or -singlet scalar LQ

W′

CRS

CLS

CLS = 4CT

Charged Higgs, SU(2)L-doublet vector LQ ( )V2

Charged Higgs with generic flavour structure

scalar SU(2)L-doublet LQ ( ) (“4” is modified by RG evolution)

R2

(CLV, CL

S = − 4CT) SU(2)L-singlet scalar LQ ( ) S1

(CLV, CR

S )

(CRS , CL

S )

(Re[CLS = 4CT],

Im[CLS = 4CT])

SU(2)L-singlet vector LQ ( )U1

Charged Higgs with generic flavour structure

scalar SU(2)L-doublet LQ ( )R2

There are so many detailed studies for each single particle scenarios

There are also “two LQs” scenarios


(also valid for RH neutrino scenarios)

39

Model-independent prediction: R(Λc)

Crosscheck of anomaly is possible by

R(D(*))R(Λc)

R(⇤c)

R(⇤c)SM' 0.26

R(D)

R(D)SM+ 0.74

R(D⇤)

R(D⇤)SM

Baryonic counterpart: @ LHCb

[Blanke, Crivellin, TK, Moscati, Nierste, Nisandzic, ’19]

SU(2)L-singlet scalar LQ ( )S1

Charged Higgs

SU(2)L-singlet vector LQ ( )U1

SU(2)L-doublet scalar LQ ( )R2

There is no data yet, but soon?

Model-independent sum rule

R (⇤c) = 0.38± 0.01R(D(⇤)) ± 0.01FF<latexit sha1_base64="XtDyDyDatwUJSSpD0jMHH4Tz23I=">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</latexit>

Similar ellipses!

[Bernlochner, Liegt, Robinson, Sutcliffe, PRL ’18]R(⇤c) =B(⇤0

b ! ⇤+c ⌧

�⌫⌧ )

B(⇤0b ! ⇤+

c `�⌫`)<latexit sha1_base64="YQgsV3L88ULwyLmhFWGaxN0WX7I=">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</latexit>

Sum rule for R(Λc) prediction from the form factor analysis

R (⇤c)SM = 0.324± 0.004<latexit sha1_base64="+IW9hirRWYcRY34I5zvqzPvt5yE=">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</latexit>


40

LQ vs LHC

LQ can be probed by LHC directly and indirectly

Vector leptoquark scenario [Cornella et al, 2103.16558]R(D) & R(K)

[Greljo, Camalich, Ruiz-Alvarez PRL ’19; Marzocca, Min, Son, ’20; Iguro, Takeuchi, Watanabe 2011.02486]

Current bounds:

The direct bound comes from high- tails in mono-τ searchespT

|CLV | < 0.32, |CL(R)

S | < 0.55, |CT | < 0.17<latexit sha1_base64="QSbfwI3KfvPJru3dc8BNckIPeLY=">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</latexit>

|CLV | < 0.42, |CL(R)

S | < 0.8, |CT | < 0.35<latexit sha1_base64="9CBXsaOTdxoIVQ+8XBG90t3ejsE=">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</latexit>

EFT:

2TeV LQ:

R(K(*)) =BR(B → K(*)μ+μ−)BR(B → K(*)e+e−)

NP, e.g., Z’ boson

vs.

SM

B(B ! K`+`�) = O(10�7), B(B ! K⇤`+`�) = O(10�6)<latexit sha1_base64="T01A/hqa2A16vXtuSD+25ewmbR4=">AAACXnichVFdSwJBFJ3dymzNtHoJehmSQKlk1yJ7CcRegh4yyA9wV5kdRx2c/WBmNpBl+5G9RS/9lMYPojTowDCHc+/h3jnjhowKaZrvmr6xuZXaTu8Ymd3sXi6/f9ASQcQxaeKABbzjIkEY9UlTUslIJ+QEeS4jbXdyN6u3XwgXNPCf5TQkjodGPh1SjKSS+vnI9pAcY8TielKs2zKAD9AmjPXOFtdF6RZ+tzwmRcvsxRfVpHT+um7s2UjI/93XSamfL5hlcw64TqwlKYAlGv38mz0IcOQRX2KGhOhaZiidGHFJMSOJYUeChAhP0Ih0FfWRR4QTz+NJ4KlSBnAYcHV8CefqT0eMPCGmnqs6Z7uK1dpM/KvWjeTwxompH0aS+HgxaBgxqMKYZQ0HlBMs2VQRhDlVu0I8RhxhqX7EUCFYq09eJ61K2bosV56uCrX6Mo40OAYnoAgsUAU1cA8aoAkw+NA0zdAy2qee0rN6btGqa0vPIfgF/egL3SKx5Q==</latexit>

LFU observable R(K)


42

anomaliesb → sμ+μ−

In 2019 and 2020, LHCb and Belle presented new results

[LHCb, 2003.04831]


43

In 2019 and 2020, LHCb and Belle presented new results

[LHCb, 2003.04831]

2.5 σ 2.5 σ2.5 σ

2.5 σ, 2.9 σ

3.7 σ

Angular distribution of [K6] is also deviated

at 2.6 σ [LHCb, 1808.00264]

Λb → Λμ+μ−

anomaliesb → sμ+μ−


44

R(K) in Moriond2021

Last month, R(K) was confirmed by using full Run 2 data [LHCb Moriond2021, 2103.11769]

2.5 σ → 3.1σR(K) only

[Kriewald, Hat, Orloff, Teixeira, 2104.00015]


46

SMEFT global fit[Kriewald, Hat, Orloff, Teixeira, 2104.00015]Relevant effective Hamiltonian

He↵ = �4GFp2VtbV

⇤ts

e2

16⇡2

X

i

CiOi

<latexit sha1_base64="sGwrbZUEHBLrD60czYrvSgJYPzw=">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</latexit>

O7 = (s�µ⌫PRb)Fµ⌫

O9 = (s�µPLb)�¯�µ`

�

O10 = (s�µPLb)�¯�µ�5`

�<latexit sha1_base64="Oj7qGTjdbZ9nLBaZgGm/5/I6q8Q=">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</latexit>

All deviations in are the same directionb → sμ+μ−

[Geng et al, 2103.12738; Altmannshofer et al, 2103.13370; Cornella et al, 2103.16558; Alguero et al, 2104.08921; Hurth et al, 2104.10058]

⇤NP = O(10)TeV<latexit sha1_base64="cWadvxFL/mVR/JGOiEHa63KljmY=">AAACE3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsAjVRUmqoBuh6MaFaIW+oAlhMpm0QycPZiZCCfkHN/6KGxeKuHXjzr9xmmahrQcGDuecy9x73JhRIQ3jW1tYXFpeWS2tldc3Nre29Z3djogSjkkbRyziPRcJwmhI2pJKRnoxJyhwGem6o6uJ330gXNAobMlxTOwADULqU4ykkhz92LpRYQ85qcUDeNvM4IUVIDnEiKV3WdU0jnKjRTqZo1eMmpEDzhOzIBVQoOnoX5YX4SQgocQMCdE3jVjaKeKSYkayspUIEiM8QgPSVzREARF2mt+UwUOleNCPuHqhhLn6eyJFgRDjwFXJyb5i1puI/3n9RPrndkrDOJEkxNOP/IRBGcFJQdCjnGDJxoogzKnaFeIh4ghLVWNZlWDOnjxPOvWaeVKr359WGpdFHSWwDw5AFZjgDDTANWiCNsDgETyDV/CmPWkv2rv2MY0uaMXMHvgD7fMHVm+dLg==</latexit>

Including the look-elsewhere effect and conservative theoretical error from charm loops, the global significance of is 3.9σ b → sℓ+ℓ−

[Lancierini, Isidori, Owen, Serra, 2104.05631]


48

Refs particles solve mass scale

Arcadi et al, 2104.03228 Vector-like fermion + scalars muon g-2, R(K), DM 0.1～1 TeV VL

Nomura, Okada 2104.03248 Scalar LeptoQuark (LQ) muon g-2, R(K), . 　～5 TeV LQ

Bhattacharya et al, 2104.03947 ALP muon g-2, Kπ puzzle ～140 MeV ALP

Marzocca, Trifinopoulos, 2104.05730 Scalar LQ + scalar muon g-2, R(K), R(D), CAA ～5 TeV LQ

Du et al, 2104.05685; 　　Ban et al, 2104.06656 Vector LQ muon g-2, R(K), R(D) ～2 TeV LQ

(B + muon g-2) anomaly =?

mν

・・・


49

Summary of anomalies —fake or real? —~3σ ~4σ

3.9σ2.2σ? 3-4σ

4.2σ?

4.7σ?

4.2σ?

SUSY? Leptoquark? Axion-like particle? Z’? Vector-like fermion?

|"K |⇥ 103<latexit sha1_base64="SxstL48wq2llysgPhTqNPFzbAp8=">AAACA3icbVC7SgNBFL0bXzG+Vu20GQyCVdhNBC2DNoJNBPOA7BpmJ7PJkNkHM7OBsAnY+Cs2ForY+hN2/o2TZAtNPDBw7jn3cuceL+ZMKsv6NnIrq2vrG/nNwtb2zu6euX/QkFEiCK2TiEei5WFJOQtpXTHFaSsWFAcep01vcD31m0MqJIvCezWKqRvgXsh8RrDSUsc8GjtDLGgsGdfl7dhRLKAS2dZDpWMWrZI1A1omdkaKkKHWMb+cbkSSgIaKcCxl27Zi5aZYKEY4nRScRNIYkwHu0bamIdab3HR2wwSdaqWL/EjoFyo0U39PpDiQchR4ujPAqi8Xvan4n9dOlH/ppiyME0VDMl/kJxypCE0DQV0mKFF8pAkmgum/ItLHAhOlYyvoEOzFk5dJo1yyK6Xy3XmxepXFkYdjOIEzsOECqnADNagDgUd4hld4M56MF+Pd+Ji35oxs5hD+wPj8Aa7El4Q=</latexit>

teppei strings sub - yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp

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