teriparatide
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
TERIPARATIDE
Teriparatide [rDNA origin]
ACTION: Works through a normal physiologic pathway via PTH receptors on bone
EFFECT: Increases bone remodeling
RESULT: Bone formation significantly exceeds bone resorption
OUTCOME: Increase in skeletal mass and bone strength
Teriparatide is an anabolic agent with a unique mechanism of action compared to that of currently available antiresorptive therapies.
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Ser Val Ser Glu Ile Gln Leu Met His AsnLeu
GlyLysHisLeuAsnSerMetGluArgValGlu
Trp
LeuArg Lys Lys Leu Gln Asp Val His Asn Phe
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40
6070
80
-COOH
H2N-
Sequence is identical to that of 34 N-terminal amino acids of the endogenous 84-aminoacids
Intact PTH is hPTH (1-84)
Teriparatide is hPTH (1-34)- synthetic- recombinant
Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 and 1-841
acid human PTH
Busy slide
Teriparatide It is recombinant parathyroid
hormone that is approved for postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis who are at high-risk for having a fracture or who have failed or been intolerant of previous osteoporosis therapy & in Steroid induced Osteoporosis.
Actions: Increases bone density and causesthickening of the outer shell of bones
Teriparatide [rDNA origin]
Teriparatide increases the number and action of osteoblasts to stimulate new bone formation on both trabecular and cortical bone surfaces by preferential stimulation of osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity
It rapidly (in as little as 3 months) increase BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
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Preferentially osteoblastic bone formation over osteoclastic bone resorption
Skeletal mass and bone strength Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD
Vertebral and non vertebral fractures
Back pain
Teriparatide – Pharmacological Action
Teriparatide is produced in a strain of E.coli employing recombinant DNA technology. It is a water soluble protein with a molecular weight of 4117.8 Daltons.
Significantly increases• whole BMD• lumbar BMD• femoral BMD
Significantly reduces • new vertebral fractures (RR - 0.35)• new non-vertebral fractures (RR - 0.54)
Administration and dose determine PTH effects on bone
Mode Effect
Daily(Low Dose) Anabolic
Continuous(High Dose) Catabolic
PTHonce-daily continuous
RANKL OPG
osteoclast
bone resorption
serum Ca++
osteoblast apoptosis
boneliningcells
cbfa1 (pre-OB)
osteoblast number/function
bone formation
bone mass/strength
Mode of Delivery Determines Skeletal Response to PTH
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) – Mechanism of action
PTH binds to cell surface G protein-coupled receptor
Decreased apoptosis of osteoblasts
Stimulates differentiation of bone lining cells and
preosteoblasts to osteoblast
Net increase in number and action of bone forming osteoblasts
Effects on Bone Remodeling
Effects of Antiresorptives
Effects of teriparatide [rDNA origin] injection
Normal Bone Remodeling Process
Resorption Cavities
Bone
Osteoclasts
Lining Cells
Lining Cells
Mineralized Bone
Osteoblasts
Osteoid
High Bone Turnover Leads to Development of Stress Risers and Perforations
Stress RisersPerforations
Bone
Osteoclasts
Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover
Components of bone matrix that are released during the process of bone remodeling (resorption and formation)
Reflect, but do not regulate bone remodeling dynamics
Serum Markers of Bone Turnover
Formation
Bone alkaline phosphatase Bone ALP
Osteocalcin OC
Procollagen type I C propeptide PICP
Procollagen type I N propeptide PINP
Resorption
N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen NTX
C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen CTX
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase TRAP
Delmas P. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16:2370.
Urine Markers of Bone Turnover
Resorption
Hydroxyproline HypPyridinoline PYDDeoxypyridinoline
DPDN-terminal cross-linking telopeptide
of type I collagen NTXC-terminal cross-linking telopeptide
of type I collagen CTX
Delmas P. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16:2370.
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Months0 1 3 6 12
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0
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150
200
250Teriparatide
Months0 1 3 6 12
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250Alendronate
NTxPINP
Mea
n %
Ch
ang
e w
ith
SE
197
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Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover Contrasted Data on Mechanism of Action1
1. J Bone Miner Res . 2003;18:1932-1941.
After 21 monthsBaseline
These microCT images of iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained from a 65-year-old woman who had a BMD response that is representative of the treatment group.1 FORTEO forms normal-quality bone (as shown by lack of woven bone and marrow fibrosis).
Teriparatide [rDNA origin] Stimulates New Bone Formation
Thus is indicated for:
Treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture
Primary or hypogonadal osteoporosis with high risk for fractures.
Treatment of men and women with osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy at high risk for fracture.
Indications
Teriparatide in Glucocorticoid-induced
Osteoporosis
Kenneth G. Saag1, Elizabeth Shane2, Steven Boonen3,Fernando Marin4, David W Donley4, Kathleen A. Taylor4,
Gail P. Dalsky4, Robert Marcus4
1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL2Columbia University, New York, NY
3Katholieke Universiteit-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium4Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis IN
Dosage and Administration
Recommended dose: 20 µg administered once daily
Route: To be injected subcutaneously in thigh or abdomen.
Concurrently the patients should receive calcium and vitamin D supplements if dietary intake is inadequate.
It should be administered initially while the patient is in a supine or sitting position as orthostatic hypotension may occur.The safety and efficacy of Teriparatide have not been evaluated beyond 2 years of treatment. Consequently, use of the drug for more than 18 months is not recommended.
Effects on Serum and Urine Biochemical Tests
Hypercalcemia was absent or mild and transient (normally 24 hours after dose)
Mean serum uric acid concentrations increased 13-20% (no sequelae)
No clinical adverse events were associated with increases in serum or urine calcium
Changes reversed after Teriparatide withdrawal
Studies in rats indicate an increased risk of osteosarcoma at systemic exposures ranging from 3-60 times the exposure in humans given 20 µg dose. However, incidence of osteosarcoma is very rare in humans.
Since the paediatric patients and young adults with open epiphyses have an increased baseline risk of osteosarcoma, teriparatide should not be used.
Paget’s disease of bone, HyperParathyroidism.
Prior Radiotherapy given for Primary/Secondary Bone Tumors or in bony metastasis.
Warnings
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Body as a whole: Pain, Headache, Asthenia, Neck pain
Cardiovascular: Hypertension, Angina pectoris, Syncope
Digestive System: Nausea, Constipation, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Gastrointestinal disorder, Vomiting, Tooth disorder
Musculoskeletal: Arthralgia, Leg cramps
Published Adverse Events
Nervous System:
Dizziness, Depression, Insomnia, Vertigo
Respiratory System: Rhinitis ,Increased cough, Pharyngitis, Dyspnea, Pneumonia
Skin and Appendages:
Rash, Sweating
Published Adverse Events
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Adverse Events
Adverse events usually were mild and generally did not require discontinuation of therapy
Reported adverse events that appeared to be increased by Teriparatide treatment were dizziness and leg cramps
Transient episodes of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension were observed frequently .
Limited information is available to evaluate safety in patients with hepatic, renal, and cardiac disease.
Teripartide should be used with caution in patients with active or recent urolithiasis. It should be used with caution in patients taking digitalis. Caution should be taken in patients with moderate renal impairment .
NT: Dosage adjustment based on age is not required in Geriatric Population
Precautions
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Should not be used in Pregnancy & Lactation.
It is not known whether rhPTH is excreted into milk.
Teriparaitide should be used by breast-feeding women depending on the importance of the drug to the mother.
Contraindications Teriparatide is not given in following patients:
Pre-existing hypercalcemia
Moderate to Severe renal impairment
Metabolic bone diseases other than primary osteoporosis (including hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease of the bone).
Unexplained elevations of alkaline phosphatase. In cases where Radiotherapy for Bony Tumors being given.
Patients with skeletal malignancies or bone metastases
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Teriparatide (rhPTH (1-34))
TWO: Published Studies onrhPTH vs. Antiresorptives
* P<0.001 Ref: Cosman et al. 2011, J Bone Miner Res.
Teriparatide Vs. Zoledronic acid
Effects of Intravenous Zoledronic acid Plus Subcutaneous Teriparatide rhPTH(1–34)] in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, March 2011, pp 503–511
%BMD rise in Combination v/s single agent
Combination therapy provides the largest, most rapid increments when both spine and hip sites are
considered.
Outcomes
TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Teriparatide remain the workhorse of Refractory osteoporosis
& Glucorticoid induced Osteoporosis.