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Grade 7 Training manual 2017

EMS: EconomicsProduction process

Term 4

2 3Economics Production process: Term 4Economics Production process: Term 4

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PRODUCTION PROCESS

Glossary of Terms:

Learners must first give an description of the following words in their notebook:

CONCEPT DESCRIPTION Production Inputs Outputs Resources Economic growth Productivity Technology Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary sector Mining Fishing Forestry Agriculture Process Manufacturing Non renewable Renewable


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PRODUCTION PROCESS

Glossary of Terms:

Learners must first give an description of the following words in their notebook:

CONCEPT DESCRIPTION Production Inputs Outputs Resources Economic growth Productivity Technology Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary sector Mining Fishing Forestry Agriculture Process Manufacturing Non renewable Renewable

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LESSON PLAN

Subject: EMS Grade: 7 Educator(s) Signature:

Topic: Entrepreneurship: The production process

Date:

HOD Signature:

Term: 4 Week(s): 2 - 4 Duration: 12 periods of 30 minutes Prior content knowledge: Inequality and poverty

Link with next lesson: Government

Content: Definition of production; Inputs and Outputs; Sustainable use of resources; Meaning of economic growth; Meaning of productivity; The effect of productivity on the economic growth; Technology in the production process; Contribution of technology to improving productivity and economic growth

Vocabulary/Important words: Production, sustainable, resources, renewable, non-renewable, productivity, economic growth, end product, technology

Aims and Objectives of the lesson By the end of the lesson learners will be able to: Define production Distinguish between inputs and outputs Discuss sustainable use of resources Define economic growth Explain the effect of productivity on economic growth Discuss the use of technology in the production process Explain how technology can improve productivity and economic growth Teaching Methods: Q & A Lecture Group discussion

Differentiation (Enrichment opportunities/ addressing barriers to learning & Inclusion) Assist learners by showing them how at their desks Teachers can use any of the provided activities in lesson plan or activities in text book as per the context of the school for class or home work purposes.

ASSESSMENT STRATEGY: Formal Informal Form of assessment: Assessment tool: Marking memorandum or Informal: solutions in teacher guide Baseline, Class, and homework activities Formal: End-of-year-examination Evidence of assessment Teacher: Marked and controlled learners work in their class work books. Marking of examination, moderated by HOD and placed in learners books or office. Learners: Class activities peer marked books and controlled by teacher. Learner’s exam scripts marked by teacher, moderated by HOD and kept in office.

X X


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TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES:

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES:

Performs baseline for first five minutes.

• Discuss definition of productivity and explain why it is important

• Write it on chalk board for learners to write • in their class work books • Explains inputs and out puts. • Explain activity to be completed in class or

as home work. • Mark learners work – peer marking. Write

any difficult work on the chalk board. • Explain sustainable use of resources • Explain the meaning of economic growth • Explain the meaning of productivity • Explain the effect of productivity on the

economic growth

Learners answers baseline questions posed by teachers. Learners listen and are allowed to ask questions on topic discussed. Write down definition in class work books. Mark work through peer marking. Learners listen to instructions for completion of home work activity.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES:

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES:

Explain technology in the production process and improving productivity and economic growth Explain activity to be completed in class or as home work.

Learners listen to the topic discussed by teacher and are allowed to ask questions. Learners complete activity in class or as home work.

Mark learners work – peer marking. Write any difficult words on the chalk board. Continue explaining technology in the production process and improving productivity and economic growth Complete consolidation activity with learners.

Peer marking done by learners Learners listen to the topic discussed by teacher and are allowed to ask questions. Complete consolidation activity with teacher.

RESOURCES: Textbooks, chalkboard, class notes, class work books, Teacher’s comments/reflection: HOD input: Monitoring and support:


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What are we going to learn?

• Definition of production. • Inputs and outputs. • Sustainable use of resources. • Meaning of economic growth. • Meaning of productivity. • The effect of productivity on economic growth. • Technology in the production process. • The contribution of productivity to improve economic growth.

The definition of production

• When businesses use raw material in the production process to produce the goods that the market needs.

Inputs and outputs

• The material that businesses use in the production process, is called inputs. • Outputs are things that you get from the production process.

• Not all outputs that consumers can buy are final products.

Inputs ProducConprocess Outputs


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Businesses also need the following inputs in the production process:

Industrial sectors

• A sector is a way in which business activities are grouped. • There are three main sectors in the economy:

• The primary sector. • The secondary sector. • The tertiary sector.

• They need one another to survive.

INPUTSINTHE

PRODUCTION

PROCESS

Labour:theworkthatworkersdotoproduceaproduct.

Land:thenaturalresourcesthatthebusinessuse,e.g.thelandonwhichthefactoryisbuilt,thelandonwhichthetreesgrow,thewatertooperatethebusiness,energybymeansof

electricitythatdrivestheproductionprocess.

Capital:themoneythattheproductionprocessuseaswellasthemachineryandequipment(eglorriestotransportwoodandfurniture,machineslikesawstoproducefurnitureandcomputersto

operatethebusiness.

Entrepreneurship:theentrepreneur’sideasthatbringsalltheotherinputstogetherandorganiseitinasuccessful

productionprocess.


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a) The primary sector • Mostly in rural areas. • First layer of the economy. • The economic sector in which businesses use land en

natural resources as raw materials. ü Farming ü Fisheries ü Forestry ü Mining ü Hunt and collect.

b) The secondary sector

• Just on the outside of towns. • It is industries. • The economic sector where people use raw materials from

the primary sector to process and manufacture the things that people need.

ü Food and beverage industries. ü Motor car manufacturers, shipyards and factories that

can manufacture aeroplanes.

ü Anything that has to do with construction, engineering and metalwork. c) The tertiary sector

• Within towns. • Third layer of the economy. • The economic sector where businesses supply final goods

and services to the public. ü Schools for educational services. ü Hospitals for health care services. ü Banks for financial services. ü Law firms and the courts for legal services. ü Restaurants for food and beverages. ü Tourism for entertainment.

Sustainable use of resources

• Non-renewable: can not be renewed, if it is all used up, it can never be replaced. • Water • Coal • Oil

• Renewable resources are wood, plants and solar energy. • The production process use many different resources. • How can businesses use resources in a sustainable way?

Sustainable use of resources is an ethical business practice.


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The meaning of economic growth • An increase in an economy’s ability to produce goods and services over a specific period. • Measured as a percentage change in an economy’s gross domestic product(GDP).

For an economy to grow :

• The unemployment figures must be low. • The country must eradicate poverty so that all citizens can contribute towards the economy. • The population must be healthy, educated and skilled in order to work productively.

The meaning of productivity

• A measure of how much a person can get from the effort of doing something.

The effect of productivity on economic growth

• The more productive a country’s labourforce is, the greater a country’s economic growth will be.

• Unemployed people produce no goods and services. • Unskilled workers produce only a limited number of goods and services. • People that are ill , are absent from work for long periods of time.

Hierdie restaurant se produktiwiteit word gemeet aan hoe lank dit neem om die insette (pizzabestanddele) om te skakel na uitsette (pizzas). As Luigi baie pizzas van ’n hoë gehalte in baie min tyd maak, is hy produktief. As hy min pizzas, of pizzas wat nie behoorlik gaargemaak is nie, maak en baie tyd daaraan bestee om dit te doen, is hy nie produktief nie.

Figuur 15.13 Produktiwiteit in ’n pizzarestaurant

Gross domestic product (GDP): the total value of all the products and services a country produces over a certain period.


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Technology in the production process • Businesses use technology to make the production process quicker and more effecient. • Automises the production process.

Technology has the following advantages:

• They work quicker than people. • They make fewer mistakes than people. • They do not get tired and they do not get distracted. • They do not get sick and they do not take leave. • They can work for long hours day and night. • They do not have to be managed and they do not have to be remunerated monthly. • They do not have to be trained.

The contribution of technology to the improvement of productivity and economic growth

• It makes the production process quicker , more accurate and standardised. • It means that it helps the busines contribute towards economic growth. • Goods and services can be produced within less time. • More productive.

Automise : when a machine is used to change a process done by hand to an automatic process that is quicker and more efficient.


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CLASS ACTIVITIES ACTIVITY 1

Make a list of all the raw material and equipment (inputs) to produce the following products: a) A shirt b) A chair c) A computer

ACTIVITY 2 Study the following table and indicate whether the examples given are renewable or non-renewable resources:

Resources Renewable or Non-renewable resource Trees Water Coal Gold Paper Diamonds Oil

ACTIVITY 3 What is productivity? Study the definition of productivity below and answer the questions that follow. Productivity measures the output of production processes relative to each unit of input. In other words, an increase in productivity means that you get more output from the production process whilst employing the same inputs. a) What are inputs? b) What are outputs? c) What effects would increased productivity have on a community? (Mention three.). ACTIVITY 4 Measuring productivity Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow. Thembi’s mom cannot afford to give her any pocket money. Thembi told her mom not to worry for she’s got a good business idea that will earn her some pocket money. Thembi’s idea is to use discarded greeting cards, felt, glitter and other decorations to decorate notebook covers. She gets down to work and sells her decorated notebooks at the local flea market. It takes her half an hour to make a notebook cover and it costs her R10 for the notebook and decorations. She sells the notebooks for R20 at the flea market. a) Mr Jackson wants to buy 20 decorated notebooks from Thembi to give as gifts to his learners. How long will it take Thembi to produce 20 decorated notebooks?


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b) How much will it cost her to produce the 10 decorated notebooks? c) Productivity refers to the relationship between the inputs in the production process and the number of outputs that are produced. This can be measured by the formula: Quantity of outputs Productivity = Quantity of inputs How can the number of outputs in a production process be increased when the inputs remain the same? d) Another way of increasing output is by increasing input. How can Thembi increase her input? e) When you are able to produce more units by working faster, it decreases the cost of a single unit. If Thembi employs her brother Tshepo to help her cut designs from old greeting cards, Thembi will have more time to decorate the notebook covers. She pays Tshepo R1 per design that he cuts out and she pastes one on each notebook. This increases her input costs on the covers to R11 each. However, she now finds that it takes her only 15 minutes to decorate a book cover. How many covers can she decorate in an hour? f) How long will it take her to complete Mr Jackson’s order? g) Why can we say that Thembi decreases her inputs when it costs her R1 more to produce the units? ACTIVITY 5 Explain the following to your partner in writing (write your answers in your class work book) 1. What are natural resources? 2. Explain what is meant by the ‘sustainable use of resources’. 3. How can we harm the environment when seeking to satisfy our needs and wants? Give an example. 4. Give three examples of ways to conserve water. 5. What are the three ‘Rs’ of the sustainable use of resources?

40 PBEconomics Production process: Term 4Economics Production process: Term 4

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