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Jun 07 11 08:25p 7084890688 CHAPTER 14 VACUUM-TUBE OSCIILATORS 14-1. Oscilla.tor-circuit Arrangements . . Since th e power required by the input of an amplifier tube is necessarily less than th e am lified output, -"'.J./' it is ossible to rna e an amplifier su ly it s own Iliut. When this is done th e result is an oscillator. The typical oscillator i s a tuned amplifier so arranged as to provide an excitin between th e grid and cathode of th e tube that is approxi- mately 80° u f h 8e ·ith respect to th e alternating voltage developed (17' HtI,RTLE.'t (ol COLPITTS (c ) tUNED GRID tdl T\)NEfl PLATE . Lg C g Cgp Lp C p rl l ACTUAL CIRCUIT (f ) EQutVALENi CIRCUITS TUN EO· GRIO - TUNEO PLATE FIG. 14-1. Schematic circuits of common t.ypes of power oscillators.. To simplify the circuit diagrams the methods of introducing the plate-supply voltage and of develop- the grid bins are not shown, I bejl.w€,en plate and cathode. This phase relation counteracts the phase ..,'.er·sal produced by th e amplifying operation, an d 8 0 enables th e exciting VI),IT,".1YA to have th e polarity required to generate the amplifier output. Sche:ms,tic diagrams of commonly used oscillator circu.its are shown in In th e Hart.ley and Colpitts circuits th e necessary phase rela- is obtained by connecting th e grid and plate electrodes to the oppo ends of the tuned or tank circuit; in th e tuned-grid and th e tuned circuits the mntual inductance must have the appropriate polarity. th e tuned- grid-t uned-plate circuit, oscil lat ions are obtained only when grid tuned circuit LoCo and the plate tuned circu.it LpC. are both us ted to offe r an ind ueti ve reac tance at th e frequen cy to he genera. ted . arrang ement can accordingly be redrawn as shown in Fig. 14-lf, and 439 p.1

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8/6/2019 Terman Quote

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07 11 08:25p 7084890688

CHAPTER 14

VACUUM-TUBE OSCIILATORS

14-1. Oscilla.tor-circuit Arrangements . . Since th e power required by

the input of an amplifier tube is necessarily less than the am lified output, -"'.J./'it is ossible to rna e an amplifier su ly its own Iliut. When this is

done the result is an oscillator.

The typical oscillator is a tuned amplifier so arranged as to provide an

excitin between the grid and cathode of the tube that is approxi-mately 80° u f h 8e ·ith respect to the alternating voltage developed

(17' HtI,RTLE.'t (ol COLPITTS (c ) tUNED GRID tdl T\)NEfl PLATE

.Lg

Cgp Lp Cp

rl l ACTUAL CIRCUIT (f ) EQutVALENi CIRCUITS

TUNEO· GRIO - TUNEO PLATE

FIG. 14-1. Schematic circuits of common t.ypes of power oscillators.. To simplify thecircuit diagrams the methods of introducing the plate-supply voltage and of develop-

the grid bins are not shown, I

bejl.w€,en plate and cathode. This phase relation counteracts the phase..,'.er·sal produced by the amplifying operation, and 80 enables the exciting

VI),IT,".1YA to have the polarity required to generate the amplifier output.Sche:ms,tic diagrams of commonly used oscillator circu.its are shown in

In the Hart.ley and Colpitts circuits the necessary phase rela-

is obtained by connecting the grid and plate electrodes to the oppoends of the tuned or tank circuit; in the tuned-grid and the tuned

circuits the mntual inductance must have the appropriate polarity.

the tuned-grid-tuned-plate circuit, oscillations are obtained only whengrid tuned circuit LoCo and the plate tuned circu.it LpC. are both

usted to offer an ind ueti ve reactance at the frequency to he genera.ted.

arrangement can accordingly be redrawn as shown in Fig. 14-lf, and

439

p.1

Concept of Intelligence Nature vs. Nurture: * Galton (1859): the “g” factor * Alfred Binet (1905): IQ test * Lewis Terman (1916): “Terman kids” & the