terms, people, places and economics of latin america
TRANSCRIPT
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Terms, People, Places and Economics of Latin America
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Mexico
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Population and Cities
• Mexican citizens are moving to the cities because of economic opportunities there.
• Mexico’s population has doubled since 1970 and is largely very young.
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NAFTA
• Mexico is a member of NAFTA( North American Free Trade Agreement) along with the United States and Canada. This agreement has created a huge zone of cooperation on trade and economic issues. It is expected to contribute to the prosperity of the members
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Oil and Manufacturing
• Mexico’s economy includes a large industry based on it’s oil reserves in and along the Gulf of Mexico.
• Profits from oil have helped finance development.
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Maquiladoras• Many new factories are
located in northern Mexico. These are called Maquiladoras, factories where imported materials are assembled into finished goods for export to the United States.
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Emigration
• Many workers leave Mexico to work in the United States.
• Many send money back to their families and villages.
• Mexico shares a 2000 mile border with the United States.
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Work and School
• Rapidly growing population and government policies have contributed to a shortage of jobs.
• Without education and training, young workers cannot find jobs. Attendance in schools has improved.
• Education will become even more important as Mexico becomes more industrialized.
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Central America
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Culture of Central America
• Central America blends two major elements: Native American influences with those of Spanish settlers.
• Spanish language is dominate in the region and Catholicism is the major religion.
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Culture of the Caribbean
• Residents of the islands are of Native American, European, African and mixed ancestry.
• Africans brought to work on the sugar plantations left a lasting mark on all aspects of culture in the islands.
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Cultural Hearth
• Central America is a cultural hearth. A cultural hearth is the heartland or place of origin of a major culture. The Mayan people built a great civilization in the region.
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Caribbean
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Caribbean Influences
• Africans were brought by slave traders to replace Taino natives working on plantations.
• By the 19th century, the Spanish, French, British, Dutch, and Danish all claimed islands in the Caribbean. Most Europeans were there to profit from sugar trade.
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Farming
• Sugar cane plantations in the Caribbean provide the largest export crop.
• Many people work on the plantations but pay is poor, and as a result, average per-capita income in the Caribbean is very low.
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Terrace Farming
• Terrace farming is a type of farming that was developed first by the Inca people. This method of farming uses "steps that are built into the side of a mountain or hill.
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South America
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Education
• Literacy rates in South America are higher than in other parts of Latin America.
• A higher literacy rate means more people are educated and can get a better job.
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Brazil Industrial Power
• Natural resources (Iron, gold, silver, titanium) make Brazil an industrial power.
• More than a 1,000 rivers including the Amazon flow through Brazil, meaning Power Plants are located along these rivers producing electricity.
• Also large reserves of Oil and Natural gas contribute to its industrial might.
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Chile• Chile is South America’s greatest success
story, due to participation in the global economy by trading the products in its mines and fields as far as Japan
• Chile is an associate member of Mercosur• Mercosur is an economic common
market that began operating in the southern cone of South America in 1995.
• ** Goals of a free-trade zone among member nations:
• 1. to make member economies more stable;
• 2. to increase trade within region and thereby
• decrease dependency on unstable global markets;
• 3. to channel some of the profits of improving
• economies to those people and groups that most
• need help.
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Doldrums• Sailors noticed the stillness of the rising (and not blowing) air near the equator
and gave the region the depressing name "doldrums.
• “ The doldrums, usually located between 5° north and 5° south of the equator, are also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone or ITCZ for short.
• The trade winds converge in the region of the ITCZ, producing convectional storms that produce some of the world's heaviest precipitation regions.
• The ITCZ moves north and south of the equator depending on the season and solar energy received. The location of the ITCZ can vary as much as 40° to 45° of latitude north or south of the equator based on the pattern of land and ocean. The Intertropical Convergence Zone is also known as the Equatorial Convergence Zone or Intertropical Front.
• http://daphne.palomar.edu/pdeen/Animations/23_WeatherPat.swf
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Columbian Exchange• The Columbian Exchange was a dramatically widespread exchange of
animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World and New World).
• The Columbian Exchange greatly affected almost every society on Earth. New diseases introduced by Europeans, to which the indigenous peoples of the Americas had no immunity, depopulated many cultures.
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Cordillera • A cordillera is an
extensive chain of mountains or mountain ranges, that runs along a coastline (e.g. the Andes).
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Isthmus of Panama
• The Isthmus of Panama, is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America.
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Altiplano
• in west-central South America, where the Andes are at their widest, is the most extensive area of high plateau on Earth outside of Tibet.
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Mesoamerica• is a region and culture area in the Americas, extending
approximately from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica,
• This region shares cultural factors identifying it as a cultural region such as language, remnants of Spanish colonization, flourishing societies.
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2010 Haiti Earthquake• United States Geological Survey (USGS) called it the strongest earthquake
since 1770 in what is now Haiti• The quake struck on January 12, 2010 at 4:53 p.m.• The 7.0 magnitude quake's epicenter hit just 10 miles west of Porte-au-
Prince and its 2 million inhabitants• 3 million people in need of emergency aid after major earthquake• The major quake sent 33 aftershocks ranging in magnitude from 4.2 to 5.9
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South America’s Size ▄4th largest continent
▄ 6,879,000 sq miles ▄ 12% of the earth’s land
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Latin
America’s
Population
Distribution
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Deforestation in the Amazon
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Original Forest CoverOriginal Forest Cover
Future Forest CoverFuture Forest Cover
Current Forest CoverCurrent Forest Cover
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Amazon River
▄ 4,300 miles long▄ Flows through 6 countries▄ No bridges cross it
▄ 2nd Longest River in the world▄ Satellite View
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Deserts▄ Atacama Desert is the worlds’ driest ◄
▄ Patagonian Desert► Largest in Americas/5th in the world
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Rainforest
Half of the rainforestin the world is in theAmazon region
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Andes Mountains
.
Andes stretch 4,000 milesfrom the north to the south, thus making it the longest mountain range in the world. In Chile, it rises to over 20,000 feet.
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Desertification
•Conversion of marginal rangeland or cropland to a more desert like land type. Desertification can be caused by overgrazing, soil erosion, prolonged drought, or climate change
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Panama Canal• Panama Canal is a shipping canal that cuts across Central
America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.• The canal made possible the exchange of both goods and
ideas.