terra preta sanitation blue innovations for future cities

Dr. Haiko PieplowBMU

May 13th, 2011, Berlin Video Conference Berlin/St. Petersburg

Case Study: „NEGA – Resources-Approach“Minimum of Resources for Maximum of Utility

Kick-Off-Meeting

Terra Preta Sanitation

Blue Innovations

for future cities



Blue Economy:

Imagination,

Vision,

Reality

sustainability:new business model



Blue Economy



Vision



zero emissions cities

blue economy



Reality

Challenge 1:

economic efficiency of waste water system of St. Petersburg



€

waste of resources, power and money

€



Vo

lum

el/(

P*y

ea

r)

Urine ~ 500

Feaces~ 50

(option: add biowaste)

Greywater 25.000 -100.000

N ~ 4-5 ~ 3 % ~ 87 % ~ 10 %

~ 34 %K ~ 1,8 ~ 54 % ~ 12 %

P ~ 0,75 ~50 % ~ 40 %~ 10 %

COD ~ 30 ~ 41 % ~ 12 % ~ 47 %

Reuse / Water Cycle

Treatment

Fertiliser

Terra PretaComposting

Treatment

Yearly Loadskg/(P*year)

fertile Soils

Flushwatercan be saved6.000 - 25.000

€ € €



If there is one problem, look for other problems and solve them together:

Problem:Lack of efficient low cost sanitation

Other Problems:

Water scarcityWeak soils, erosion, Missing food securityLack of incomeToo few jobs

Waterless Soil production

(Urban) gardening

Jobs with the systems, greywater in gardening, black soil makes water, food, happiness and health



10



Ferralsol Terra Preta de Indio

Anthropogenic dark earth

Terra Preta: result of an 2000 years old successful sustainable soil and waste management



Secret of Terra Preta de Indio:

- 2000 – 500 years old

- 16. century millions of people, today 350.000

- layers up to 2 meters

- fertile without adding artificial fertiliser

- multiple high yields

Composition: - around 10 % charcoal (biochar), - kitchen-, biowaste and excrements, - bones and - broken earthware, (lactofermentation and vermicomposting)



groundwater (natural or artifical)

Evapo-ration losses,

cooling by

plants

Greywater

Tap water processing

Tap water Irrigation

Freshwater demand:10 to 20

litres /person/d

Separator,Treatment

plant

Flushing water

Pumping station

Toilets, kitchen waste

Blackwater

BlueLoop plant

Terra Preta,

fertilizer

food, energy

Infiltration, irrigation Extraction

Soil

Bath, kitchen,

washing,

INTAQUATMAG

Challenge 2:

development of profitablebusiness models



Toilets and resulting Dilution

Type of Toilet Daily Flow per P. Pro and Con'sFlushingtoilet

+ widely accepted- waste of water- high dilution

Vacuum-toilet

+ low water demand+ well developed (ships)- high-tec / expensive

Separatingtoilet

+ little water / little dilution+ simple fertiliser reuse- little experience

WaterlessUrinal

+ no water / no dilution- maintenance required

Composting-toilet

+ no water needed- high space demand- maintenance neededDesiccation toilet++ Desiccation for hot climates



Sorting-Toilet(Gustavsberg, Sweden)

Waterless Urinal(Keramag)



waterless toilets



Hamburg Central Station Terra Preta Sanitation

V & B GreenGrainChallenge 3:

Design of a black water separator



Challenge 3: Design of a innovative black water separator

system: hotel 400 p/dreality: 200 – 400 l/p/d drinking wateroutput: waste water

vision: 20 l/p/d

reducing, reuse, recycling:carbon, nutrients (N,P, K),water

production of power (heating, electricity, mobility)



Terra Preta Sanitation

black water separator:technical design?

Greenhouseblack soils,profitable plants

food

power

Biochar

faeces: 300 g/purine: 200 ml/p

paper

3,5 l (gravity, storm/greywater)

liquid 3 l solid matter 1 l

subsurfaceirrigation

50 % charshit, 50 % kitchen waste terra preta substrate

€lactic acid

profitablebusiness models?



Thank you

terra preta sanitation blue innovations for future cities

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