Terrain and Traffic Collision Avoidance System T2CAS - The second generation TAWS

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2005 Sales: €10.3bn - Order book: €20.2bn

Land & JointSystems

Air Systems

Aerospace Naval

60,000 employees in 50 countries

Security Services

Thales group : A worldwide leader

A worldwide leader in both civil and defence marketsA worldwide leader in both civil and defence markets

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THALES MARS SIMULATION

Avionics functionFM, Taxi, TAWS, TCAS..

Aircraft Model

EnvironmentdB server

Traffic gene.Atmo. Gene.

Ground

ATC p

ositio

nAirp

ort o

pera

tion

AOC* p

ositio

n

ATC position consists of an

EUROCAT station

Unique Market Position to integrate Air and Ground solutionsUnique Market Position to integrate Air and Ground solutions

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THALES Aerospace: brief history

JAEGER

BADINCROUZET

SFENAEAS THOMSON-CSF/AVG

SEXTANT AVIONIQUE 1989

THOMSON-CSF SEXTANT 1999

L-3 Communications (JV) ACSS

VDO+BGT (JV) Diehl Avionik Systeme GmbH

Racal Thales Avionics Ltd

Thales Avionics- Inflight Systems

Auxilec Thales Avionics Electrical Systems

2000

2001

1999

2000

MORS

Thales Aerospace Division2004 THALES Airborne Systems

B/E Aerospace

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What is T²CAS?

TCAS 2000 = Proven Second Generation TCAS system with TCAS 2000 = Proven Second Generation TCAS system with over 9000 units flyingover 9000 units flying

Certified Certified TAWS: GCAM = second generation TAWSTAWS: GCAM = second generation TAWS

Enhanced TAWS and Proven TCAS combinedEnhanced TAWS and Proven TCAS combined

Reduced LRU count

Second generation TAWS :

Performance based Sensors

Enhanced Landing Protection

Lower cost of ownership

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Performance Based Clearance Sensors

Digital Terrain DatabaseDigital Terrain Database

WARNIN

G

WARNIN

G

8 Sec.

112 s

GPS

CAUTION

CAUTION

20 Sec.

Respond

Climb CapabilityReact

112 s

At all time …

The short-term segment of the clearance sensor models what the aircraft is currently doing: True current flight path angle

The long-term segment of the clearance sensor models what the aircraft could do if an alert were to occur: Actual climb performance

As compared to conventional clearance sensors, this allows a longer clearance sensor to be built without generating nuisance alerts.

Performance Based Alerts , enhancing safetyPerformance Based Alerts , enhancing safety

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T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview

Figure 1 TAWS Convergence Envelope: Inhibition When Landing Normally, Alerting Enabled When Outside of Normal Landing Area

Runway

2.64º

0.3 Nm

8º

Inhibition Region

Non - Inhibition

Non - InhibitionCross-section:

The T2CAS provides CFIT (Controlled Flight Into Terrain) protection for all phases of flight, including the approach and landing phase. The Convergence Envelope (or “Landing Tunnel”) logic is designed to predict whether the aircraft is properly converging on the runway for a safe landing. If proper convergence is predicted, the forward-looking Collision Predicting and Alerting (CPA) function is inhibited (the reactive GPWS modes remain active throughout the landing procedure).

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T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview

The Convergence Envelope is NOT simply a volume of space within which CPA alerting is inhibited. The previous figure above (reproduced from the ACSS T2CAS Pilot’s Guide, Doc 8000264-001 Rev 1) loosely illustrates the physical geometry of the Convergence Envelope in terms of:

Distance from Runway

Vertical Position

Horizontal Position

However, landing tunnel does also include these additional conditions:

Track Angle

Vertical Speed

Flap and Gear Setting – one of the two must be down to inhibit

Runway position accuracy is essentialRunway position accuracy is essential

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T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview

In summary, the T2CAS TAWS function inhibits CPA alerting during runway approaches as long as the following conditions are met:

Aircraft is in Approach Phase Aircraft is in proper Landing Configuration Runway Convergence is predicted The CPA function can be re-enabled at any time if these

conditions fail to remain satisfied. At this point the system will generate the appropriate alerts, should a CFIT potential exist.

Runway

2.64º

0.3 Nm

Inhibition Region

Non - Inhibition

Alert Possible!

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T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview

If Runway Source Data is in error, nuisance alerts can result.

Example of Runway Threshold Location Problem at ONE AIRPORT Which Causes a Misaligned Tunnel and Nuisance Alert

Initial source data shows westward

lateral shift of 0.5

Nm

Initial source data shows westward

lateral shift of 0.5

Nm

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T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview

DB 20 Misaligned Tunnel Causes a Nuisance Alert to be Indicated

Inhibition on Horizontal Position

28.79

28.81

28.83

28.85

28.87

28.89

28.91

115.79 115.84 115.89 115.94 115.99

Longitude

Latit

ude

Horizontal Landing Tunnel

Runway

Flightpath

DB20 Runway Threshold is defined to the left of the actual runway. The Aircraft Exits the Horizontal Landing Tunnel and an alert is indicated via CPA sensor contacting the “terrain” of the runway.

XX.91

XX.89

XX.87

XX.85

XX.83

XX.81

XX.79

XX5.79 XX5.84 XX5.89 XX5.94 XX5.99

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T2CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview

DB 21 Corrects the Runway Location which Aligns the Tunnel. No Nuisance Alert Is Indicated.

Inhibition on Horizontal Position

28.79

28.81

28.83

28.85

28.87

28.89

28.91

115.80 115.85 115.90 115.95 116.00

Longitude

Latit

ude

Horizontal Landing Tunnel

Runway

Flightpath

DB21 Corrects the runway Threshold location. The Aircraft does not Exit the Horizontal Landing Tunnel and an alert is NOT indicated.

XX.91

XX.89

XX.87

XX.85

XX.83

XX.81

XX.79

XX5.79 XX5.84 XX5.89 XX5.94 XX5.99

Runway position accuracy is essentialRunway position accuracy is essential

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GPSGPS

CautionCaution - Aural Alert- Aural Alert Pull-UpPull-Up - Aural Warning- Aural Warning

WARNIN

G

WARNIN

G

CAUTION

CAUTION

112 112 SecondsSeconds

112 112 SecondsSeconds

CCurrent Climb Capability of Aircrafturrent Climb Capability of AircraftCCurrent Climb Capability of Aircrafturrent Climb Capability of Aircraft

Full Descent / Climb Path ProtectionFull Descent / Climb Path ProtectionFull Descent / Climb Path ProtectionFull Descent / Climb Path Protection

Terrain Adv. Line Advisory added to DisplayTerrain Adv. Line Advisory added to DisplayTerrain Adv. Line Advisory added to DisplayTerrain Adv. Line Advisory added to Display

Terrain Advisory LineTerrain Advisory Line –– Advisory Advisory

NewNew

‘‘AVOID’ when PULL-UP is NOT EnoughAVOID’ when PULL-UP is NOT Enough ‘‘AVOID’ when PULL-UP is NOT EnoughAVOID’ when PULL-UP is NOT Enough

AvoidAvoid - Aural Warning- Aural Warning

NewNew

Expanded Look when Entering TurnsExpanded Look when Entering Turns Expanded Look when Entering TurnsExpanded Look when Entering Turns

4-D Approach Projection for Landin4-D Approach Projection for Landingg 4-D Approach Projection for Landin4-D Approach Projection for Landingg

A broader Alert sequence to avoid accidents

T2CAS Airport and Terrain Database

Database Development Process

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Database Development Process

AIS

EAG

THAV ACSS End-user

CivilAviation

Authorities

Terrain DataProviders

Terrain Data

Nav Data

Combined Data

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Terrain Data

•Source data comes from Official Terrain Data Providers US Geological Survey National Imaging and Mapping Agency Shuttle Radar Topographical Mission

(SRTM) Data Etc.

•Advanced InfoData Systems, GmbH (AIS) compiles the data Per DO-200a process

AIS

Terrain DataProviders

Terrain Data

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Airport and Runway Data

•Source data comes from Official State Agencies FAA/NACO JAA Etc.

•European Aeronautical Group (EAG) Generates an ARINC 424 database Per DO-200a process

EAG

CivilAviation

Authorities

Nav Data

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Combined Data

•Thales Avionics performs verification and validation of the data, filters the airport data, and merges Terrain and Airport Data into a single file Per DO-200a process Calculates 32bit CRC for integrity

checking

•ACSS attaches a file header and distributes the data to customers

THAV End-user

Combined Data

ACSS