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GBC Map 2013-10-6Bugle Lake

093J/06

GBC Map 2013-10-5Great Beaver Lake

093J/05

GBC Map 2013-10-3Weedon Lake

093J/11GBC Map 2013-10-4

Carrier Lake093J/12

GBC Map 2013-10-2Carp Lake

093J/14

GBC Map 2013-10-1Salmon Lake

093J/13

!

\

!

Pacific Ocean

YUKON TERRITORY

ALBERTA

U. S. A.

U.S.A.

Prince George

VancouverVICTORIA

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Location Map Index Map

More inform ation on the British Colum bia T errain Classification S ystem isgiven in:Howes, D. E. and Kenk , E. (1997): T errain classification system for BritishColum bia. Version 2.0, 1997. MOE Manual 10. British Colum bia Ministryof Environm ent, Lands and Park s, Victoria, B.C.Resources Inventory Com m ittee. (1996): Guidelines and standards forterrain m apping in British Colum bia. Earth S cience T ask Force, S urficialGeology T ask Group, Governm ent of British Colum bia, Victoria, B.C.

Map 2013-10-5Maynard, D. E., W ard, B. C., S acco, D. A., Geertsem a, M.

Terrain MapGreat Beaver Lake (093J/05)

S cale 1 : 50,000

Universal T ransverse Mercator Z one 10North Am erican Datum 1983

0 2 41k m

www.geosciencebc.com

HOLOCENESURFICIAL GEOLOGY

O - ORGANIC DEPOSITS: S edim ents com posed largely of saturated organic m aterials, consisting m ainly of the accum ulated rem ains of m osses,sedges, or other hydrophytic vegetation. Polygon m ay include m inor lacustrine sedim ents. Deposits are assum ed to overlie till unless otherwiseindicated.

Many polygon labels contain m ore inform ation than indicated by the surficial geology unit. T his extrainform ation listed in the polygon label is based on the British Colum bia T errain Classification S ystem(Howes and Kenk , 1997). T hese terrain unit labels have been sim plified for cartographic display but eachpolygon is link ed to a database that, where applicable, provides m ore detail of the terrain attributes,including texture, m ore com plex surface expression and m ore com plex com posite units.Simplified Terrain Unit Label

TERRAIN UNIT SYMBOL

Explanatory note:T he terrain sym bol above indicates a veneer of gravelly glaciofluvial m aterial overlying a till blank et withthe polygon being actively gullied. T exture is not shown on the accom panying m aps but is shown in thedigital database w here applicable. S urficial m aterials that constitute less than approxim ately 10% of thepolygon are not included in the terrain sym bol. S tratigraphic sym bols are used w hen the nature of thesubsurface m aterial is im portant and not obvious from the context of the units. Letters m ay be om itted ifinform ation is lack ing.

g FG v - VM b

Texture

SurficialMaterial

SurfaceExpression

GeomorphologicalProcesses

SurficialMaterial

SurfaceExpression

T wo groups of letters m ay be used to indicate that two types of terrain are present within a m ap unit.com ponents on either side of the sym bol are of approxim ately equal proportione.g. Cv.Rs indicates colluvial veneer and steep rock are of roughly equal extentthe com ponent in front of the sym bol is m ore extensive that the one that followse.g. Cv/Rs indicates that colluvial veneer is m ore extensive than steep rockthe com ponent in front of the sym bol is considerably m ore extensive than the com ponent thatfollowse.g. Cv//Rs indicates that colluvial veneer is m uch m ore extensive than steep rockindicates the stratigraphic relationship of two or m ore surface m aterial typese.g. S ee exam ple above

is used in front of one m aterial to indicate a discontinuous cover on the previous m aterial.e.g. FGp\Ev indicates that an aeolian veneer partially covers a glaciofluvial plain. T his sym bolwas defined for this project to sim plify the m ap labels and is not in the Howes and Kenk (1997)guidelines.

\

///

COMPOSITE UNITS

54°30'N 54°30'N123°30'W

54°15'N 54°15'N123°30'W

Citation:Maynard, D. E., W ard, B. C., S acco, D. A., Geertsem a, M. (2013): T errain Map Great Beaver Lak e (093J /05); Geoscience BC Map 2013-10-5,1:50,000 scale.

124°W

124°W

This is a standardized legend for Geoscience BC Map 2013-10 series. Not all surficial geology units or terrain symbols appear on each map. For anexplanation of the terrain unit labels, please refer to the Terrain Unit Symbol section below the map.

435000

440000

440000

445000

445000

450000

450000

455000

455000

460000

460000

465000

465000

6015

000 6015

000

6020

000 6020

000

6025

000 6025

000

6030

000 6030

000

6035

000 6035

000

F and FA - FLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Gravel and/or sand with m inor silt transported and deposited by m odern stream s or rivers; typically stratified,m oderately to well sorted, with rounded to well-rounded clasts. Deposits are assum ed to overlie till unless otherwise indicated.

C - COLLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Materials deposited by direct, gravity-induced m ovem ent, ranging from slow (creep) to rapid (landslides); usuallyunsorted to poorly sorted, m assive to crudely stratified, and clast-supported, but the com position depends on the type of source m aterial and thedepositional process.

L - LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS: S edim ents deposited by suspension settling, underflow currents or littoral action in Holocene lak es; suspensionsettled deposits are typically rhythm ites of fine sand, silt, and clay; lak e m argin deposits m ay be slightly coarser due to wave action. Polygon m ayinclude m inor organics. Deposits are assum ed to overlie till unless otherwise indicated.

E - AEOLIAN DEPOSITS: W ell-sorted, silt to fine sand that is transported and deposited by wind; generally occurs as dunes or a thin m antle; activeduring the post-glacial period. Deposits are assum ed to overlie glaciofluvial m aterial unless otherwise indicated.

LG - GLACIOLACUSTRINE DEPOSITS: W ell sorted, stratified sand, silt and clay deposited dom inantly by suspension settling, underflow currents orreleased from floating ice in glacial lak es; ice proxim al deposits m ay be coarser and m ay include lenses of diam ict or gravel; distal deposits containdrop stones; lak e m argin deposits are slightly coarser due to wave action. Polygons m ay include organics or glaciofluvial deposits. Deposits areassum ed to overlie till unless otherwise indicated.

PLEISTOCENEFRASER GLACIATION (LATE WISCONSINAN)

FG - GLACIOFLUVIAL DEPOSITS: W ell to poorly sorted gravel and sand transported and deposited directly by glacial m eltwater; sedim ent siz e andsorting vary depending on depositional process and environm ent. Differentiated from fluvial deposits by the surface expression, elevation and fit topresent day drainage system s. Deposits are assum ed to overlie till unless otherwise indicated.

M - MORAINAL DEPOSITS: Diam ict deposited in the proxim al glacial environm ent (e.g. lodgem ent, deform ation, m elt-out or flow), thusencom passing all types of till; com position and texture is dependent on its genesis. Basal till is the m ost com m on, occurring as a dense, clayey siltm atrix supported diam ict; ablation till occurs as less dense discontinuous veneers with a higher sand fraction in the m atrix. Deposits are assum ed tooverlie bedrock unless otherwise indicated.

R - BEDROCK: Lithology varies greatly across the m ap area; sedim entary, m etam orphic, volcanic and intrusive rock s of Precam brian to Cenoz oicage; little outcrop is observed except in the higher relief areas.

PRE-PLEISTOCENE

Fluvial floodplain (FA): gravel, overlain in som e places by sand and silt deposited during overbank flows; occurs nearpresent day stream level and prone to flooding; m ay include m inor areas of organic deposits, sm all tributary fans, andnarrow terraces. S urface expression used is p.

Fluvial fan (FA): stratified sand and gravel that m ay contain diam ict beds and have form ed at the outlets of confineddrainage system s; assum ed to be active, with surfaces prone to flooding and avulsion, but m ay contain som e raised inactiveareas. S urface expression used is f.

Thick till: occurs with a variety of surface expressions; som e surface expressions, such as hum m ock s terraces and scarps,are the result of post depositional erosion; hum m ock y or undulating till also occurs in association with ice stagnation; theseunits m ay contain m inor glaciofluvial deposits. T ill depressions m ay contain m inor glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, lacustrineand organic deposits. S urface expressions used are p, j, a, k, s, t, h, u, d.

Streamlined till: represents flutings, drum lins and the sedim ent portion of crag and tails; hollows com m only contain m inoram ounts of glaciofluvial or fluvial m aterial and organics. S urface expressions used are r, m.

Till mantle: occurs dom inantly in upland regions with isolated bedrock exposures where deposits are thinner. S urfaceexpressions used are b, v, w.

Mr, m

Mp, j, a, k , s, t, h, u, d

Bedrock: high angle slopes occur in upland areas or as a result of deep m eltwater incision and m ay be susceptible to rockfall; hum m ock y or undulating expressions are the result of glacial erosion, m eltwater or preferential erosion due to structure;stream lind bedrock is the result of glacial erosion or preferential erosion due to structure. Polygons m ay include m inorcolluvial or till veneers and organics in hollows. S urface expressions used are k, s, h, u, m, r.

Mb, v, w

Rk , s, h, u, m , r

Organic mantle: deposits of variable thick ness that com m only occur in shallow till depressions as w ell as at the edges ofm ost waterways and within glaciolacustrine and bedrock hollows. S urface expressions used are v, w.

Landslide deposits: thick deposits of debris originating from larger-m agnitude landslide events that result in a chaotic, toe-slope topography. T he debris is considered inactive and m ay consist of transported bedrock fragm ents, unconsolidatedsedim ent, or a com bination of both. S urface expressions used are h, u.

Aeolian mantle: occurs as a discontinuous, variable thick ness m antle of well-sorted, sand and silt com m only overlyingglaciofluvial or glaciolacustrine m aterial; in places these thinner deposits m ay appear to be sand dunes where they areunderlain by ice contact or channelled glaciofluvial landform s. S urface expressions used are b, v, w.

Thick glaciolacustrine: flat to gently undulating or sloping fine-textured sedim ent deposited in relatively long-livedproglacial lak es; m ay be affected by post depositional channeling or k ettling; locally incised areas m ay be susceptible tom ass wasting or erosion. S urface expressions used are p, u.

Glaciolacustrine scarp: erosive scarps occur where thick deposits are incised by m eltwater or Holocene stream s;susceptible to gullying and m ass wasting. S urface expressions used are s, k, a.

Glaciolacustrine mantle: variable thick ness m antle of fine-textured m aterial deposited in short-lived lak es and at them argins of large glacial lak es; surface expression is controlled by the underlying topography. S urface expressions used arew, v, b .

Outwash: plains and terraces deposited in front of or adjacent to the glacier and are typically com posed of fining upwardgravel; fans consist of stratified gravel, sand and m inor diam ict beds and occur at the m outh of confined drainage system s;m ay be affected by post depositional channelling or k ettling. Polygon m ay include m inor am ounts of organic and aeolianm aterial. S urface expressions used are p, t, u, f, s, k.

Glaciofluvial mantle: stratified m aterial deposited during short-lived events on upper surfaces around m eltwater channels.S urface expressions used are b, v, w.

Sand dunes: parabolic or poorly form ed dune structures; inactive unless recently disturbed by logging or fire. S urfaceexpressions used are m, u, r.

Ice contact: dom inantly stratified gravel and sand with m inor diam icton deposited supra-, en-, or subglacially as esk ersystem s, ice stagnation topography and k am es; com m only associated with k ettle holes and m ay display brittle or ductiledeform ation, from the m elting of buried ice block s. Ice stagnation topography deposits are generally poorly sorted. S urfaceexpressions used are r, m, h, u.

Colluvial mantle: variable thick ness of m aterial that conform s to the underlying topography; occurs com m only ontopographic highs and steeper slopes. Monolithic, angular clasts dom inate where derived from bedrock , whereas adiam icton derived from unconsolidated sedim ent reflects the com position of the source m aterial(s). S urface expressionsused are b, v, w.

Inactive fluvial deposits (F): stratified gravel, sand, and m inor silt deposited during the Holocene occurring above present-day stream s; m ostly com prise thick fluvial sedim ent; post-depositional channeling m ay have m odified som e surfaces.S urface expressions used are p, t, u, w.

Thick lacustrine: flat to gently undulating or sloping fine-textured sedim ent deposited in shallow Holocene or pluvial lak esthat have either drained or infilled; thick enough to m ask the underlying topography. S urface expressions used are p, u, j.

Lacustrine mantle: variable thick ness m antle of fine-textured sedim ent where the underlying topography influences surfaceexpression; m aterial m ay be thick er in the hollows and thinner to non-existent on the raised surfaces; deposited in veryshort-lived and shallow Holocene or pluvial lak es. S urface expressions used are v, b, w.

Thick organics: deposits in bogs, fens, and swam ps that usually occur where shallow lak es have been infilled and indepressions along floodplains and abandoned m eltwater channels. S urface expressions used are p, b.

FG

p, t, u, f, s, k

FG

r, m , h, u

FG

b, v, w

LG

p, u

LG

s, k , a

LG

w, v, b

Lv, b, w

Em , u, r

Eb, v, w

Lp, u, j

FA

p

FA

f

Fp, t, u, w

Cb, v, w

Ch, u

Op, b

Ov, w

T errain m odified by snow avalanchesAGEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Channel form ation by glacial m eltwaterES low m ass m ovem ent (undifferentiated)FS low m ass m ovem ent initiation z oneF"S oil creepFcKettledHIrregularly sinuous channelIMeanderingMRapid m ass-m ovem ent (undifferentiated)RRapid m ass-m ovem ent initiation z oneR"Debris FallRfRock S lideRrDebris S lideRsGully erosionV

ColluviumCSURFICIAL MATERIALS

W eathered BedrockDFluvialFActive FluvialFA

GlaciofluvialFG

GlaciolacustrineLG

Morainal (till)MOrganicOBedrockR

plain, 0 – 3°p

SURFACE EXPRESSION

gentle slope(s), 4 – 15°j

S im ple (unidirectional) slopes

m oderate slope(s), 16 – 26°am oderately steep slope(s), 27 – 35°ksteep slope(s), >35°s

undulating, gentle irregular rises and hollows, slopes predom inantly <15°urolling, gentle linear rises and hollows, slopes predom inantly <15°m

Com plex slopes

hum m ock y, steeper irregular rises and hollows, m any slopes >15°hridged, steeper linear rises and hollows, m any slopes >15°r

blank et, greater than 1-2 m etresbveneer, less than 1-2 m etresv

Material thick ness

m antle of variable thick nessw

cone, slope >15°cfan, slope <15°f

Discrete landform s

terrace, step-lik e topographytdepressionsd

(K

!(S

é˅ ˅ ˅ ˅

˄ ˄ ˄ ˄

!.

D

Field observation ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Bedrock outcrop ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Landslide headwall ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Landslide deposit! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Drum lin, crag and tail, fluting ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

S triation (direction k nown): m axim um phase - interm ediate, retreat phase - youngest! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

S triation (direction unk nown): advance phase - oldest, m axim um phase - interm ediate, retreat phase - youngest! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Moraine ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Escarpm ent! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Esk er: direction k nown, unk nown! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Meltw ater channel, sm all: direction k nown, unk nown ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Meltw ater channel, large (arrow if direction k nown)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

T errain unit boundary: definite, approxim ate, assum ed ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Road ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Elevation contours (20 m intervals): m ajor, m inor! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Kettle hole ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !