territoriaal cohesiebeleid 2014 2020
DESCRIPTION
Lewis Dijkstra (EU, DG Regional Policy) over het Europees territoriaal cohesiebeleid.TRANSCRIPT
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
Territoriaal Cohesiebeleid in
2014-2020
Door Lewis Dijkstra, PhDDeputy Head of UnitAnalysis Unit, DG Regional Policy
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
Main changes in Cohesion Policy
• Integrated, place-based policy• Functional geography• Soft and hard policies combined
• Linked to Europe 2020• Smart Growth• Sustainable Growth• Inclusive growth
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
EU-OECD definition of a city in four steps
1. Select cells with 1 500 inhabitants per sq km2. Cluster cells, fill gaps and select those with more
than 50 000 inhabitants (urban centre)3. Select all LAU2s with at least 50% of their
inhabitants in the urban centre. 4. Adjust for political level if neededIMPORTANT! Cities are selected on the population
of their centre, not total population
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Creating a Greater City
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Commuting zone
• Check if cities/kernels are ‘connected’ i.e. have at least a one-way commuting intensity of 15%. If so combine cities into a single destination
• Identify all LAU2s that send 15% of their employed population to a city
• Drop exclaves and add enclaves• If needed approximate with area for which data is
available (LAU1, labour market area, NUTS3)
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Air quality
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Integrated policy
• Combination of hard and soft measures• Water infrastructure and water pricing• Transport infrastructure and transport pricing?
• But in more developed regions ERDF shall NOT support investments in infrastructure providing basic services to citizens in the areas of environment, transport and ICT
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Europe 2020
How is it linked to Cohesion Policy?
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SMART GROWTH
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National rates and 2020 targetsTertiary educational attainment age group 30-34 in 2010 and
Europe 2020 targets
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
EU
-27
Italy
Rom
ania
Hun
gary
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Gre
ece
Mal
ta
Latv
ia
Bul
garia
Aus
tria
Den
mar
k
Est
onia
Lith
uani
a
Luxe
mbo
urg
Por
tuga
l
Slo
veni
a
Slo
vaki
a
Ger
man
y
Fin
land
Net
herla
nds
Sw
eden
Spa
in
Pol
and
Cyp
rus
Bel
gium
Fra
nce
Irel
and
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
shar
e o
f th
e p
op
ula
tio
n a
ged
30-
34 y
ears
Tertiary educational attainment 2010 2020 Target ----- Distance to target
Source: EUROSTAT
No national target
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
Tertiary education
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National rates and 2020 targetsEarly leavers from education and training in 2010 and Europe 2020
targets
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
EU
-27
Pol
and
Slo
ven
ia
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Slo
vaki
a
Irel
and
Ne
ther
land
s
Fin
land
Lith
uan
ia
Bel
gium
Est
onia
Fra
nce
Aus
tria
Gre
ece
De
nma
rk
Ger
ma
ny
Cyp
rus
Luxe
mbo
urg
Hu
nga
ry
Por
tug
al
Sw
ede
n
Bul
gari
a
Ro
man
ia
Latv
ia
Spa
in
Italy
Mal
ta
Un
ited
Kin
gdom
Per
cen
tag
e o
f th
e p
op
ula
tio
n a
ge
d 1
8-2
4
Early school leavers 2010 2020 Target ----- Distance to target
Source: EUROSTAT
No national target
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Early school leavers
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
National rates and targets 2020Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) in 2010 and Europe
2020 targets
0
1
2
3
4
5
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
Slo
vaki
a
Bul
gari
a
Latv
ia
Italy
Pol
and
Hu
nga
ry
Lith
uani
a
Irel
and
Ro
ma
nia
Luxe
mbo
urg
Ne
the
rland
s
EU
-27
Bel
giu
m
De
nmar
k
Ger
ma
ny
Est
onia
Spa
in
Fra
nce
Por
tug
al
Slo
ven
ia
Aus
tria
Fin
lan
d
Sw
ede
n
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Un
ited
Kin
gdom
% o
f G
DP
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) 2020 Target ----- Distance to target
Source: EUROSTAT
No national target
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R&D
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Digital society
• Use of public e-Services by residents and firms• People ordering products and services online• High growth of online turnover• High speed internet access: Available
everywhere?• Next Generation Access likely to start in cities
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
Urban productivityLabour productivity in Metro regions and their MS, 2008
FI
SEAT
NL FR
BE
ITUK
DEES
DK
EL
EE
HU
CZPT
SK
SI
PL
LT
LV
RO
BG
IE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
La
bo
ur
pro
du
ctiv
iti in
PP
S 2
00
8,
EU
-27
ind
ex=
10
0
Capital metro region
Second tier metro region
Smaller metro region
Non-metro regions combined
national
209221
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Cities and tertiary educated
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SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
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Effort sharing decisionChange in greenhouse gas emissions outside the Emmissions Trading
Scheme, 2005-2009 and Europe 2020 targets
-20
-16
5
1
-10
-16
-20 -20
-17-16 -16
-15-14
11
1314
1719
20
15
10
-14-13
-5
4
-4
-10
9
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
DK IE LU SE
AT FI
NL
UK
BE
DE
FR IT ES
CY
EL
PT SI
MT
CZ
HU
EE
SK PL
LT LV RO
BG
EU
-27
Ch
ang
es w
ith
res
pec
t to
200
5 le
vels
, %
% change 2005-2009 2020 Target ----- Distance to target
Target = Reduction in emissions Target = Limit increase in emissions
Source: EEA, provisional calculation method
Target already reached
Reduced the distance but not yet reached their target
Target not reached
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Renewable Energy
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Urban eco-efficiency
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Urban eco-efficiency
• In cities residents and workers tend to • travel shorter distances• use the car less• live in houses/flats which are smaller• Work in buildings that share walls with other
buildings
• District heating is more efficient• However policies to make cities even more
efficient should not push jobs and residents to the outskirts of a city
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Proximity to public transport
• How many people live at walking distance of public transport access points?Railway stations: 15 minutes walking timeMetro and suburban rail: 10 minutes walking timeTram stops: 5 minutes walking timeBus stops: no complete or reliable information
available = not taken into account
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INCLUSIVE GROWTH
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National rates and 2020 targetsEmployment rate in 2010 and Europe 2020 targets
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
EU
-27
Mal
ta
Italy
Irel
and
Gre
ece
Rom
ania
Pol
and
Slo
vaki
a
Lith
uani
a
Latv
ia
Luxe
mbo
urg
Bel
gium
Spa
in
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fra
nce
Hun
gary
Por
tuga
l
Slo
veni
a
Bul
garia
Est
onia
Cyp
rus
Ger
man
y
Aus
tria
Fin
land
Den
mar
k
Net
herla
nds
Sw
eden
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
% o
f to
tal p
op
ula
tio
n -
ag
e g
rou
p 2
0-64
Employment rate 2010 2020 Target ----- Distance to target
Source: EUROSTAT
No national target
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
Employment: Northwest
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
National targets and 2020 ratesPeople at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion in 2010 and Europe
2020 targets
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Aus
tria
Fin
land
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Net
herla
nds
Slo
veni
a
Fra
nce
Est
onia
Bel
gium
Slo
vaki
a
Den
mar
k
Ger
man
y
Mal
ta
EU
27
Italy
Spa
in
Por
tuga
l
Gre
ece
Pol
and
Hun
gary
Lith
uani
a
Latv
ia
Bul
garia
Rom
ania
Sw
eden
Luxe
mbo
urg
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Cyp
rus
Irel
andsh
are
of
the
po
pu
lati
on
at-
risk
-of-
po
vert
y o
r so
cial
exc
lusi
on
People at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion 2010 2020 Target ----- Distance to target
Source: EUROSTAT
No national target
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
At risk of poverty and exclusion: South+East
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
East West Divide on low workPeople living in a household with low work intensity, 2009
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
EU BE UK DK AT MT NL DE FR SI LU EL IT SE PT CZ FI ES CY PL LV EE RO SK BG IE LT HU
Sh
are
of
po
pu
lati
on
wit
h a
lo
w w
ork
in
ten
sity
, %
Large urban areas
Rural areas, towns and suburbs
Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by difference between large urban areas and other areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation
Urban disadvantage Urban advantage
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
East West divide on urban poverty People at risk of poverty, 2009
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
EU LU MT UK AT BE DE DK EL SE NL CZ SI FR CY IT ES EE SK IE HU FI PT LV PL LT BG RO
Sh
are
of
po
pu
lati
on
at
risk
of
po
vert
y in
%
Large urban areas
Rural areas, towns and suburbs
Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by difference between large urban areas and other areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation
Urban disadvantage Urban advantage
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
Deprivation in the EastSevere material deprivation, 2009
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
EU BE AT IE PT FR UK MT DE SE NL EL IT LU DK ES FI CY CZ SI LV EE PL LT SK HU RO BG
Sh
are
of
po
pu
lati
on
wit
h s
ev
ere
ma
teri
al d
ep
riv
ati
on
in %
Large urban areas
Rural areas, towns and suburbs
Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by difference between large urban areas and other areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation
Urban disadvantage Urban advantage
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Conclusion
• Europe 2020 is an ambitious strategy• Requires a different policy mix in countries
(National Reform Programmes)• Requires a different policy mix in regions
(Cohesion Policy Programmes)• Urban needs differ substantially between countries
and cities. Urban deprivation more concentrated in EU-15
• Urban opportunities in all MS, but investment needed to remove obstacles to development
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
Conclusie voor VRP and ISOCARP
1. Integrate decisions about physical infrastructure with decisions about pricing & services
2. Use functional geographies3. Improve urban living because it can help to
1. More sustainable2. More innovative3. Addresses poverty
Regional PolicyRegional Policy
For more information7th Progress reporthttp://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information/reports/index_en.cfm
Factsheets
http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information/brochures/pages/country2012/index_en.cfm