What is it?Where does it come from?Why is it used?How can we prevent it?What do we fear about Terrorism?

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Definition of Terrorism

Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word “Fear”

“The Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government, the Civilian Population, or Segment Thereof, in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectives.”(Source FBI)

FALLOUT SHELTER

Terrorism

Is an unlawful act of violence

Intimidates governments or societies

Goal is to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives

Arthur H. Garrison

“…warfare seeks to conquer territories and capture cities;

terrorism seeks to hurt a few people and to scare a lot of people in order to make a point” NYTimes, 1/6/2000

“Putting the horror in the minds of the audience, and not necessarily on the screen”

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Terrorism Priorities

TodayBiological

Conventional Weapons

Dirty Bombs

Property of Terrorism

Terrorism is different from regular crime because of its strong political properties

The definition of terrorism can vary from people to people due to the differences in standpoint

One person’s terrorist can be another’s fighter

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The Terrorist and their Thinking

Fear always springs from ignorance. Emerson, 1837

Modern History of Terrorism Terrorism is Asymmetric Warfare. Asymmetric warfare is the use of apparently

random/unpredictable violence by an weak military against a stronger military to gain advantage. (Allen, 1997).

The key of Asymmetric warfare is using unexpected, unconventional tactics in combat (Craig, 1998).

Arthur H. Garrison

Terrorism conclusions

Terrorism is an ancient tactic. Terrorism is a mode of communication. Terrorism is a special type of violence and

Asymmetrical warfare. Terrorism is used in times of peace, conflicts and

war. Terrorism is designed to make a point, through

psychological means, fear. Terrorism is a political act.

Arthur H. Garrison

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Two Types of Groups

Domestic/

National

International

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Terrorist Motives

Ethnic Cleansing Damage Infrastructure Disrupt Normal Life Direct Kill of an

Enemy

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Terrorist Motives Undermine Confidence In Government

- Requires Media Coverage

- Should effect as many people as possible

- Must last long enough to overwhelm (NYC)

Local resources

Media audience

- Usually directed towards injury fatality (International Terrorist)

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Target Selection

Based on:

Motive Type of Device Available Type of Deployment

Method Available

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Thinking Outside the Box

They ARE!!

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Types of Terrorist Incidents

Four Primary Types for

Emergency Services

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Terrorist Incidents

Explosives and Arson Nuclear Materials Biological Agents Chemical Agents

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Explosives and Arson

70% of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package

Bombs) Destroy Building, Aircraft, Monuments,

etc.. Large Devices, Truck or Car Bombs

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Suspicious Thing to Look for

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Operational Procedures for Terrorist Incidents

FACTORS FOR PREPARINGCommon Weapons

Stand-off Weapons

Super Terrorism

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Operational Changes

Emergency Services strategic thinker must be willing to “think the unthinkable” so that appropriate responses may be conceived.

Do not overstate the threat.

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Terrorist Units and Cells:A Functional Approach

Funding

• Sources: crime, harvesting• Processing and management, •Nation States

Training

• Recruitment • Instructors• Sites• Equipment

Intelligence

• Supplied• Gathered• Internet/other open source• Information and politics

Logistics

• Equipment & supplies• Other essentials• Sources

Operations

• One-man• Team• Multilateral/ collaborative

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Government Response to Terrorism:

A Functional Approach

Funding

• Sources: •Federal, State and •Local Taxes

Training

• Recruitment • Instructors• Sites• Equipment

Intelligence

• Supplied• Gathered• Internet/other open source• Information and politics

Logistics

• Equipment & supplies• Other essentials• Sources

Operations

• One-man• Team• Multilateral/ collaborative

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Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction

Terrorist Targets and their Terrorist Targets and their WeaponsWeapons

Phillip L. Coule, M.D. 30

Biological terrorism

Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to produce illness, death and terror

The paths of infection can be contaminated water, food, air and packages.

Microbes Bacteria Viruses Toxins

Anatomy of a Bioterrorist Attack

Preparation5 years

Execution 1 day

Diagnosed case 3 days

First Death

Multiple deaths

Terrorism takes much Time and planning

Nuclear Terrorism

Spreading of radioactive materials through ventilation system or explosion

Disable nuclear reactor cooling system and cause leakage of radioactive materials

Detonate a nuclear weapon No use of nuclear material for non-military

terrorism has ever occurred

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Common Weapons

Fertilizer Bombs Dynamite Semtex Automatic and Semi-automatic and Pistols

remain the weapons of choice.

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Stand-Off Weapons

American Stinger Russian SA-7 Hand-Held Anti-Aircraft

missiles US Army Light Anti-tank Weapon (LAW) Russian RPG-7 Anti-Tank Weapon And Increasing Bombing Technologies.

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Where is Terrorism Going?

The CYBER World

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HE IS!!!!!!!!!

Prevention of Terrorism

Primary prevention: Education!!! Understand the differences in cultures, religions,

beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace, freedom and equality of all

human beings, not just “my group of people” Eliminate the root of terrorism

Prevention of Terrorism

Secondary prevention: Establish surveillance and monitoring system on

terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens

Prevention of Terrorism

Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population

Conclusion Terrorism is unlawful act Terrorism has a long history of being used to

achieve political, religious and ideological objectives Terrorism can be conducted through firearms,

explosive devices and biological, chemical, nuclear materials

Even through the events of 2001,the risk of dying from terrorism has remained much lower than that from motor vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic beverage.

The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. FDR, 1933

Fears are educated into us & can, if we wish, be educated out.