1

TERRORISM

2

AIM

To impart essential introductory knowledge on

Terrorism

3

What is Terrorism Evolution Defining Modern Terrorism Prevailing Definitions of Terrorism Elements of Terrorism Types of Terrorism Causes of Terrorism Effects of Terrorism Summary/Recap Q & A

SEQUENCE

DEFINITION

One of the most widely discussed issue at present time

It displays horror and fascinations Shocking and unexpected character has

captured headline for years Publicized form of Political violence The Twin Tower Attk on 11 Sep 01

4

5

WHAT IS TERRORISM

The unlawful use of force or violence against individuals/property

To threaten govts/societies often to achieve political/religious/ideological goal

The main obj is to create terror in the public by unlawful method by using weapons/hijaking/kidnapping/destruction of property

6

EVOLUTION

It has existed in all ages From the ‘Inception of Earth’ Developed in 19th century World War I & II Cold War Era Involvement of 3rd World countries

7

MODERN TERRORISM One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom

fighting One man’s terrorism could be another man’s

patriotism When BD fought the war of liberation, the Pak

leaders announced our heroes as ‘Terrorist’ When a human bomb killed the Indian PM Rajib

Gandhi, India & the whole world had denounced it as Terrorism, but the Srilankan LTTE hailed the suicide bomber as Hero

8

PREVAILING DEFINITIONS OF MODERN TERRORISM

League Nations Convention (1937)

All criminal acts directed against a state and intended or calculated to create a state of terror in the minds of particular persons or a group of persons or the general public

9

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom for example, legislation titled Terrorist Act 2000 states that terrorism is the use of violence for political ends includes any use of violence for the purpose of putting the public or any section of the public in fear

PREVAILING DEFINITIONS OF MODERN TERRORISM

10

US State Department of Defence

Terrorism is the calculated use of unlawful violence to inculcate fear, intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious or ideological

PREVAILING DEFINITIONS OF MODERN TERRORISM

11

FBI (USA)

Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to threaten or pressurize a govt, the civ population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political/social obj

PREVAILING DEFINITIONS OF MODERN TERRORISM

12

AYATULLAH TASKHIRI

Terrorism is an actn carried out to achieve an inhuman and corrupt obj and involving threat to sy of any kind and in violation of the right ack by religion & mankind

SCHOLARY DEFINITIONS OF TERRORISM

13

Dr SARFARAZ K NIAZI

Terrorism is the sustained, clandistine use of violence incl murder, kidnapping, hijacking and bombing to achieve a political purpose

YASIR ARAFAT

Nobody is terrorist who stands for a just cause

SCHOLARY DEFINITIONS OF TERRORISM

14

BENJAMIN NETANYAHO

Terrorism is the deliberate and systematic assault on civilians to inspire fear for political ends

DONALD J HANLE

Intense paralyzing fear or the dread of it. It is a deliberate attempt to create terror through a systemetic act involving the use of abnormal lethal force for the purpose of influencing a tgt grp/indl

SCHOLARY DEFINITIONS OF TERRORISM

15

ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM

Political in Nature It is political-not criminal, like the violence, extortion of money, eroding state authority by violent strikes, murders, destruction etc with an aim designed to change the existing political order

16

Target Civilians It is aimed at civilians – not at military targets or combat – ready troops. The targets of terrorism are civilians. Terrorism is thus distinguished from other types of political violence (guerilla warfare civil insurrection, etc)

ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM

17

ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM

Terrorism is Aimed at an Audience Terrorist acts are often deliberately to rattle and influence a wide audience, beyond the victims of the violence itself. The point is to use the psychological impact of violence or of the threat of violence to effect political change

18

Based on Laws In order to achieve as wide an accord as possible, the definition must be founded on a system of principle and laws of war legislated and ratified in many countries

ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM

19

Political/Ideological Terrorism

Urban Terrorism Regional Terrorism State terrorism International Terrorism Nationalist Terrorism Religious Terrorism State Sponsored Terrorism Left-Right Wing Terrorism Anarchist Terrorism Disruptive Terrorism

Conclusion

TYPES OF TERRORISM

Coercive Terrorism Transitional Terrorism Nuclear Terrorism Chemical Terrorism Biological Terrorism Narco Terrorism Cyber Terrorism Single Use Terrorism Individual Terrorism Criminal Terrorism

Conclusion

20

Economic Causes Socio-cultural Causes Psychological Cause Sense of Injustice and Deprivation Religious Causes Uni-polar Global Imbalance US Power of Arrogance Injustice with Muslims Indiscriminate Support for Israel Poverty

Conclusion

CAUSES OF TERRORISM

21

Political Effects Socio-Cultural Effects Psychological Effects Economic Effects

EFFECTS OF TERRORISM

22

RECAPITULATE

What is Terrorism Evolution Defining Modern Terrorism Prevailing Definitions of Terrorism Elements Types Causes Effects

23

Q & A

24

THANK YOU