terrorism. freedom and fear are at war…either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists....
TRANSCRIPT
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Terrorism
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“Freedom and fear are at war…Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.”
President George W. Bush 20 September, 2001
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Terrorism• Is an unlawful act of violence
• Intimidates governments or societies
• Goal is to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives
• FEAR!
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“…warfare seeks to conquer territories and capture cities;
terrorism seeks to hurt a few people and to scare a lot of
people in order to make a point” NYTimes, 1/6/2000
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Early History of Terrorism• Terror has been used to achieve
political ends and has a long history.
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Types of Terrorism
• Nationalist
• Religious
• State-sponsored
• Left-wing
• Right-wing
• Anarchist
• Terrorism can be either domestic or international.
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Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Terrorism takes much time and planning
Execution: 1 day
Diagnosed case: 3 days
First Deaths Occur
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Methods of Terrorism
• Nuclear Weapon
• Biological Agents
• Chemical Agents
• Explosive and Incendiary Devices
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Nuclear Terrorism
• Spreading of radioactive materials through ventilation system or explosion
• Disable nuclear reactor cooling system and cause leakage of radioactive materials
• Detonate a nuclear weapon
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Biological Terrorism
• Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to produce illness, death and terror
• The paths of infection can be contaminated water, food, air and packages.
• Microbes– Bacteria– Viruses– Toxins
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Biological Terrorism: Is This Something New?
• 14th Century – Kaffa
–City on Crimean Peninsula
• Hurled plague infested corpses over walls of city to infest it.
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Biological Terrorism: Is This Something New?
• 18th Century French and Indian War– British Officers gave blankets from
smallpox victims to Indians aligned with French
– Caused an epidemic in tribes– Effective means of incapacitating
group
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Example of Chemical Terrorism
• Sarin nerve agent attacked the Tokyo subway system in March 20, 1995
• 12 people were killed and 53 were seriously injured
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Proportion of death from terrorism in
total death in the United States
Average death per year
From terrorism
From all causes
Proportion (%)
1990’s 8 2534203 0.0003
2001 2893 2404624 0.12
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Why did terrorism draw considerable attention in 2001?
• The risk of dying from terrorism was extremely low in 1990’s, and was still relatively low compared with some diseases in 2001
• But the risk increased by 500 times in 2001 due to Sept. 11
• Overall the risk of terrorism has not been high• Despite the low risk, shock, surprise and fear
engulfed our country and world
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U.S. Counterterrorism Policy
• First, make no concessions to terrorists and strike no deals.
• Second, bring terrorists to justice for their crimes.• Third, isolate and apply pressure on states that
sponsor terrorism to force them to change their behavior.
• Fourth, bolster the counterterrorism capabilities of those countries that work with the U.S. and require assistance.
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Terrorism in the Future
• Could be higher levels of violence.
• Although technology aids in the defense against terrorism, it also provides terrorists with increased opportunities.
– Chemical weapons
– Weapons of mass destruction
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Conclusion• Terrorism is a unlawful act meant to provoke
FEAR!• Terrorism has a long history of been used to
achieve political, religious and ideological objectives
• Terrorism can be conducted through nuclear, biological, chemical agents and explosive devices
• The risk of dying from terrorism is much lower than that from motor vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic beverage.
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