test on grammar —analysis & strategy. analysis: i.the combination of knowledge and ability in...

Test on Grammar

—Analysis & Strategy

Analysis:I. The combination of knowledge

and ability in the paperII. Types of grammar test and their

featuresIII. Which grammar items are

being tested?

Strategy:I. Different types of sentences at

different stages of grammar teaching

II. Make good use of the limited reading passages

III. Upgrade students’ writingIV. Three types of designs at three

stages

Analysis:

I. The combination of knowledge and ability

in the paper

Test on comprehension •focus: meaning•means: choosing•100 out of 150

Listening ( 30 marks)Reading comprehension (40

marks)Multiple choices

&Finding matching information

Cloze test (30 marks)Test on expressing •focus: meaning & form)•means: writing•50 out of 150

Grammar (15 marks)Proof reading (10 marks)Writing (25 marks)

Test on ability

Hunan’s: 85.5/64.5

一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500左右。【 2005全国 I卷考试说明】

Test on knowledge

ability&

knowledge

vocabulary grammarfunctions,

notions and topics

comprehension writing

Analysis:

II. Types of grammar test and their features

The traditional type

Strengths Weaknesses Standardized Wide-ranging

Indirect test of language use

Artificial interference Possibly not objective

Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished

sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.

The mode of NMET 2014/2015

第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词 / 一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Strengths Weaknesses More of language use Objective test of langue

use

Limited context Narrow coverage

of grammar items

Analysis:

III. Which grammar items are being tested?

附录 2 语法项目表1. 名词（ 1）可数名词及其单复数（ 2）不可数名词（ 3）专有名词（ 4）名词所有格 2. 代词（ 1）人称代词（ 2）物主代词（ 3）反身代词（ 4）指示代词（ 5）不定代词（ 6）疑问代词 3. 数词（ 1）基数词（ 2）序数词 4. 介词和介词短语 5. 连词 6. 形容词（比较级和最高级）7. 副词（比较级和最高级）8. 冠词

9. 动词（ 1）动词的基本形式（ 2）系动词（ 3）及物动词和不及物动词（ 4）助动词（ 5）情态动词 10. 时态（ 1）一般现在时（ 2）一般过去时（ 3）一般将来时（ 4）现在进行时（ 5）过去进行时（ 6）过去将来时（ 7）将来进行时（ 8）现在完成时（ 9）过去完成时（ 10）现在完成进行时 11. 被动语态 12. 非谓语动词（ 1）动词不定式（ 2）动词的 -ing形式（ 3）动词的 -ed形式

13. 构词法（ 1）合成法（ 2）派生法（ 3）转化法（ 4）缩写和简写 14. 句子种类（ 1）陈述句（ 2）疑问句（ 3）祈使句（ 4）感叹句 15. 句子成分（ 1）主语（ 2）谓语（ 3）表语（ 4）宾语（ 5）定语（ 6）状语（ 7）补语

16. 简单句的基本句型 17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句 19. 主从复合句（ 1）宾语从句（ 2）状语从句（ 3）定语从句（ 4）主语从句（ 5）表语从句 20. 间接引语21 、省略22. 倒装 23. 强调 24. 虚拟语气

Meanings are expressed through the combination of content words and function words.

内容词 (content words): 名词 ; 动词 ; 形容词 ; 副词 ; 数词。

功能词 (function words): 代词 ; 连词 ; 介词 ; 助动词 ; 冠词 ; 感叹词。

some objects, actions, or characteristics

grammatical relationships with other words and the attitude or

mood of the speaker

I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31broke（ break） down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32who should have the honor of receiving me 33as a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34settled（ settle） into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35a small town some 20 kilometres away36where there was a garage…

A combination of content words & function words

第二节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 ． 5分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 3l-40的相应位置上。【 2007广东卷●语法填空】

Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because, 48if you have computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all you information, you don't have to go to 49if library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet 50and print the copies needed. Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you 51shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for you research.

Mainly function words Section C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context. 【 2015湖南卷●完形填空二】

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61being (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62and some of them looked very anxious and 63disappointed (disappoint)…

【 2015新课标 I样卷 · 语法填空】

第二节 ( 共 10 小题 ; 每小题 1.5 分 , 满分 15 分 )阅读下面材料 , 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1 个单词 ) 或括号内单词的的正确形式。

A combination of content words & function words

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River

Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 （ be） unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).

《 2014新课标 I·语法填空》

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65 (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear” It is 69 （ I）” . She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done. And the passengers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another.

《 2015新课标 I考试说明样卷 ·语法填空》

Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before

dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65

(painting). Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

《 2015新课标 I·语法填空》

Test on function words

Fill in the blanks (without prompt) in 3 papers (9 blanks)

•Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.（ articles）

•But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months.（ coordinating conjunctions）

•Maybe you leave a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.（ relative pronouns）

the

or

which

《 2014新课标 I·语法》

•There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and… （ coordinating conjunctions）

•I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. （ prepositions）

•“68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” （ auxiliaries）

and

to

Did

《 2015新课标考试说明样卷 ·语法》

•A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong…（ adverbs）

•I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists （ relative pronouns）

•For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.（ prepositions）

before/ earlier

which

by


Fill in the blanks (without prompt) in 3 papers (9 blanks)

articles 1coordinating conjunctions 2relative pronouns 2propositions 2auxiliaries 1adverbs 1

Grammar items concerningthe test of function words

1. articles2. prepositions

3. pronouns emphatic (it, that/who/whom)

4. Auxiliariessubjunctive mood

(aux.)inversion (aux.)

question tag (aux.)

5. conjunctions&

relative pron. /adv.

compound sentencesnoun-clauses

attributive-clausesadverbial-clauses

Test on content words

Fill in the blanks (with prompt) in 3 papers (21 blanks)

•It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.tenses; subject-verb agreement

•The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned.adjectives & adverbs; derivation

•It took years of work 65 (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. non-predicative verbs

actually

was

to reduce

•Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.adjectives & adverbs

•While there are 8 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.derivation; subject-verb agreement

•Just be10 (patience). derivation

amazing

changes

patient

cleaner


• One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school. non-predicative verbs

•…some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint).derivation / non-predicative verbs

•A boy on a bike 65 (catch) my attention.tenses

being

disappointed

caught

•…he refused 66 (stop) until we reached the next stop.non-predicative verbs

•Still, the boy kept 67 (ride).non-predicative verbs

•It is 69 （ I）pronouns

•And the passengers 77 (sudden) became friendly to one another.adjectives & adverbs; derivation

to stop

riding

me/mine

suddenly

《 2015新课标考试说明样卷 ·语法》

•It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.tenses

•I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog.pronouns

•…dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).relative pronouns / singulars and plurals

arrived

its

paintings

which

•Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful.tenses; subject-verb agreement

•A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.non-predicative verbs

•…it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.adjectives & adverbs; derivation；non-predicative verbs

is

conducted

regularyliving


Fill in the blanks (with prompt) in 3 papers (21 blanks)tenses 4subject-verb agreement 3adjectives & adverbs 4derivation 6non-predicative verbs 9pronouns 2singular and plurals 1

The process of deciding on the forms of content words

deriva-ion

unreal subjunctive mood →voices and tense

verbs

real

predicative

·voices and tenses of verbs·subject-verb agreement

inversion

non-predica-tive

non-predicate verbs →voices and tenses

ellipsis

nouns ·countable or uncountable·plurals or singulars·cases

adjectives & adverbs

original, comparative, superlative

My observations

1. It’s really a test of grammar; no context information is concerned.

• An equally important quality is tolerance. Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, 53 there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 54If neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance. In this way, everyone will live 55 in peace.

but ?/ though?

《 2014湖南卷 · 完形填空二》

2. The traditional revision of grammar could be changed.

4. auxiliaries

subjunctive mood (aux.)inversion (aux.)

question tag (aux.)

•Have you considered giving a lesson on auxiliary crossing different grammar items?

•Why not give a lesson focused on the method of deciding on the forms of words?

verbs•real? •unreal?

modal verbs

unreal•tense •voice

adverbial

verb-noun relation


realconjugations or relative pron./adv.

•predicative? •non-predicative?


predicative

•tense •voice•subject-verb agreement

adverbial

verb-noun relation

nature of the subject


non-predicative

•tense •voice

adverbial

verb-noun relation


Such a lesson will cross the grammar items of

• subjunctive mood•tenses of verbs•voices of verbs•subject-verb agreement•non-predictive verbs

3. For blanks without prompt, when it should be a content word, the answer ought to be almost

unique.

• The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ________．large / big

4. Most grammar items will be tested on except a few. But students are still supposed to have a knowledge of the few.

Forms of content words

tenses and

voices of

verbs

do/does did will do be doing would do will be doing have done had done have been doing

Forms of content words non-predicate

verbs to do doing done


inversion;subject-verbagreement; question tag

tenses and voices of verbs

do/does did will do be doing would do will be doing have done had done have been doing


Subjective mood

wish/if only: did had done would do if sb. did sth, sb. would do sth.

if sb. had done sth, sb. would have done sth.

did if sb. were to do sth, sb. would do sth. should do

时态 2

冠词 2

连词 2

介词 2

语态 1

形容词副词 3

名词单复数 2

不定代词 2

谓语动词 1

代词 1

时间副词 1

不定副词 1

【新课标 I卷 · 短文改错】两年考点分布

附录 2 语法项目表1. 名词（ 1）可数名词及其单复数（ 2）不可数名词（ 3）专有名词（ 4）名词所有格 2. 代词（ 1）人称代词（ 2）物主代词（ 3）反身代词（ 4）指示代词（ 5）不定代词（ 6）疑问代词 3. 数词（ 1）基数词（ 2）序数词 4. 介词和介词短语 5. 连词 6. 形容词（比较级和最高级）7. 副词（比较级和最高级）8. 冠词

9. 动词（ 1）动词的基本形式（ 2）系动词（ 3）及物动词和不及物动词（ 4）助动词（ 5）情态动词 10. 时态（ 1）一般现在时（ 2）一般过去时（ 3）一般将来时（ 4）现在进行时（ 5）过去进行时（ 6）过去将来时（ 7）将来进行时（ 8）现在完成时（ 9）过去完成时（ 10）现在完成进行时 11. 被动语态 12. 非谓语动词（ 1）动词不定式（ 2）动词的 -ing形式（ 3）动词的 -ed形式

13. 构词法（ 1）合成法（ 2）派生法（ 3）转化法（ 4）缩写和简写 14. 句子种类（ 1）陈述句（ 2）疑问句（ 3）祈使句（ 4）感叹句 15. 句子成分（ 1）主语（ 2）谓语（ 3）表语（ 4）宾语（ 5）定语（ 6）状语（ 7）补语

16. 简单句的基本句型 17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句 19. 主从复合句（ 1）宾语从句（ 2）状语从句（ 3）定语从句（ 4）主语从句（ 5）表语从句 20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装 23. 强调 24. 虚拟语气

Forms of content words Adjective & adverb

derivation √the comparative and superlative degree √the order of adjectives as attributives ×

Whatever the style of grammar test, the only purpose is for students to use it correctly and well.

Strategy:

I. Different types of sentences at different stages of grammar teaching

For freshmen:—simple, clear sentences (no new words or complicated structures)—better understanding and longer memory

Whether he’ll be able to come is not yet known.Why they have not left yet is not clear so far.She believed that he hadn’t told her the truth.I wonder if/whether that’s a good idea. …Introduction to noun clauses(M3U1 · Grammar )

For seniors:—Complex sentence structure & upgraded words —better writing

It is fortunate that repair work on the Acropolis is being carried out. Tell him that he needn’t worry and that I’ll help him out. I differ from him in that I’m good at Maths while he is good at art. Overview of noun clauses(M9U2 · Grammar )

Strategy:

II. Make good use of the limited reading passages

Focuses of grammar testFunction wordsForms of content words

derivations (n., v., adj., adv.)nouns: single/plural forms of nouns : possessive case of nouns verbs: tenses of verbs : non-predicate verbs : subject-v agreementthe comparative and superlative of

adjectives and adverbs

Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia, and has always been famous for its natural scenery. Canada has vast areas of wilderness, from the Arctic north, where average winter temperatures e usually minus 20 degrees centigrade to the…Canada is one of the largest in the world, second only to Russia, has always been famous for natural scenery. Canada has vast areas of wilderness, from the Arctic north, average winter temperatures e usually minus 20 degrees centigrade the… Canada—land of maple trees

Strategy:

III. Upgrade students’ writing

Learning grammar helps to write grammatically. Some grammar items are helpful for upgrading students’ writing.

The criterion for a good piece of students’ writing

• with idiomatic expressions• with advanced words and structures

• with variety• reading smoothly

地道、高级、丰富、流畅

合理使用高级表达（如强调、排比、虚拟、倒装、复杂句、非谓语结构、格言、谚语等），而且词汇表达丰富、语言地道的文章加 2~3 分或取本档最高分。

Grammatical items contributing to highermarks in students’ writing:

Non-predicative verbs (participles especially )Complex sentencesSubjunctive mood

Inversion EmphasisEllipsis

Testing grammar in the form of sentences contribute to students’ better writing.

• As John Lennon once said, life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

• It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ______ makes life happy.

what

that

Make good use of the complex sentences in the texts

Although only a handful of people became successful, many stayed and built settlements in the area, and there are now many museums showing what life was like back then.

尽管所有同学参加了写作比赛，获奖的只有 1/3，在教学楼入口处可以看到他们的文章，在这些文章中我们可以看到他们对于两年高中生活的感受。

Although all of us participated in the writing contest, only a third won a place in it, and at the entrance ofthe teaching building we can see their articles showing how they felt about the two years’ life in senior high.

Canada—land of maple trees

Consolidate by using

Subjunctive MoodI. Unreal conditions 1. if sb. did sth., sb. would do sth.

2. if sb. had done sth., sb. would have done sth.

3. if sb. did/should do/were to do sth., sb. would do sth.

• If I had the chance to hold your hands, I would take you to the party and dance.

• If you wanted to cry, I would lend you my shoulder.

• I should have bought you flowers, held your hands and given you all my hours, if I had had the chance.

• If I were to be the richest man in the world, I would send you the hugest jewel—the star all made of jewels.

Subjunctive MoodIII. Things hoped for or desired — would rather 1. now—sb. would rather that sb. did sth.

2. future—sb. would rather that sb. did sth.

3. past—sb. would rather that sb. had done

sth.

• I’d rather you hated me than you forgot me.

• I’d rather that I hadn’t met you.

• They’d rather that their romantic feelings weren’t different from what they were 5 years ago.

Make it a habit for top students

六、翻译（用被动语态翻译以下句子或划线部分）（每句 4 分；共 20 分）1. 在过去的几天中，大量的药品被运往地震灾区。2. 有关食品、药品安全的问题不应该被轻视（ concerning, take sth. lightly）。3. 除非不时地使用，新学的单词和表达会容易忘记。（ +状语从句中的省略）4. 女孩子喜欢自拍 (selfie n.)，在她们的自拍照中我们可以看到她们和好朋友或可爱的动物在一起或看到她们在特别的背景中。（ +定语从句）5. 当他去城市工作时，他无法理解为什么这么多楼几乎没人住而又有那么多房子又在建设中。（ beyond sb., while）

Large amounts of medicine have been sent to the earthquake stricken area in the last few days. Problems concerning food and medicine safety shouldn’t be taken lightly. Newly learnt words and expressions will be easily forgotten unless used from time to time. Girls are fond of selfies, where they are seen to be with good friends or cute animals or in a special background. When he went to work in the city, it was quite beyond him why so many buildings were almost empty while so many others were being built.

实验班晚自习翻译安排1. 被动语态2. it做形式主语和形式宾语3. 非谓语动词作定语4. 非谓语动词作状语5. 非谓语动词作补语6. with+ o. + o.c

6. 名词性从句7. 定语从句8. 状语从句9. 并列句 /复杂句10. 强调句11. 省略句12. 虚拟

Strategy:

IV. Three types of designs at three stages

I. Test with sentences —the first half of the academic year (no more than 3 words)

四、语法填空 [在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 ] （每小题 2 分；共22 分）30. Eagerly turning the pages of the newly borrowed book, John hardly noticed what was happening/ (had) happened (happen) around. 31. It’s good for us to join a club of some kind, where we can develop some practical skills and make some friends as well . 32. Walking (walk) in such a beautiful campus, I’m

always feeling a sense of well-being and a desire for more knowledge.

… 晚自习练习

B(A部分共 10小题 ; 每小题 1.5分 ,满分 15分。B部分共 8小题；每小题 1分，满分 8份。两部分共 23分 )阅读下面材料 ,在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于 3个单词 )或括号内单词的的正确形式。

AHistory is one long story, or 57 (real), a lot of stories of competing narratives (叙述 ), about the people who shaped the world we live in…

B67. I’m thinking about starting painting myself (I) after I get back from my trip.68. Picasso was most famous for his work in Cubism, where the world is represented as being constructed of cubes and rectangles. 69. Monet’s paintings where typical of a style called impressionism. 70. Van Gogh’s younger brother, Theo, acting (act) as his agent, tried hard to sell Van Gogh’s paintings. … 月考

II. Test with a passage —the second half of the academic year,

before the issue of the exam syllabus

III. Test with a passage —after the issue of the exam syllabus (adjusting accordingly)

Always be expression-oriented, and fear nothing.

test on grammar —analysis & strategy. analysis: i.the combination of knowledge and ability in...

Documents

function words

papertypes of grammar

words section c

stages analysis

combination of knowledge

different types of sentences

different types of sources

good use