testing beyond iec traditional standards and new trend in ... · iec 61215 / iec 61730 such as:...
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TÜV SÜDTÜV SÜD
Testing Beyond IEC TraditionalStandards and New Trend inIEC Standards Development
21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 1
Presented by Zhang ZhulinMar., 2014
TÜV SÜD
Topics
Slide 2Corporate Presentation14-02-21
IEC 61215 & IEC 61730-1/-2
Other Standards and Testing
Testing and Certification Trends
TÜV SÜD
Standard PV Module Certification
21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 3
IEC 61215, Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval
IEC 61730-1/-2, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – requirement for construction/testing
IEC 61646, Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval
• Evaluate suitability of long-term operation in general open-air climates, as defined in IEC60721-2-1 (IEC 61215)
• All modules shall be able to operate under environmental condition type AB8 accordingto IEC 60364-5-51 (IEC 61730, identical with temp. range of IEC 60721-3-4, class 4K3 )
• Evaluate electrical shock, mechanical, fire resistance & propagation hazards• Verify evaluation through testing
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 4
Standard PV Module Certification
………………
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InitialMeasurement
Main tests includingintermediate tests
Final tests
IEC 61215 IEC 61730
Tests can be combined
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 5
Standard PV Module Certification
General Inspection testVisual inspection
Preconditioning testsThermal cycling (TC50 or TC200)Humidity freeze (HF10)Damp heat (DH1000)UV preconditioningOutdoor exposure
Electrical shock hazard testsAccessibilityCut susceptibilityGround continuityImpulse voltageDielectric withstandWet leakage currentRobustness of terminations
Fire hazard tests
Temperature
Hot-spot
Fire
Bypass diode thermal
Reverse current overload
Mechanical stress tests
Module breakage
Mechanical load
Hail
Component tests
Partial discharge
Conduit bending
Terminal box knock out
Others (Evaluation/ comparison)
Measurement of temperature coefficient
Measurement of NOCT
Performance at STC and NOCT
Performance at low irradiance
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 6
Standard PV Module Certification
Pass Criteria - IEC 61215 / IEC 61646If each test sample meets all the following criteria:a) maximum acceptable power losses (215 v.s. 646)b) no open circuit during the testsc) no visual evidence of a major defect, as defined in Clause 7d) pass insulation tests before and after some tests as prescribede) specific requirements of the individual tests are metIf test failure samples no. >= 2, the design shall be deemed not to have met thequalification requirementsIf one sample fail any test, another two samples shall pass the whole of the relevant testsequence from the beginning
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 7
Pass Criteria - IEC 61730
Standard PV Module Certification
Construction requirements comply with IEC 61730-1
Test samples meet all of the criteria of each individual test
The nature of the failure will determine the extent of re-testing requirements
TÜV SÜD
Topics
Slide 8Corporate Presentation14-02-21
IEC 61215 & IEC 61730-1/-2
Other Standards and Testing
Testing and Certification Trends
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 9
Other Standards and Testing - Thresher
PV Module’s Durability and Reliability – 25 years warranty?
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 10
Thresher Mark Certification
Other Standards and Testing - Thresher
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 11
Other Standards and Testing - Thresher
What is it?Qualification program based on extended testing protocolFocused on critical Failure Modes for c-Si modules
ScopeProvide much higher confidence in lifetime prediction than IEC 61215 + IEC61730
How?By providing further insight on 1) Failure Mechanisms
2) Power Degradation Patterns3) Safety Degradation Patterns
Why?Failure rates in IEC testing have decreased but buyers whish a higher level of confidence
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 12
Other Standards and Testing - ThresherPreconditioning
20 kW/m2
Visual inspection10.1 + EL
Performance test10.2 & 10.7
Insulation test10.3
Wet leakage test10.15
Outdoor exposure test60 kW/m2 10.8
Bypass diode test10.18
Hot spot test10.9 5 times
Bypass diode test10.18
TC 600
Bypass diode test10.18
UV 453 x 15kWh/m2
TC 50
HF 30
Bypass diode test10.18
DH 3000
Mechanical load test10.16
Bypass diode test10.18
Hot spotsBypass diode
Broken interconnectsCell cracksSolder bond failuresOpen circuitThermal (bypass diode)
EncapsulantDiscolorationDelaminationCorrosionElectrical (j-box, conn.)Thermal (bypass diode)
DelaminationCorrosionMechanical failuresElectrical (jbox, conn.)Thermal (bypass diode)
Expected Failure Modes
7 MonthsA B C D EPID Test
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 13
Other Standards and Testing - Thresher
Pass Criteria
Modules already certified acc. to IEC 61215 + IEC 61730-1, -2(certification still valid)
Modules shall undergo Thresher Test sequences successfully- no major visual defects,- pass insulation tests before and after some tests as prescribed- power degradation < 20 %- bypass diode functional
Factory Inspection – additional focus on internal reliability programs
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 14
Other Standards and Testing – Salt Mist
Environmental conditions not covered byIEC 61215 / IEC 61730 such as:
Marine environments with continuous highly corrosive wet atmospheres
Temporary corrosive atmospheres where salt is used in winter periods to meltice formation on street and roads
Which cause PV module components (metallic parts, non-metallic protectivecoatings and plastics) damaged and their functioning impaired.
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 15
Other Standards and Testing – Salt Mist
Standard and Mark
IEC 61701, Salt mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 16
(Originated from IEC 60068-2-52, Environmental testing – Part 2-52: Tests – Test Kb: Salt mist,cyclic (sodium chloride solution))
Severity 1: It is intended to be used in a marine environment.
Severity 2: Not suitable for PV modules as testing conditions are too weak.
Severity 3-6: Used in location where there could be a change between salt-laden and dryatmospheres, for example in places where salt is used to melt ice formations.
Test severities
Other Standards and Testing – Salt Mist
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 17
Other Standards and Testing – Salt Mist
Test time-scale
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 18
Other Standards and Testing – Salt Mist
Test sequence
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 19
Other Standards and Testing – Salt Mist
Pass Criteria
No major visual defects as described in IEC 61215 and IEC 61730-2
Max. power shall decrease by less than 5% of initial value
10.15 , MST 13 and MST 16 shall be fulfilled
Bypass diode functionality shall be also fulfilled
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 20
Other Standards and Testing – Ammonia
Agriculturalenvironment
Corrosive wetatmosphere
Corrosion of metallicparts
Assimilation ofammonia
Deterioration of theproperties of non-metallic materials
Environmental conditions not covered byIEC 61215 / IEC 61730 such as:
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 21
Other Standards and Testing – Ammonia
Standard and Mark
IEC 62716, Ammonia corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 22
NH3 – Concentration 6667ppm
Temperature 60±3rel. Humidity 100%Cycles(24 Hours)
-exposure of NH3 for 8 h and 60±3with about 100% humidity
-drying for 16 h at normal atmosphere(18 ~28 and max.75% rel. humidity)
Duration 20 Cycles (480 Hours)
Other Standards and Testing – Ammonia
Test severity
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 23
Other Standards and Testing – Ammonia
Test sequence
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 24
Pass Criteria
No major visual defects as described in IEC 61215 and IEC 61730-2
Max. power shall decrease by less than 5% of initial value
10.15 , MST 13 and MST 16 shall be fulfilled
Bypass diode functionality shall be also fulfilled
Other Standards and Testing – Ammonia
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 25
Other Standards and Testing – Dust and Sand
Desert or desertization environments with high speed of wind
Which cause high speed dust and sand impact PV module, result in moduledamage or power degradation.
Environmental conditions not covered byIEC 61215 / IEC 61730 such as:
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 26
Other Standards and Testing – Dust and Sand
Standard and Mark
IEC 60068-2-68, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test L: Dust and sandLc2 + Insulation and power measurement tests from IEC 61215
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 27
Other Standards and Testing – Dust and Sand
Test severity
dust/sand type olivine or quartz or fledsparparticle size <75 um or < 150 um or < 850 umdust/sand concentration 1 g/m3 or 3 g/m3 or 10 g/m3air velocity 20 - 25 m/stest duration 4 hours each sidetemperature 40-60 degree Crelative humidity < 25 %
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 28
Other Standards and Testing – Dust and Sand
Test sequence
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 29
Pass Criteria
No major visual defects as described in IEC 61215 and IEC 61730-2
Max. power shall decrease by less than 5% of initial value
10.15 , MST 13 and MST 16 shall be fulfilled
Bypass diode functionality shall be also fulfilled
Other Standards and Testing – Dust and Sand
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 30
Other Standards and Testing – PID
Background
Potential-induced degradation(PID) of crystalline silicon solar cells was firstobserved by Sunpower in 2005.
It was found that leakage current through the frame, the front glass and encapsulationmaterial leads to accumulation of trapped negative charge on at the surface of the cells. Thesurface passivation provided by the front surface filed of these cells degraded. The fillfactor(FF),short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage(Voc) were significantly reduced.
In 2010,NREL and Solon demonstrated that PID is a fundamental risk whenever state-of-the-art p-type crystalline silicon solar cells are used in standard modules at high negative bias.
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 31
Other Standards and Testing – PIDPossible PV array structure
EL pictures of multi c-Si string indicating shunting in the negative portion of a center-mounted orfloating string.
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 32
Other Standards and Testing – PID
Standard and MarksIEC 62804 draft version 82/768/CD, System voltage durability test for crystallinesilicon modules – Qualification and type approval
And more…
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 33
Other Standards and Testing – PID
Test sequence
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Other Standards and Testing – PID
Pass Criteria
No major visual defects as described in IEC 61215 and IEC 61730-2
Max. power shall decrease by less than 5% of initial value
10.15 , MST 13 and MST 16 shall be fulfilled
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 35
Other Standards and Testing – Dynamic Load
Background
Mechanical load test in current IEC standards stipulates only a static mechanical load,it’s purpose is to determine the ability of the module to withstand wind, snow, static or iceloads
Hardly any fatigue stressing is carried out on cells, cell connectors or rigid componentparts such as the glass or framing by current method,
As regards oscillating or alternating forces, which may come from changing blast ofwind, judder and rain/wind-induced vibration, etc., dynamic mechanical loads addressmany more different requirements in the field than static loads
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 36
Other Standards and Testing – Dynamic Load
Standard and MarksIEC 62782 draft version 82/761/CD, Dynamic mechanical load testing forphotovoltaic (PV) modules + TÜV SÜD testing program
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 37
Other Standards and Testing – Dynamic Load
Test severity
Pressure + / - 1000 PaPressure applying duration 7 +/- 3 secondsCycles 1000Frequency 1 – 3 cycles / minute
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 38
Other Standards and Testing – Dynamic Load
Test sequence
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 39
Pass Criteria
No major visual defects as described in IEC 61215 and IEC 61730-2
Max. power shall decrease by less than 5% of initial value
10.15 , MST 13 and MST 16 shall be fulfilled
Other Standards and Testing – Dynamic Load
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 40
Do you really know your power measurement system?
Other Standards and Testing – Power Measurement SystemValidation
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 41
Other Standards and Testing – Power Measurement SystemValidation
What contributes to the power measurement uncertainty?
Solar simulator (class AAA?)
Reference device (traceability)
Environment control
Intermediate check
Technician (training, authorization)
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 42
What’s our service?cooperate with NIM
validation from equipment to personnel to systemcontinuous measurement data comparison
Other Standards and Testing s – Power Measurement SystemValidation
TÜV SÜD
Topics
Slide 43Corporate Presentation14-02-21
IEC 61215 & IEC 61730-1/-2
Other Standards and Testing
Testing and Certification Trends
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 44
Test and Certification Trends
Prequalification of PV materials
No qualification requirements in current PV module IEC standards
Requirements of materials in current PV module IEC standards are not sufficient
IEC TC 82 established PV materials working groups
Several draft standards for PV materials are available
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 45
Test and Certification Trends
PV module rating to multiple climates
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 46
Test and Certification Trends
PV module fire resistance rating
Fire accidents occurred from time to time, especially for BIPV
It’s difficult to extinguish the fire when PV module is still generating electricity
Current draft says it should be done in accordance with local or nationalrequirements, which varies from nation to nation
UL proposes test for combined system of module/rack/roof
EU tests are under discussion
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 47
Test and Certification Trends
PV module reliability and ageing test
outdoor testing is a must but it takes too long, reliability or ageing is necessary topredict module’s lifetime
initial investment of PV plant is higher than traditional energy resources, how tocompete?
25-year warranty guarantee
power degradation pattern
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 48
Test and Certification Trends
Some draft standards statusNo. Name Statu
sIssuedate
IEC 61215Ed. 3.0
Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and typeapproval
Draft M 2Q,2015
IEC 61215-1Ed. 1.0
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1:Requirements for testing
ACDV 2015-06
IEC 61215-1-1Ed. 1.0
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1-1:Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
ACDV 2015-05
IEC 61215-1-2Ed. 1.0
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1-2:Special requirements for testing of cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic (PV) modules
AMW 2015-06
IEC 61215-1-3Ed.1.0
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1-3:Special requirements for testing of amorphous silicon (a-Si) and microcrystalline silicon(micro c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules
AMW 2015-06
IEC 61215-1-4Ed. 1.0
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1-4:Special requirements for testing of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and copperindium selenide (CIS) photovoltaic (PV) modules
AMW 2015-06
IEC 61215-2Ed. 1.0
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 2:Test procedures
ACDV 2015-05
IEC 62892-1Ed. 1.0
Comparative testing of PV modules to differentiate performance in multiple climates andapplications – Part 1: Overall test sequence and method of communication
ANW 2015-12
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 49
Some draft standards statusNo. Name Statu
sIssuedate
IEC 61730-1Ed. 2.0
Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – Part 1: Requirements for construction 2CD 2014-05
IEC 61730-2Ed. 2.0
Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – Part 2: Requirements for testing 2CD 2014-05
IEC 61853-2Ed. 1.0
Photovoltaic (PV) modules performance testing and energy rating – Part 2: Spectralresponse, incidence angle and module operating temperature measurements
ADIS 2014-05
IEC 61853-3Ed. 1.0
Photovoltaic (PV) modules performance testing and energy rating – Part 3: Energy ratingof PV modules
NWIP -
IEC 61853-4Ed. 1.0
Photovoltaic (PV) modules performance testing and energy rating – Part 4: StandardReference Climatic Profiles
NWIP -
IEC 62109-3Ed. 1.0
Safety of power converter for use in photovoltaic power systems – Part 3: Particularrequirements for PV modules with integrated electronics
ANW 2014-12
IEC 62759-1Ed. 1.0
Transportation testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules – Part 1: Transportation and shippingof PV module stacks
CCDV 2015-02
IEC 62782Ed. 1.0
Dynamic mechanical load testing for photovoltaic (PV) modules ACDV 2015-04
IEC 62804Ed. 1.0
System voltage durability qualification test for crystalline silicon modules 1CD 2014-12
Test and Certification Trends
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 50
Some draft standards status
Test and Certification Trends
No. Name Status
Issuedate
IEC 60904-11Ed. 1.0
Photovoltaic devices – Part 11: Measurement of initial light-induced degradation ofcrystalline silicon solar cells and photovoltaic modules
ANW 2014-03
IEC 62788-1-2Ed. 1.0
Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-2:Encapsulants – Measurement of volume resistivity of photovoltaic encapsulation andbacksheet materials
1CD 2014-12
IEC 62788-1-3Ed. 1.0
Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-3:Encapsulants – Measurement of dielectric strength
ANW 2014-10
IEC 62788-1-4Ed. 1.0
Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-3:Encapsulants – Measurement of optical transmittance and calculation of the solar-weighted photon transmittance, yellowness index, and UV cut-off frequency
ANW 2014-12
IEC 62788-1-5Ed. 1.0
Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-3:Encapsulants – Measurement of change in linear dimensions of sheet encapsulationmaterial under thermal conditions
ACDV 2016-01
IEC 62788-2Ed. 1.0
Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 2: Polymericmaterials used for frontsheets and backsheets
ANW 2015-12
IEC 62790Ed. 1.0
Junction boxes for photovoltaic modules – Safety requirements and tests ADIS 2014-06
IEC 62852Ed. 1.0
Connectors for DC-application in photovoltaic systems – Safety requirements and tests ADIS 2014-06
TÜV SÜD
TÜV SÜD GroupPresented by Zhang ZhulinMar., 2014
TÜV SÜD 21/02/2014 Corporate Presentation Slide 51