Testing Canadian Bred Varieties in Different Climate Zones in the United States

That Mimic Global Climate Zones

Summer 2015

Submitted by:

Ellen Larsen-Kouwenberg

Project Manager

Table of Contents

Purpose and Significance ……………………………………………………………………………... 3

Participants and Collaborators ………………………………………………………………………..

4

Process ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5

Observations and Results:

University of Florida ………………………………………………………………………………

6

North Carolina State University ………………………………………………………………

12

University of California ...............................................................................

17

Texas A& M ...............................................................................................

20

Harrington AAFC..........................................................................................

25

Conclusions ..........................................................................................................

26

Cover Photo: Potato Harvest July 2015, North Carolina State University Potato Research Trials

Purpose and Significance:

In 2008, a Benchmarking Study was commissioned by the Canadian Potato Council, Seed Potato Sub-Committee to

determine the state of competitiveness of Canadian potatoes in the global market place. The study was conducted by

visiting and interviewing various parties in five key markets for Canadian potatoes. One of the recommendations of this

study was:

Continued support for public and private breeders in Canada to develop new protected varieties that better meet the needs of target countries.

In the past there have been many challenges to conducting preliminary trials in target countries; phytosanitary barriers, political unrest, shipping obstacles, financial risk. Various universities in the United States have potato research programs in place and do conduct variety trials as part of this. Some of these locations are representative of various global climate zones and thus the climates of existing and target markets of the Canadian potato industry.

These include:

1. California : Mediterranean climate similar to Lebanon, Algeria, Western Turkey and Greece

2. North Carolina: Short, tough season, selection stress testing, similar to Eastern Europe

3. Texas : Semi-Arid Climate, similar to India, zones of South America

4. Florida : Subtropical climate, similar to Central America, Phillipines

In addition to representing climates from other potential target markets, the US is also an existing market for Canadian

potatoes.

These trials would be the first step in a process which would:

Build data that the breeder could use for registration and variety protection purposes.

Determine the suitability of the varieties tested for production under those climatic conditions.

Build a database of production information that can be used in promoting varieties in suited target markets.

Create a venue by which Canadian breeders (public and private) can work together on determining the suitability of their varieties for production in export markets.

Help the public and private potato breeding community in Canada to build a stable of Canadian bred varieties that Canadian growers could produce to compete as a Canadian brand in the global marketplace.

Four trial cooperators were identified and promising selections solicited from private Canadian breeders and variety agents for inclusion in the project. Seven selections were sent to the 2015 trials.

A PEI trial site was conducted at the AAFC Charlottetown Crops & Livestock Research Centre. This allowed local growers, exporters and breeders an opportunity to evaluate how these varieties grow under local conditions and assess their potential for seed, fresh market use and production for export.

3

Participants and Collaborators:

Canadian Breeder Participants:

McCain Produce Inc.: Gary Hawkins Director Global Variety Innovation McCain Produce Inc. 8734 Main Street Unit 1 Florenceville- Bristol NB E7L 3G6

Hilldale Potato Brian Adams 461 King Kristian Rd, New Denmark, NB E7G 1X2

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agnes Murphy and Benoit Bizimungu Fredericton Research Centre Fredericton , NB

Climate Trial Collaborators – USA:

North Carolina State University: G. Craig Yencho Professor and Program Leader Sweetpotato and Potato Breeding and Genetics Programs Department of Horticultural Science Room 214-A Kilgore Hall, Box 7609 2721 Founders Drive North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7609 Additional Contact: Mark Clough

University of Florida:

Lincoln Zotarelli Research Coordinator, UF/IFAS - Hastings Demonstration Unit Florida Partnership for Water, Agricultural and Community Sustainability PO Box 728 9500 Cowpen Branch Road Hastings, FL 32145

Texas A&M University:

Douglas Scheuring Senior Research Associate Potato and Vegetable Legume Improvement Programs Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M University

College Station, TX 77843-2133

University of California:

Joe Nunez Vegetable/Plant Pathology Advisor UC Cooperative Extension 1031 South Mount Vernon Ave. Bakersfield, CA 93307

4

Process:

The following varieties were couriered to the collaborators in late December 2014.

Canadian Industry Trial (CIT) Confidential Code #

Variety Name/ID # Skin Color Maturity Chief Markets/Use

Submitted on behalf of:

CIT #1 AR2014-02(F09020) Light Yellow Late Chip Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)

CIT #2 AR2014-04 (CV05239-1)

Dark Red Mid-season Fresh-market Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)

CIT #3 AR2014-09 (F08086) Light Yellow Pink Splashes

Late Fresh-market Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)

CIT #4 AR2014-11 (F09038) Dark Red Mid-season Fresh-market Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)

CIT #5 AR2008-12 (Hilldale) Light beige Late -Very late

Fresh-Market Hilldale Potato Inc.

CIT #6 AR-2008-13 (Snowcrisp)

Light beige Late Fresh-Market Hilldale Potato Inc.

CIT #7 Bristol Pride White Mid-Season French Fry/Chip McCain Produce

Each trial location in the USA had an Open House/field day to which the PEI Potato Board received an invite. Due to

staffing conflicts, no Open Houses were attended this past season. Ellen Kouwenberg, Project Manager made a stop to

look at selections in Florida while in the area on other travel. Photos and information from meeting with University of

Florida collaborators are included in this report. The remainder of the information provided in this report is a summary

of trial data submitted by the collaborators.

5

Trial Location: Hastings, Florida

Climate Zone: Subtropical

Target Markets: Central America, Philippines

The trial was conducted at the University of Florida/IFAS Hastings Demonstration Unit Research Farm. The Hastings

Demonstration Unit is part of the University of Florida/IFAS network of research and demonstration farms located

around the state that conducts research on important agricultural and horticultural crops.

Photo: University of Florida. Hastings, Florida. An early look at CIT selections. 50 DAP. March 27, 2015 – photo by Ellen Kouwenberg

6

Observations:

Excerpt from trial report:

The trial was planted in plots one row wide x 16 feet (4.88 m) long (24 hills) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Potato seed pieces were whole and cut tubers weighing approximately 2-2.5 oz, and were hand planted on an 8 inch within row spacing. The trial was harvested with a single-row commercial potato harvester on May 22, 2015 (106 DAP).

Overall growing conditions for the 2015 growing season were rated as fair to good. There was a good distribution of rainfall throughout the season, without large rainfall events. Relative good stands and plant vigor were observed. Overall temperatures were near normal for the season. There was one single freeze event at 16 days after planting before plant emergence. Total and marketable yields were good for most clones tested in this trial. Overall tuber specific gravity was lower than previous years for most of the varieties in this and other trials. There were few incidences of internal defects. The highest total yield was obtained by AR2014-09 at 429 cwt/ac or 48.1 T/ha, and highest marketable yield was obtained by AR2008-12 at 284 cwt/ac or 31.8 T/ha. All Photos were taken 50 days after planting.

AAFC selections:

This selection compared well with the standard Atlantic as they had largely same total yield (323 cwt/ac vs 322 cwt/ac).

It had a low cull score at 4% of total yield, again comparing well to the Atlantic standard which reported 5% culls.

Marketable yield for Atlantic was 262 cwt/acre, while the selection had a slightly lower marketable yield of 256

cwt/acre. Specific gravity was 1.065 in the selection versus 1.061 in Atlantic. Overall appearance was rated 7 out of 9,

versus 6 out of 9 in Atlantic.

7

AR2014-04 had a cull score of 9%, lower that the 12% cull rate seen in the standard Red LaSoda. The selection had an

appearance rating of 6 (good) compared the 7 rating on Red LaSoda. Total yield was greater than the Red LaSoda (261

cwt/acre in the selection vs. 226 cwt/acre in RL) as was marketable yield (188 cwt/acre vs 172 cwt/acre). Specific

gravity was 1.049 for the selection versus 1.049 in the standard.

AR2014-09 had the highest yield in the CIT trials. Total yield was a very strong 429 cwt/acre compared with 206 cwt/acre in the Yukon Gold standard. Marketable yield was 254 cwt/acre versus 164 cwt/acre in the standard. Culls were 3% in the selection and 10% in Yukon Gold, with no internal damage recorded in either. Specific gravity was 1.061 in both. AR2014-09 received an overall appearance rating of 8 out of 9 rating compared with a 7 rating for the standard. 8

The total yield of AR2014-11 was 267 cwt/acre compared to 226 cwt/acre in Red LaSoda. It received an overall appearance score of “8” (7 for Red LaSoda) and specific gravity was 1.060 (1.049 in Red LaSoda). The selection had 1% total culls, noticeably less than the 12% cull rate in the standard variety.

McCain Produce

Bristol Pride

Russet varieties typically do not yield/tuberize well in a sub-tropical climate which has warm nights and days. Goldrush is the only russet type which is regularly grown in this region. Bristol Pride, a cross with the Millennium Russet variety, had a respectable total yield of 336 cwt per acre compared to the standard Atlantic at 322 cwt/acre. Specific gravity was 1.055 compared to 1.061 in Atlantic. Appearance rating was a 7, with a 6 rating given to Atlantic.

9

Hilldale Potato Inc.

AR 2008-12 (Hilldale)

This selection provided the highest marketable yield of the CIT selections at 284 cwt/acre vs 262 cwt/acre in Atlantic. 3% culls were reported at grading compared to 5% for the Atlantic standard. Specific gravity was 1.061 in both the selection and the standard. Overall appearance was a 7 compared to an 8 for Atlantic.

AR 2008-13 (Snowcrisp)

Despite no tubers by 50 DAP, this selection had a total yield 334 cwt/acre and a marketable yield of 251 cwt/acre. Total culls were higher (16%) than the Atlantic standard (5%). Overall appearance was 7 in both the selection and in Atlantic standard.

10

Summary:

University of Florida: Yield and Specific Gravity Comparisons to Standards

Variety Name/ID # Chief Markets/Use Total Yield

Marketable Yield

Size distribution by class % Specific Gravity C B A1 A2 A3

AR 2014-02 (F09020) Chip 323 256 3 14 70 8 4 1.065

AR 2014-04 (CV05239-1)

Fresh-market Red 261 188 5 16 69 4 5 1.054

AR 2014-09 (F08086) Fresh-market 429 254 7 32 61 0 1 1.061

AR 2014-11 (F09038) Fresh-market Red 267 191 6 22 70 2 0 1.060

AR 2008-12 (Hilldale) Fresh-Market 329 284 2 9 67 13 10 1.061

AR 2008-13 (Snowcrisp)

Fresh-Market 334 251 2 9 75 11 4 1.058

Bristol Pride French Fry/Chip 336 248 4 20 71 4 0 1.055

Atlantic Chip 322 262 3 11 67 9 10 1.061

Red LaSoda Fresh-Market 226 172 3 11 65 11 11 1.049

Yukon Gold Fresh-Market 206 164 2 10 71 10 8 1.061

11

Trial Location: Plymouth, North Carolina

Climate Zone: Extreme climate- stress testing conditions

Markets: Eastern Europe

Photo: NCSU Harvest July 20, 2015. Weeds provide shade from the extreme heat - photo by Don Northcott

12

Excerpt from trial report: Planting was late for North Carolina this year, owing to wet field conditions in early March.

Temperatures were mild and rainfall was adequate for the growing season with the exception of the end of June when

temperatures spiked into the mid to upper 30s 0C (34 - 370C) for 11 days. Vines began to decline following this event and

weed pressure increased significantly with the reduced canopy vigor. Total rainfall was 45.1 cm from planting to harvest:

11.5 cm in April, 9.9 cm in May, 15.0 cm in June, and 8.74 cm in July.

“Overall, this was a pretty good trial this year. I think yields were better than they have been. Along those lines, please note in

the report that we changed in row spacing this year. We had been at 9” and went to 10”. This is because we started planting

with a 2 row carousel planter this year. We had a choice to tighten up to 8” or spread to 10”. Spreading to 10” also allowed us

to plant 25 seeds per plot instead of 28 in the same plot length. Another observation is that gravities were low across all trials

this year, from what I understand this has a lot to do with the timing of rain events ahead of harvest.” Mark Clough

AAFC selections:

AR2014-02(F09020)

Atlantic Standard

This chip selection had the lowest total yield in the CIT trial at 234 cwt/acre versus the Atlantic standard of 361 cwt/acre. Specific gravity in this variety was 1.066, compared to chipping standard of 1.071. Culls were 12% in this selection versus 5% in Atlantic. This selection had the highest incidence of heat necrosis at 48% versus only 8% in Atlantic.

AR2014-04 (CV05239-1)

Chieftain Standard:

The total yield of this red selection was 296 cwt/acre compared to the standards of 268 cwt/acre in the Dark Red Norland and 376 cwt/acre in Chieftain. Marketable yield fell to 241 cwt/acre in the selection but exceeded yields of 223 cwt/acre in DR Norland and 190 cwt/acre in Chieftain. This selection had the highest marketable yield in the red variety and standards in the CIT trials. Specific gravity was 1.054, compared with Chieftain at 1.050 and DR Norland at 1.053. Graders rated the selections appearance at the highest rating of “9” or “excellent”.

13

AAFC Selections Continued:

AR2014-09 (F08086)

Yukon Gold standard

This selection had a total yield of 287 cwt per acre, comparing favourably to Yukon Gold which was at 209 cwt per acre. Marketable yield fell to 166 cwt/acre vs Yukon gold at 152 cwt/acre. This is primarily due to the high percentage of culls, at 22%. Overall appearance was rated an 8.6 out of 9 and no internal defects were reported. Specific gravity was 1.053 compared to 1.066 in Yukon Gold.

AR2014-11 (F09038)

Chieftain Standard:

This red selection produced a total yield of 274 cwt/acre compared to the standards at 268 cwt/acre in the Dark Red Norland and 376 cwt/acre in Chieftain. Marketable yield fell to 221 cwt/acre in the selection vs 223 cwt/acre in DR Norland and 190 cwt/acre in Chieftain. There was no sign of internal defects, and cullage was 10% compared to 44% in Chieftain and 9 % in DR Norland. Overall appearance rating was a “9” (maximum score) in the selection and in DR Norland, and a “7.1” in Chieftain.

14

McCain Produce Bristol Pride

Russet Burbank Standard

Total yield for Bristol Pride was 210 cwt/acre, compared with 274 cwt/acre in the Russet Burbank standard and 180 cwt/acre for Shepody. Marketable yields were 147 cwt/ acre for Bristol Pride, compared with 175 cwt/acre for Russet Burbank and 134 cwt/acre for Shepody. Cullage rates were largely consistent at 23% in the Bristol Pride and Russet Burbank and 21% in Shepody. Specific gravity of Bristol Pride was 1.052, compared with 1.057 in Russet Burbank and Shepody. Overall appearance of the selection was 7.8, compared with a 9 rating in the two controls.

Hilldale Potato AR 2008-12 (Hilldale)

Atlantic Standard

This table selection produced a total yield of 236 cwt/acre, compared to 361 cwt/acre in the control variety, Atlantic. Cullage was 28%, compared with only 5 % in Atlantic. Overall appearance in the standard and the selection was an “8” out of 9. Specific gravity was 1.050 in the Hilldale compared with 1.071 in the Atlantic. No internal defects were reported. Chip color rating was 3.5 and Atlantic was 2.0 on a scale which rates 5 as not acceptable and 1 being exceptionally bright with no defects.

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AR 2008-13 (Snowcrisp)

This selection, otherwise known as Snowcrisp, had the highest total yield of all selections in the CIT trials with 321 cwt/acre. The Atlantic standard yielded 361 cwt/acre. Marketable yield was 280 cwt/acre, compared to 332 cwt/acre in Atlantic. Specific gravity was 1.050 versus 1.071 in Atlantic. Chip color rating was an issue at 4.0, compared to Atlantic at 2.0 on a 1 to 5 scale where “1” is the ideal.

Summary:

North Carolina State University:

2015 Yield and Specific Gravity Comparisons to Standards

Variety Name/ID # Chief Markets/Use Total Yield cwt/acre

Marketable Yield

% distribution by class Specific Gravity 1 2 3 4

AR 2014-02 (F09020) Chip 234 189 6 35 46 1 1.066

AR 2014-04 (CV05239-1)

Fresh-market Red

296 241 13 42 37 2 1.054

AR 2014-09 (F08086) Fresh-market 287 166 21 56 1 0 1.053

AR 2014-11 (F09038) Fresh-market Red

274 221 10 51 29 0 1.057

AR 2008-12 (Hilldale)

Fresh-Market 236 151 9 35 29 0 1.050

AR 2008-13 (Snowcrisp)

Fresh-Market 321 280 6 21 63 3 1.050

Bristol Pride French Fry/Chip 210 147 5 39 33 0 1.052

Atlantic Chip 361 332 3 23 63 5 1.071

Chieftain Fresh-Market 376 190 7 24 23 1 1.050

Russet Burbank French Fry 274 175 13 59 5 0 1.057

Dark Red Norland Fresh-Market 268 223 8 37 46 0 1.053

Yukon Gold Fresh-Market 209 152 5 26 43 3 1.066

Size classes : 1’s <1 7/8”; 2’s 1 7/8” – 2 ½ “; 3’s 2 ½ to 3 ¼ “; 4’s 3 ¼ to 4”

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Climate Zone: Mediterranean

Sample Target Markets: Lebanon, Algeria, Western Turkey, Greece

Photo: University of California – Kern Country Variety Trial Field Day, June 11, 2013 – by Ellen Kouwenberg

On Wednesday, June 10, 2015, the California Potato Research Advisory Board and the University of California’s

Cooperative Extension branch held the annual Kern County Potato Field Day.

Close to 200 varieties are trialed at this location. 111 varieties are in the Observational trial. This is made up of material

from Canadian and US potato breeders interested in seeing how their varieties perform in this climate. The trial is not

replicated but made up of just one 20 foot plot.

The Kern County Potato Trial is conducted in a field at Johnston Farms, Edison. The trial is planted by hand. Otherwise,

all normal grower inputs and practices occur over the growing season. At harvest, the tubers are dug with a one row

harvester, picked up and graded by selection, washed and held in cold storage until the field day.

A potato grower’s dinner was held in the evening and was attended by many of the representatives of the field day as

well as local producers from Kern County. Following the dinner, Joe Nunez presented his observations of the trials as

well as results of additional research he is conducting on other commodities.

Being observational trials, only yield data is collected. Photos of the Canadian Industry selections follow, as well as a

summary of yield data.

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Non-exclusive AAFC selections:

AR2014-02 AR2014-04 AR2014-09 AR2014-11

Hilldale McCain Produce

Hilldale AR2008-12 Snowcrisp AR2008-13 Bristol Pride

18

Standards

Red LaSoda Russet Norkotah Yukon Gold

Generally, the CIT selections performed the same or better than the industry standard varieties. AR2014-11, a

red variety, had an astounding 941.2 cwt/acre marketable yield, far exceeding the Red LaSoda (425.7) and

Chieftain (504.7) standards. AR2014-09 also exceeded the other red standards by a large margin. A full listing

of yields and size distribution follows in the table below.

University of California- Observational Trials: Yield Comparisons to Standards

Variety Name/ID # Chief Markets/Use Total Yield Marketable Yield

Size distribution (ounces) cwt/acre

0-4 4-6 6-10 11>

AR 2014-02 (F09020) Chip 504.1 504.1 27.8 343.1 110.3 22.9

AR 2014-04 (CV05239-1) Fresh-market Red 581.3 577.6 29.8 369.3 124.2 54.3

AR 2014-09 (F08086) Fresh-market 402.8 402.8 68.6 299.8 34.3 0

AR 2014-11 (F09038) Fresh-market Red 941.2 941.2 465.7 401.1 65.4 9

AR 2008-12 (Hilldale) Fresh-Market 532.7 532.7 32.7 238.6 168.3 93.1

AR 2008-13 (Snowcrisp) Fresh-Market 397.1 397.1 25.3 236.1 94.8 40.8

Bristol Pride French Fry/Chip 370.1 370.1 23.7 278.6 55.6 12.3

Atlantic Chip 429.1 428.3 27.6 284.5 104.8 11.4

Chieftain Fresh-Market 509.2 504.7 33.7 369.3 97.4 4.3

Russet Norkotah French Fry 332.7 332.7 29.4 250.8 48.8 3.7

Red LaSoda Fresh-Market 425.7 425.7 26.6 327.8 62.3 9.0

Yukon Gold Fresh-Market 385.6 382.6 21.4 251.2 89.5 20.4

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Trial Location: Springlake, Texas

Climate Zone: Semi-Arid

Markets: India, Brazil

Photo: Texas A&M Potato Field Day, July 24, 2013 – photo by Ellen Kouwenberg

The 2015 Annual Potato Field Day for the Texas Potato Variety Development Program of Texas A& M University was held

at the farm of Bruce Barrett, Springlake, Texas, July 30, 2015 The trials were conducted in a Russet Burbank field of the

Barretts who provided all the same inputs and irrigation at the same time and in the same manner as the Russet

Burbank variety.

Trials were planted in two, 5 hill plots. One row was dug and the others were not to gain an appreciation for plant vigor

through the growing season.

20

AAFC selections: AR 2014-02 (F09020)

This chip selection had a higher yield total yield than the standard. The total yield on this selection was 196.9 cwt/acre versus 178.7 cwt/acre in the Atlantic standard. Visual inspection of Atlantic reported an oblong shape, with a more desirable rounder shape in this selection. Specific gravity was 1.073 in the selection compared to 1.085 for Atlantic. Collaborator Notes: high yield, nice shape, nice, smooth skin, some flat, nice size, vascular discoloration.

AR 2014-04 (F07043)

This red selection had a higher total yield then Red LaSoda. However, close to 50% of graded tubers were lower than 4 ounces. That said, the total cwt/acre at US #1 grade exceeded that of Chieftain (137.1 cwt/acre vs 94.6). Its rating at grading was slightly above Chieftain and Red LaSoda standards. Specific gravity was 1.070 with Chieftain and Red LaSoda being 1.062 and 1.068, respectively. 38% of the vines were dead at harvest date versus 9% and 3% of Chieftain and Red LaSoda, thus further sizing on smalls would be unlikely. Collaborator Notes : Best of Trial for red/yellow flesh, small, heavy set, nice skin and yellow flesh.

AR 2014-09 (F08086)

This selection had the lowest total US #1 yield in the Canadian trial at 138.1 cwt/acre compared to 207.1 cwt/acre for the Yukon Gold standard. 71.5% of its total yield was under 4 oz. However, only 3% of the vines were dead, which may indicate a later maturity and opportunity for sizing. Specific gravity was 1.067 vs. 1.073 in Yukon Gold. With poor internals and poor shape, we can conclude that this selection did not fare well in the 2015 Texas climate. Collaborator Notes: red splash, poor internals, nice flesh, poor shape, small.

21

AR 2014-11 (F09038):

This red selection had the highest total yield in the trial at 273.8 cwt/acre, and was also better then all standards for toal yield. US #1 grade yield was 159.2 cwt/acre, a bit less than the 171 cwt/acre US #1 yield for Red LaSoda. It received the highest grading rating of the CIT trials, with graders noting a nice shape and yellow flesh. 42% of the total yield was less than 4 ounce. Specific gravity was 1.075 in the selection, compared with 1.062 in the Red LaSoda standard.

Hilldale Potato Inc.

AR2008-12 (Hilldale)

This selection had 8.6 tubers per plant compared to Atlantic which had 5.2 tubers per plant. Hilldale had a high total yield of 251.3 cwt/acre but had a marketable yield (US #1 grade) of just 70 cwt/acre. 114.4 cwt was in the under 4 ounce size category, and 66.9 cwt was culled. Specific Gravity was 1.067, compared with 1.085 for Atlantic. Hilldale experience a large number of off-type tubers and internal defects, indicated lack of suitability to this growing climate. Collaborator Notes: variable size, heat sprouts, chain tubers, poor internals, low yield, small, vascular discoloration, sticky stolon.

AR2008-13 (Snowcrisp)

Snowcrisp had a total yield of 161.1 cwt/acre, compared with 178.7 cwt/acre for Atlantic. However, the marketable yield was 109.9 cwt/acre, higher than Atlantic at 90.9 cwt/acre. No culls were reported in the selection. 87.8 cwt/acre was under 4 ounce in Atlantic, compared with a more favourable 51.2 cwt/acre in the selection. Specific gravity was 1.070, compared with 1.085 for Atlantic. Collaborator Notes: Very early, white flesh, nice shape and skin, low yield.

22

McCain Produce

Bristol Pride:

The total yield for this selection was 172.9 cwt/acre. 54.8 cwt/acre was US #1 grade as opposed to 90.9 in the Atlantic standard. 86.6 cwt/acre was under 4 ounces. Specific gravity was 1.063 compared with 1.085 for Atlantic. Collaborator Notes: drop, poor shape, pointed, skinny.

Chip Results: Process: One .05" slice per tuber, at least 10 tubers per rep, three reps, 1 min 25 sec, 365oF corn oil.

AR 2014-02 Hilldale Bristol Pride

Controls:

Atlantic: Snowden:

23

Chip scoring chart:

Variety

Specific Gravity

% solids

ChipColor2 at Grading

Good/Bad Chip Ratio at Grading

CIT #1 1.073 15.6 1 21/18

Atlantic 1.085 17.6 1 21/18

CIT #5 1.067 14.4 1 0/41

CIT #7 1.063 13.7 1 22/19 21=light, 3+=very dark

Texas A&M: Yield and Specific Gravity Comparisons to Standards 2015

Variety Name/ID # Chief Markets/Use Total Yield

Marketable Yield US #1 (4 – 18 oz)

Distribution cwt/acre Specific Gravity Under 4

oz 4-6 oz 6-10

oz 10-18 oz Over

18 oz

AR2014-02 (F09020)

Chip 196.9 107.7 89.2 70.7 37 0 0 1.073

AR2014-04 (CV05239-1)

Fresh-market Red

254.8 137.1 117.7 64.3 62.9 9.9 0 1.070

AR2014-09 (F08086)

Fresh-market 138.1 39.4 98.7 30.6 8.8 0 0 1.067

AR2014-11 (F09038)

Fresh-market Red

273.8 159.2 114.6 97 59.3 2.9 0 1.075

AR2008-12 (Hilldale)

Fresh-Market 251.3 70 114.4 55.3 13.1 1.6 0 1.067

AR-2008-13 (Snowcrisp)

Fresh-Market 161.1 109.9 51.2 49.4 57.9 2.6 0 1.070

Bristol Pride French Fry/Chip 172.9 54.8 86.6 40.4 14.3 0 0 1.063

Atlantic Chip 178.7 90.9 87.8 41.8 45.6 3.5 0 1.085

Red LaSoda Fresh Market-Red 243.2 171 57.6 49.6 93.5 27.8 0 1.062

Chieftain Fresh-Market Red

174.9 94.6 80.4 50.5 41 3.1 0 1.068

Yukon Gold Fresh Market Yellow

207.1 121 86.1 49.8 62.9 8.3 0 1.073

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Trial at AAFC Harrington:

In an effort to compare results from these varieties at the four experimental sites with expected response under Prince

Edward Island growing conditions, these selections were included in the annual variety trial conducted for the Prince

Edward Island Potato Board by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada at the Harrington Research Farm, under the

supervision of David Main.

Individual plots consisted of single rows, 25 feet long, with 3 foot between-row spacing. Red skinned, Chip, and Yellow

varieties were seeded at 10 inch row spacing. Russet varieties were seeded at 12 inch row spacing. Fertilizer (17-17-17)

was banded at 1000 kgs/ha , and all necessary crop protection methods were practiced. Selections were planted on

May 29th and were harvested on October 13th. Vines were dessicated with diquat on September 21st and 25th.

Key results are included in the table below:

Selection Category Small Canada #1 Large Cull Total Yield Specific Gravity

AR2014-04 Red 77.6 258.7 21.4 25.9 382.7 1.0678

AR2014-09 Yellow 252.5 95.5 0 27.7 375.6 1.0768

AR2014-11 Red 152.6 145.4 0 14.3 313.2 1.0812

Bristol Pride Russet 57.1 195.4 0 12.5 265.9 1.0772

Hilldale Chip 78.5 218.6 1.2 21.4 319.4 1.0721

Snowcrisp Chip 52.6 288.2 10.7 7.1 358.7 1.0808

Norland Red 106.2 182.0 0 19.6 307.8 1.0703

Yukon Gold Yellow 23.2 224.8 0 5.4 254.3 1.0847

Goldrush Russet 68.7 238.2 0 17.8 325.6 1.0848

Atlantic Chip 62.5 270.3 4.5 8.0 346.2 1.0864

Both of the red selections (AR2014-04 and AR2014-11) out yielded the red standard variety (Norland), with AR2014-04

producing a significantly higher total and marketable yield.

AR2014-09 had substantially higher total yield than the yellow flesh standard (Yukon Gold), but the largest proportion of

that yield was in tubers smaller than Canada #1 grade. It also had notably lower specific gravity than Yukon Gold.

Bristol Pride had a much lower total yield and marketable yield than the fresh market russet standard (Goldrush), as well

as a lower specific gravity.

Snowcrisp out yielded the chip standard (Atlantic) for both total and marketable yield. Hilldale finished behind Atlantic

for both total and marketable yield. Both varieties did not match Atlantic for specific gravity.

25

Conclusions:

Summary of Response compared to Standard Varieties in Four Trial Locations in 2015:

Variety Type

Florida North Carolina California Texas

% Diff from

Standard Total Yield

% Diff from

Standard Market.

Yield

% Diff from

Standard Total Yield

% Diff from

Standard Market.

Yield

% Diff from

Standard Total Yield

% Diff from

Standard Market.

Yield

% Diff from

Standard Total Yield

% Diff from

Standard Market.

Yield

AR2014-02 Chip White 0 -2 -35 -43 +17 +18 +10 +19

AR2014-04 Fresh Red +15 +9 -21 +27 +14 +14 +5 -20

AR2014-09 Fresh Yellow +108 +55 +37 +9 +4 +5 -33 -67

AR2014-11 Fresh Red +18 +11 -27 +16 +85 +86 +13 -7

Hilldale Fresh White +2 +8 -35 -55 +61 +60 +40 -23

Snowcrisp Fresh White +4 -4 -11 -16 +19 +19 -10 +21

Bristol Pride Fry/Chip White +4 -5 -42 -56 +11 +11 -3 -40

AR2014-02 (compared to standard variety Atlantic)

This selection performed slightly above standard in the drier climates of California and Texas, and performed

significantly below standard in the extreme heat and humidity of North Carolina.

AR2014-04 (compared with highest yielding red standard in each location – Red Lasoda, Chieftain, DR Norland)

This selection finished with more total yield than the highest yielding red standard at 3 out of 4 test sites, and also

finished ahead of standard for marketable yield at 3 out of 4 test sites. The most consistent response was seen in

Florida and California for this variety.

AR2014-09 (compared with standard variety Yukon Gold)

This selection finished with more total yield than that standard at 3 out of 4 test sites, with particularly strong

performance in the more humid climates of North Carolina and Florida. While it did not perform well at all in Texas, this

selection may be valuable for climates where water availability is not an issue.

AR2014-11 (compared with highest yielding red standard in each location – Red LaSoda, Chieftain, DR Norland)

This selection exceeded the highest yielding red standard at three of four test locations for both total yield and

marketable yield. In California, this selection produced an astounding 941 cwt/acre, an 86% increase in marketable yield

from the standard. In the one location where it did not outperform the best red standard (Texas), it was only lower in

yield by 7%. This indicates strong performance across variable climate types for this red variety.

Hilldale (compared with Atlantic in FL/NC/TX, Russet Norkotah in CA)

Performance of this selection was highly variable across regions. It did not perform well in North Carolina and was lower

than the standard for marketable yield in Texas. However, it had a large advantage in marketable yield (+60%) over the

standard variety in California and was comparable with the standard in Florida.

Snowcrisp (compared with Atlantic in FL/NC/TX, Russet Norkotah in CA)

Similarly to Hilldale, performance for this selection was variable across regions, although all variation was within plus or

minus 21% of the standard across the 4 regions. Best performance for marketable yield was seen in California and

Texas.

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Bristol Pride (compared with Atlantic in FL/TX, Russet Burbank in NC, Russet Norkotah in CA)

This selection only outperformed the standard variety in one location (California). It performed below the standard

variety for marketable yield in North Carolina (-16%), Texas (-40%) and Florida (-5%), making this variety less of a viable

candidate for future export to warm climate countries.

Overall, the two best performing varieties in this study were two of the AAFC selections, AR2014-011 and AR2014-09.

These results will be used to assess the value of exploring these accelerated release selections for commercial

production and potential export.

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