testing considerations for beyond 10gigabit v4fia-online.co.uk/pdf/presentation/testing... · osp...

David Zambrano, JDSU

Testing Considerations for Beyond 10Gigabit

© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 2

Today’s agenda

§ Introduction– Need for Speed & Growth of IP traffic– Fiber vs. Copper

§ Fiber considerations– Tightening requirements– Testing considerations and practices

§ Copper considerations– Current Cabling Standards: update– Testing requirements

§ Conclusion– Pro-active testing/certification

Introduction


Traffic Milestones and Generators


Enterprise Network – Now and Future

Workspace Devices

Servers

Storage

SAN SwitchesSAN

LAN

Core Switching/Routing

Distribution/Aggregation Switching/Routing

Access Switching

Access Switching

100/1000M/10GbE

1/10/40GbE

1/10/40/100 GbE

1/10/40GbE

1/10/40/100GbE

4/8/16M Fibrechannel

WAN/Internet

Which links will be electrical?Which links will be optical?


Fiber

Copper

Ethernet – Electrical vs. Optical Timelines

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

10BASE-T

10BASE-F

100B

ASE-TX

100B

ASE-FX

1000

BASE-T

1000

BASE-X

10GBASE-X

10GBASE-T

40/10

0GBASE-X


Copper– Known and understood– Easy to install/terminate– Easy for MACs– PoE– Backwards compatible

to lower speeds

Copper vs. Fiber - What is the path forward?

Fiber– Newer/less understood– Harder to

install/terminate – Port/conduit density– Secure – Longer runs

§ Heat?§ Power?§ Port Density?

Fibre considerations


Ethernet Specific Performance Requirements

Note: Ethernet standards limit 1GbE to 550 m and 10GbE to 300m. Some vendors allow greater distances

Cable Type

Wavelength 1GbE 10GbE 40 /100GbE

Loss (dB) Length (m)

Loss (dB)

Length (m)

Loss (dB)

Length (m)

OM1 8501300

2.62.3

275550

2.42.5

33300

n/an/a

n/an/a

OM2 8501300

3.62.3

550550

2.32.0

82300

n/an/a

n/an/a

OM3 8501300

4.52.3

1000550

2.62.0

300300

1.9n/a

100n/a

OM4 8501300

4.82.3

1100550

3.12.0

550300

1.5n/a

150n/a


§ Slope

§ Max allowed loss per connector/splice– .75 dB per connector– .3 dB per splice

Generic Fiber Performance Requirements

Cable Type 850 nm 1300 nm 1310 nm 1550 nmOM1 3.5 dB/km 1.5 dB/km n/a n/aOM2 3.5 dB/km 1.5 dB/km n/a n/aOM3 3.5 dB/km 1.5 dB/km n/a n/aOM4 3.5 dB/km 1/5 dB/km n/a n/aOS1 LAN n/a n/a 1.0 dB/km 1.0dB/kmOSP n/a n/a 0.5 dB/km .05 dB/km


§ Multiple fibres in linear array (more fibres in same space!)– 8,12,24,48, etc.– MTP is an enhanced MPO connector

§ Often used in breakout cassette

§ Or used direct– 12 fibres (40G - 4 lanes, 8 active fibres)– 24 fibres (100G - 10 lanes, 20 active fibres)

Multi-Fibre Push-on/Pull-off (MPO) intro


§ Things to Consider:– Application loss

requirements are for the channel – not the PL

– Use of MPO cassettes adds connections (and associated loss)

Typical Enterprise Fiber Installation

Optical Patch Panel

Optical Patch Panel

Router in Data Center

Switch in Telecom Room

Fiber Pair between DC and TRTypically multiple pairs

Duplex Fiber Patch Cord Duplex Fiber Patch Cord


§ Poor end-face condition creates excessive loss at connectors

§ TIA-568 Annex E (new) calls on IEC 61300-3-35– IEC 61300-3-35 provides PASS/FAIL requirements for

connector end-face quality

Fiber Connector Inspection


TIA568-C update: Connector End-face Quality

• End faces on test cords shall be accordance to IEC 61300-3-35• Use a microscope that is compatible with IEC 61300-3-35• The microscope must use adapters that are compatible with connectors

• TIA-526-14-B Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Multimode Fibre Cable Plant

• TIA-526-7Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Single-Mode Fibre Cable Plant

The test procedures specified by 568-C require tools and procedures for ensuring connector quality

The next update of 568-C will include explicit details about the inspection requirements in Annex E (testing)

New!!


MTP Connector Inspection – Test!

§ Test: MTP – Single mode Angled Polish (APC)§ Question: Does this connector pass or fail the specification?

ZONE SCRATCHES DEFECTS

A. CORE(0–25μm)

=> 4μm None

B. CLADDING(25–115μm)

No limit No limit < 2μm5 from 2–5 μmNone > 5μm

IEC 61300-3-35 – Table 4

§ Particles in Zone B >5µm (FAIL)

>5um


If a critical connection is affected, the impact can be exponential

Exponential Impact

Image property of CommScope

CONTAMINATION is the #1 source of troubleshooting in optical networks


§ Length and Loss

– TIA “generic” limits provide basic pass/fail

– Increasing need to know what applications are supported

– Application-based pass/fail – Length and overall loss

Tier 1 Fiber Certification


§ Improper referencing leads to incorrect results– What is the condition of the test jumpers?– What is the right number of fibers to use when referencing? – Never disconnect the TX after reference!– Dealing with connector mis-matches (SC/LC)

Tier 1 Fiber Certification – Referencing

Light Source Power Meter

Power Meter Light Source

Test Jumpers Test Jumpers

Fiber plant under Test

One Fiber

Two Fiber

Three Fiber

Connections included in results due to reference method


§ Overall loss is more accurate than OTDR – If done correctly!

§ Testing MPO cables requires fan-out cable

§ Launch Conditions into MM– CPR (yesterday)– Encircled Flux (tomorrow)


EF NOT OK EF Modal Controller

EF Compliant Set-Up


§ OTDR trace: shows the loss per event (connectors, etc) and overall slope loss. PASS/FAIL per event.


Event Loss

Max 0.75dB

Fiber Loss Slope850 nm: 3.5 dB/km1300 nm: 1.5 dB/km1310/1550 nm : 1.0 dB/km

Event Loss

Max 0.3dB


§ Launch cable needed to see first connector– Launch cable length a function of

attenuation dead zone, which is a function of pulsewidth

Tier 2 Fiber Certification – Launch and Tail

§ Non-reflective tail needed to see last connector– For MM, use a PC-APC jumper – Condition of launch and tail jumper critical


§ Condition of OTDR connector critical

§ Two connectors close together may not both be seen (think MPO cassette)



§ Link dropping between two 10G switches§ Overall budget allowable by the system was 9 dB§ Installer was inspecting and cleaning randomly and spent hours trying to find the issue§ A simple OTDR shot could show that connection #5 was the problem

Real troubleshooting case using an OTDR

Copper considerations


Evolution of Copper Cabling and Ethernet

100Mhz 250Mhz 500Mhz 600Mhz 1000Mhz

Cat-6/Class E

Cat-5e

Cat-6A/Class EA

(Cat-7)/Class F

(Cat-7A)/Class FA

Level IIeLevel III

Level IIIeLevel IV

Tester Accuracy

1995

1999

1999

2002

2002

2006

2007

2009

Soon?


§ Power budgets have gone from 10W to 4W and are expected to hit 2.5W in the next 12-24 months

§ Major network equipment vendors have added 10GBASE-T ports to their offerings

§ Server adapters readily available and lower cost§ Energy efficient Ethernet has significantly lowered to power

requirements and allowed a low-power mode

Where is 10GBASE-T Today?

“In the data center 10GBASE-T will grow from only 4% of media in 2010 to 44% in 2013”Source: Intel


§ February 2011: Approved Project to develop next gen cabling for copper data rates beyond 10G

§ Expected to create a new category of cabling (twisted –pair) including field test requirements

§ Data center focus – shorter runs for end-of-row environment§ Backwards compatible with RJ45 allows migration path from

1/10GbE§ Early view is such cabling would need to support 2000MHz

of bandwidth!

TIA TR 42.7 Next Gen Cabling: The Race towards 40GBASE-T


Field Testing Bandwidth for 40G Over Copper

Field testing bandwidth will be stretched more than two-folds!!


Key Technical Issues for 40G Over Copper

Issue MitigationData rate stretches Shannon Capacity of available cabling types

- Use higher bandwidth

- Current discussions at TIA, ISO, and IEEE range from 1600 to 2000 MHz



Issue MitigationPHY devices in the network cards become too hot trying to remove impairments in signal

Higher category cabling systems have far less impairments

These cables may relieve some work of PHY devices and let them remain cooler



Issue MitigationInsertion Loss at high frequencies degrade signal too much

This may require standards to specify shorter lengths than 100m.Not a big issue for data centers because large proportions of copper links already less than 50m


§ Field testing has been limited to lower frequencies– BALUN

• raises noise floor, frequency limitation, poor temperature performance, required regular referencing

– Clock jitter– Sampling rate limitations– Unavailability of precision low cost wideband sources

§ Newer designs have solved these problems

§ Some field testers available today have the ability to test proposed frequencies

Tester Bandwidth Challenge

Conclusion


Pro-Active Testing of Infrastructure

§ The “need for speed” continues unabated– Data centers and enterprise networks need to keep

pace

§ Now – more than ever – the physical media needs to be pro-actively tested and certified

§ Fiber end-face condition is the leading cause of excessive loss – End-face inspection is critical– MPO connectors are particularly critical

§ Copper cables will soon exceed 1GHz – field testing must keep up


Certifier40GNext Generation Copper

and Fiber Certification

ESAM Module for MTS-4000Modular indepth network analysis

ValidatorPRO familyEveryday use

change management

P5000i probeMicroscope

Handheld automated PASS/FAIL

Fiber Essentials Tool KitIntegrated inspections, cleaning

and testing

T-BERD/MTS 2000Compact Quad OTDR

T-BERD/MTS 4000Modular upgradeable Quad OTDR

Copper & Fibre Cabling Certification ToolsCopper & Fibre Cabling Certification Tools

Active Network Test & TroubleshootingActive Network Test & TroubleshootingConnector End-face InspectionConnector End-face Inspection

JDSU Solutions for Enterprise Networks

Questions?Thank you!

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