testing engineer management system

7/30/2019 Testing Engineer Management system

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TEMS Investigation for GSM

INDEX

1) Understanding Signalling Channel Coding

a) Channel Coding of Speech Signalb) Interleavingc) Silence Descriptor (SID Frame)

d) Full and Sub Values (Rx Qual, BER, FERDTX Downlink Rate)2) Starting TEMS Investigation GSM

a) User Interfaceb) Connecting External Equipmentsc) Recording Functions

d) Loading Mapse) Presentation Windows

i. Radio Parameters

ii. Current Channelf) Signalling Window

g) System Information (Type 1 - Type 8)h) Call Assignment

? Mobile Originating Call / Mobile Terminating Call

? Location Update

? Disconnect

? Handovers3) Analysis of Drive Test data

a) Export Logfileb) Setup Settingsc) Map Info Conversiond) Create Thematic Map

Additional

Signaling

a) Signaling Layer 3

1) Connection Management sub layeri. Call Control

ii. Short Message Service Supportiii. Supplementary Services Support

2) Mobility Management sub layeri. Registration messagesii. Security messages

iii. Connection Management messages3) Radio Resource Management

b) Signaling Layer 2

c) Signaling Layer 1


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Signaling Channel Coding

Channel coding of Speech signal

1) First speech is sampled and segmented into blocks of 20 ms2) Then it is compressed in speech coder to consist 260 bits.3) 260bits divided into three different classes

a) Very Important bits (50 bits)b) Important bits (132 bits)c) Not so important bits (78bits)

Channel coding (Full Rate Traffic Speech Signal)

After Channel coder, 456 Output bits are Interleaved and segmented into Bursts, these are sendover air Interface.

At receiver end Channel decoder will transform 456 bits to 260 bits, these will pass throughspeech decoder and output of 20ms speech signal will be retrieved

Channel Coder 456 Output bits (Interleaved and segmented into Bursts)

Air Interface (456 Bits)

20 ms Speech Speech Decoder 260 Bits Channel Decoder


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Channel Coding (Signalling): All Information bits are protected by FIRE codefor error detection and all information bits are convolution coded.

Channel coding of signaling on Control channels

1) Now both speech and signaling frames are in 456 bits / frame.2) 456bits are split into 8 parts = 57 bits each

456 bits

57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57

Burst: Data Stream transmitted in one time slotA normalburst can contain 2 Blocks of 57 bits

TAIL(3) DATA(57) FACCH

FLAG(1)

TSC(26) FACCH

FLAG(1)

DATA(57) TAIL(3) GUARD

(8.25)

Interleaving

Speech is interleaved over 8 half bursts; SACHCH is interleaved over 4 whole bursts.

E.g. a to z is speech frames and 'A' is a SACCH block as shown in the figure

? Half part of 'a' speech frame is transmitted over previous SACCH multiframe

? 'z' frame will be finished on next SACCH frame.


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SPEECH FRAME Mapping on SACCH (4 x 26 TCH multi Frame) fig: (SF1)

? Four SACCH time slot = SACCH Block (contains system information BSMS,measurementreport on Uplink channel)

? IDLE time slots used for searching SCH (synchronization channel) burst onNeighboring cells holding the timing and BSIC value of the cell

.

Now each burstlasts 0.577 ms(exactly 15/26 ms) and thus eight bursts last 4.615 ms

0.577 ms 4.615 ms

1 Time slot 8 time Slots for 8 users

1 SACCH period = 4.615 x 104 bursts (4X26 =104 BURSTS)

= 480ms

Silence Descriptor (SID frame):as shown in the figure nhalf bursts are silence

descriptor frame? It is used when DTX (Discontinuous Transmission) is active and it

contains parameters representing background noise on the microphone.

? VAD (voice activity detector) continuously monitor each speech framecontaining 20 ms of speech.

? If VAD finds asilent frame, it analyzesbackground noise in speechframe and creates a SID frame which will replace the original silent

speech frame.

? As long as VAD does not detect any speech, one SID frame per SACCHmultiframe will be sent.

FULL and SUB valuesFULL values are based on all frames on SACCH multiframe whether they are transmitted fromBS or not

If DTX is used on DL the FULL value is invalidin that period and will give highBER,because they includebit error measurementsin that period where nothing has been sent.

SUB value is based on mandatory frames (always must be transmitted) on SACCHmultiframe. "SACCH Block 'A' bursts, and SID frame 'n'bursts" as shown in fig SF1


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RX Qual:

Value: 0 to 7Each value corresponds to estimated number of bit errors in number of bursts.

RX Qual BER (Bit error rate)

qua 0 (BER < 0.2%)qua 1 (BER 0.2-0.4%)

qua 2 (BER 0.4-0.8%)

qua 3 (BER 0.8-1.6%)

qua 4 (BER 1.6-3.2%)

qua 5 (BER 3.2-6.4%)

qua 6 (BER 6.4-12.8%)

qua 7 (BER >12.8%0)

BER is calculated over four 26 Multiframes (1 SACCH Multiframe), on each TCH block(8/2 = 4 TCHbursts) and on SACCH block (4 SACCH bursts).

? For each TCH block 378class1 bits are used(50(Most Imp bits) + 3 (CRC) + 132 Important bits + 4 tail bits) x (coded @ 1/2)

? SACCH block 456bits are used.? If TCH blockis replaced by FACCH message, instead of 378,456bits are used

Number ofTCH bits = (No of 26 Multiframes ) x (No of TCH blocks per 26 Multiframes ) x

(No of bits per TCH blocks )

= (4 x 6 x 378)

i.e. (4 x 6 x 378) + 456)= 9528bits on each SACCH multiframe if TCH channel

and3 x 456= 1368bits ifSDCCH channel

BER (Bit Error Rate) :After Channel decoder decoded 456 bit block, it is coded again andcompare with 456 bits Input and the number of bits that differ in comparing both blocksresults in BER.

(Bit errors are accumulated in BER sum for each SACCH Multiframe; this bit error SUM is

divided total number of bits per SACCH Multiframe and classified (07)).

FER (Frame Erasure Rate) {0 to 100%} :

FER is based on number of blocks that have been discarded due to error in CRC (Cyclicredundancy check: - (Protects 50 most important bits))

FER(%) = (No. of Blocks with incorrect CRC / Total No of Blocks) x 100

FER Full

Total number of blocks on full rate TCH channel = 24 TCH + 1 SACCH = 25 Blocks

FER Full (%) = (No of blocks with incorrect CRC / 25) x 100


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E.g. FER 1

As shown in fig 'f', 'i', 'k' frames have incorrect CRC.

FER Full (%) = (3 / 25) x 100 = 12%

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mn mn mn mn no no no no op op op op AA pq pq pq pq qr qr qr qr rs Rs rs rs II

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E.g. FER 2

If 'f', 'i', 'k' and 'A' frames have incorrect CRCFER Full = (4 / 25) x 100 = 16%

FER SUB

Total number ofmandatory blocks on full rate TCH Channel = 1TCH + 1 SACCH = 2

BlocksIn e.g. FER 2. as shown in the figure If 'f', 'i', 'k' and 'A' frames have incorrect CRC

FER SUB only counts SACCH ('A') and SID ('n') frames. So there is an error in 'A ' butthere is no error in 'n'

FER SUB = (1 / 2) x 100 = 50%

DTX Downlink Rate : This Indicates that how many TCH frames were not sent to MS duringlast SACCH multiframe, thisvary from 0 to 96%

Cannever be 100%because frame containing SID information must be sent for each SACCHmultiframe .

DTX DL Rate (%) = (No of silent blocks / total No of Blocks) x 100

Each SACCH Multiframe has24 TCH frames , so total No of blocks = 24

It is an Indication whether DTX DL is used in GSM Networks as there is no parameter in GSM to

tell mobile if DTX DL is used or not

If DTX rate is very high for whole period of time during a call there could be a silent callproblem in the network


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Any problem with silent call located before the voice activity detector (VAD) in the Transcoderunit (TRAU) in Base station subsystem (BSS) can be found using DTX DL rate information

element.


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STARTING TEMS INVESTIGATION

TEMS Investigation is an air interface test tool for real -time diagnostics.You can monitor voice channels as well as data transfer over GPRS, circuits witched (CSD) orhigh-speed circuit-switched (HSCSD) connections.

Starting TEMS Investigation

Choose Start > Programs > TEMS Products > TEMS Investigation GSM .

User Interface

Workspace and Worksheets

This will store window settings in your workingsession

ToolbarsTo access the central Functions

Navigator

To open presentation windows, Threshold values there presentation colors canbe changed from here

Menu

Status

This will display symbols and short messages which indicate the current statusof the application


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Connecting External Equipments

SemiAutomatic Enabling: Using the Identify Equipment Function

Connect the TEMS mobile station to a COM port.

Identify Equipment: application starts to scan the selected COM ports for

external devices

For TEMS mobiles, TEMS and DATA cables are detected as separate units

The TEMS cable will be designated by " MSn " and the DATA cable by "DCn ",where "n" is always identical for the two cables connected to the same mobile.

Scanners are named " MSn " and GPS units " PSn ".The detected devices are automatically enabled, but not connected; this state is

indicated by a redlightsymbol to the left of each device

Manual Enabling : Adding One Device at a Time

Select Add Equipment

Select the correct COM port

Select the type of external device

R520m" for the TEMS cable, and choose

"R520m Data Cable" for the DATA cable.

The two cables will be treated as different

devices in TEMS Investigation.


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Connecting External Equipment

Connect the Equipment

Connect All the Connections

Disconnecting External Equipment

Disconnect Connection

Disconnect all Connections

RECORDING LOGFILES

Start recording

Mention the path to store the recorded logfile.

Recording functions

File marks are text strings which can be inserted manually in a logfile to mention the special

event noticed during drive Test and that can be easily find out while replaying the Log Files.


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LOADING MAPS IN TEMS

1. Open the MAP window and click OPEN MAP

2. Select the Map Info File from the respective location.

3. Select MapInfo site and cell file

4. Select layer control for making changes in visibility of the selected MapInfo files.


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Presentation WindowWe can select many more windows like AMR parameter windows, MAP on GSM windowaccording to our need and convenience.

Serving + Neighbors

Current Channel

Line Chart

Radio Parameters

Serving + Neighbors :

Shows BSIC, ARFCN and RxLev for the serving cell and its neighboring cells, with theserving cell at the top and the neighbors below it, sorted by signal strength in descending

order.

DEDICATED MODE


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Cell Name : Cell site Describes in cell file.

? ARFCN : (Allocated radio frequency channel)

? BSIC : Base Station Identification code.? RxLev : Receiving Level in dBm.

? C1 & C2 : Cell path loss parameter and cell reselection parameter. (In idle mode).

? C31 & C32 : GPRS signal strength threshold and GPRS cell ranking criterion. Validin both packet idle and packet dedicated mode.

IDLE MODE

C1 : PATHLOSS PARAMETER

Radio Criteria C1 = (AMax (B, 0))

A = Received Level Average - p1B = p2 - Maximum RF Power of the Mobile Station

p1 = rxLevelAccessMinp2 = msTxPowerMaxCCH

C2 : CELL RESELECTION PARAMETER

C2 = C1 + cellReselectOffset temporaryOffset x H(penaltyTimeT) when penaltyTime640

Or

C2 = C1 cellReselectOffset when penaltyTime=640

H(x) =1 when x>=0

H(x) =0 when x


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RADIO PARAMETERS

Gives the status of the radio link(current BCCH , signal strength, FER(Frame Erasure Rate), BER (BitError Rate), SQI ( speech quality Index), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), TA (Timing Advance).

RX LEV : Channel RxLev (dBm) (-120 . . . -10dBm)Measured signal strength level for current channel.

RX QUAL : Voice quality measured onBER (0 . . . 7)

FER : Frame Erasure Rate(Percentage of frames being dropped due to high number of non -corrected bit errors in the frame).

BER Actual : (Number of bit errors / Number of bits transmitted)

SQI : Speech Quality Index.SQI updated at 0.5 s intervals. Computed on basis of BER and FER.

MS Power Control Level :

Power control (0 to 8) depending upon network design.E.g. 0 means no power control, 1 means level that is defined by operatorviz. 2 dBm

DTX : Discontinuous transmission (DTX)

Radio transmitter switched off during speech pauses. It reduces thepower consumption of the transmitter & decreases overall interferencelevel on the radio channels affecting the capacity of the network..

TA : Timing Advance.

Base station calculates from access bursts and sends to the mobile station(MS) enabling the MS to advance the timingof its transmissions to the BSso as to compensate for propagation delay.


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CURRENT CHANNEL

Time : System time of computer.

Cell name : Displays name of serving sector (from cell file that is loaded in TEMS).

CGI : Cell Global IdentityUnique for every sector of the site.

CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI.

MCC : Mobile Country Code 0 - 999 (e.g. 404 India),MNC : Mobile Network Code 0 - 99 (e.g. 98)

LAC : Location Area Code 0 -65535 (e.g. 5129)

CI : Cell Identity 0 - 65535 (e.g. 2723).

Cell GPRS Support : Sector GPRS enable or not. (Yes / No).

Band : Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.

BCCH ARFCN : Broad Cast Channel - Allocated Radio Frequency Channel.

TCH ARFCN : Traffic Channel (Frequency).

BSIC : (Base Station Identity Code)

BSIC = NCC (Network Color Code 07) + BCC (Base Station Color Code 07)

Time slot : Current TCH. (Time slot number ofTRX).


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Channel Type : Current Channel ofmobileE.g. BCCH / SDCCH/8 + SACCH/C8 or CBCH / TCH/F +FACCH/F +SACCH/F.

Channel Mode : Mode of coding (e.g. Speech Full Rate or Half Rate).

Speech Codec :

FR = Full Rate,

HR = Half Rate &

EFR = Enhanced Full Rate.

Ciphering Algorithm : Ciphering algorithm used by the system SecurityE.g. Cipher byA5/2.

Sub Channel Number : SDCCH of MS out of 8 available. E.g. = 2.

Hopping Channel : Hopping available or not on particular Sector. (Yes or No)

Hopping Frequencies : Displays no. of frequencies allotted for hoping, particular sector.MA (Mobile Allocation) List.

Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO) :

Number which tells from which frequency from given MA list of a sectorhopping is to be started.

E.g. 0 Hoping will start from first frequency.

Hopping Sequence Number (HSN) :

Hopping Sequenceof frequencies (from the MA List).(0 - 63).

0 : Cyclic Hopping

1 - 63 : Random hopping sequences.


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SIGNALLING WINDOW

In signaling our main concern is of Layer 3 messages

? System Information

Information about the network which MS need to communicate with the network.System information messages are continuously sent on the BCCH and SACCHby theBTS to all idle (BCCH) and active (SACCH) mobiles in a cell.

System Information

1.Cell channel description

RACH control parameters

2. Neighbor cells description

NCC permitted

RACH control parametersAbis. Neighbor cells description (extension)

RACH control parameters

Ater. Additional multiband information Neighbor cells description (otherbands)


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3. Location area identification

Cell identity

Control channel descriptionCell options

Cell selection parametersRACH control parameters

SI 3 rest octets

4. Location area identification

Cell selection parameters

RACH control parametersCBCH channel description

CBCH mobile allocation

SI 4 rest octets

5. Neighbor cells description

Abis Neighbor cells description (extension)

Ater Additional multiband informationNeighbor cells description (otherbands)

6.Location area identification

Cell identity

Cell options

NCC permitted

7. SI 7 rest octets

8.SI 8 rest octets

9. Packet data information

1) System Information Type 1

In frequency hopping MS needs to know which frequencybandto use and which

frequencies within theband to be use during hopping. This information is provided in the cell

channel description information element sent in system information type 1.

Information about how the MS should perform to access the system is also provided.

? Cell Channel DescriptionMS is informed about frequencies that are used in the cell.

GSM 900:"bit map 0" format is used Information element is divided into two

parts:


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CA NO:Cell allocation number shows whichband is used.

CA-NO = 0; GM 900

CA-NO = 1; E-GSM

CA-NO = 2; GSM 1800.

CA ARFCN: Absoluteradio frequency channel number for all

frequencies used in the cell.

A 124 bits bit map is used. A bit set to 1 indicates that the frequency withthat number is used in the cell.

GSM 1800 and GSM 1900:Several different formats can be used, Information

element is divided into two parts

FORMAT ID: Indicates format of the information element.

Second partof the information element represents the frequenciesthrough special encoding schemes

? RACH Control Parameters


List of BCCH frequenciesused in the neighboring cells.

The MS needs this information because it must listen to the system information in theneighboring cells occasionally.

The MS also uses this list of frequencies when measuring the signal strength ofneighboring cells.

The MS is also informed which PLMN Network Color Codes (NCC) it may monitor.

Neighbor Cells Description :Denotefrequencies of the BCCH carriers to be monitoredby the MSs in the cell.


The MS must know the current location area's identity because a change in location area means

that the MS must update the network.

In order tocalculate its paging group, the MS needs specific parameterscontained in thecontrol

channel description. The description also informs the MS about periodic registrationand it

informs MS if it shouldinform the systemwhen it is about to enter the idle mode.

When the MS is in idle mode, it decides by itself which cells to camp on.

Informationneeded by the MS for cell selection and reselectionis also broadcast in system

information type 3.


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(Cell broadcast Function: Allows broadcasting short messages to all MSs in one or more cells).

Insystem information type 4, MSs are informed if the cell broadcast function is usedin this cell

and on whatfrequencythe CBCH is found.

The LAI, the cell selection parameters, the RACH control parameters and rest octetsalso included

in type 4 message.


When MS in busy mode, SACCH is activated.On the uplink, the MSsendsmeasurement reports, and on thedownlinkthenetworksends

output power andTAfor the MSto use. Also MSreceives information about the frequenciesused

as BCCHcarriers in neighboring cellson SACCH. Signal strengthof these frequencies are

monitoredandreportedin the measurement report for handover purposes.

Frequencies in the neighbor cells description given here may differ from those sent in system

information type 2.

Active mode: MS measureson a reduced number of BCCH frequenciesin order to improve the

accuracy of the measurements. In

Idle mode: MSmeasureson a greater number of frequenciestoreducethe time required to

establish contact with the network after power on. This time reductionoccursonly if theidle BA

list was stored at the previous power off.


In active mode, MSneeds to know if the LAI changesIf LAI changes the MS has todo location

updating when the call is released.

If MS changes between cells (within the location area) where RLINKTor DTXconditions differ

the new cell optionsmustbe reportedto the MS.

LMNpermitted is also includedin the system information type 6.


System information type 7 is optionally sent on BCCH extended if system information type 4

does not contain all information needed for cell reselection.


System information type 8 is optionally sent on BCCH extended if system information type 4

does not contain all information needed for cell reselection.


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? Call AssignmentCall assignment takes place when a Mobile Station makes a call (Mobile Originating Call) orreceives a call (Mobile Terminating Call).

1) Mobile Originating Call

Mobile Originating a Call


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Mobile Terminating a Call

Mobile Originating a Call

2) Location UpdateThe MSC needs to know under which location area the Mobile Station can be reachedand Location Area Information is needed for the paging made by the BTS .


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3) DisconnectWhen the Mobile Station or the Network want to finish a call for some reason

a) Network Initiated

b) Mobile Station Initiated

4) HandoversDifferent protocols are fordifferent handover processes, e.g. in synchronizedhandover, no timing advance information is needed. This decreases the protocol

so that no physical information needs to be sent.

a) Synchronized Handover


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b) NonSynchronized Handover

c) Handover Failure


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Analysis of the Drive Test Data

1. EXPORT LOGFILES: Export the Log Files to and conversion to .tab format

Select the Format of the file as Map info Tab-file ; as shown in the figure

2) Change the Setup Settings for MapInfo Tabfile

Select theInformation Elements from the available Information Elements in the desired Technology

(GSM ) e.g. ARFCN-BCCH, Rx Lev Full, Rx Lev Sub, Rx Qual Full Rx Qual Sub, Speech Quality Index(SQI)

You can also save the Selected Information Elements settings (.mex format).


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Now select theInput files (you can select more then one files all together)

Select the Output directory where you want to save the Output

Name of the Output file will be from Prefix and Suffix

Now Start the procedure for exporting the Log file

As the Export is done successfully the export Results will be displayed as shown in the fig


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3) Open the MapInfo Converted Log Files into Map Info Tool

Create Thematic Map:Select Map

>Create Thematic Map

You can select different types according to your requirement

E.g. Ranges , Bar Chart , Pie Charts , Graduated , Dot Density ,Individual ,Grids .

E.g. if we have selected Rages in this Example for Rx Level


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E.g. Field : RxLev Sub

You can modify the Rages, Style and Legends according to your requirement, as shown in thefigure the Rangesand Style are modified

Customizing Range and Style


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Rx Level SUB (defined as Range)

Similarly according to the requirement theThematic Map can be drawn, E.g. for ARFCN (BCCH),we have to take the Individual Values not the Ranges as we havetaken for RxLev

ARFCN (BCCH) (defined as Individual)


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REPORT GENERATION IN TEMS INVESTIGATION

Go to

Log File

>Report Generator

Or select

Report Wizard will get open

? Add the Log files from there respective locations

? Select the Output directory


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You can change the Report Properties as per your requirements, as shown in the figure for Call

Events and Threshold Values

Select Finish for completing the Task

The Statistics Report will be generated in the Output directory defined

Open the index File from Statistics Report Directory as shown in the figure.


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TEMS? Investigation GSM 4.1.1

Report No ___________________

Date 2007-04-06 Time 12:56 Prepared by ___________________

Logfile information#[Index] Log files HW[MS1] HW[MS2] GPS

1 idle8.log T68i R1F - YES


3 mo_mt_sms_1.log T68i R1F - YES



6 ded.log T68i R1F - YES

7 ded1.log T68i R1F - YES

8 ded2.log T68i R1F-

YES9 ded3.log T68i R1F - YES




13 ho.log T68i R1F - YES

14 ho_1.log T68i R1F - YES

15 idle.log T68i R1F - YES


17 idle2.log T68i R1F-

YES18 idle3.log T68i R1F - YES





Total duration: 01:08:27.67

Active MS

MS1

DC1

MS2

DC2


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Information

ElementRange

% of

meas.

#[no.

of]

Average

duration

(hh:mm:ss)

#Cell #Log

DTXRate DL > 80 9.4 101 00:00:01.94 - 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14

DTXRate DL > 1 20.4 260 00:00:01.59 - 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FER Actual

(%)> 8 7.7 125 00:00:01.09 - 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FER Actual

(%)> 4 9.0 140 00:00:01.12 - 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FER Full (%) > 8 18.7 211 00:00:01.73 - 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14

FER Full (%) > 4 21.2 260 00:00:01.60 - 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FER Sub (%) > 51 1.8 37 00:00:00.86 - 6,8,9,11

FER Sub (%) > 1 5.9 131 00:00:00.80 - 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

MS Power

Control Level> 10 - 0 - - -

MS Power

Control Level> 20 - 0 - - -

RxLev Full

(dBm)< -95 3.5 47 00:00:01.96 - 5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15

RxLev Full

(dBm)< -105 0.1 5 00:00:00.79 - 9,11

RxQual Full > 5 27.6 293 00:00:02.38 - 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,20,21,22

RxQual Full > 2 42.6 401 00:00:02.61 -1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20,

21,22

RxQual Sub > 5 8.6 211 00:00:01.24 - 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22

RxQual Sub > 2 19.5 343 00:00:01.52 - 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22

SQI < 4 9.9 53 00:00:03.08 - 6,7,8,9,10,11,12

SQI < 16 24.7 84 00:00:04.84 - 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

TA > 50 - 0 - - -

TA > 38 - 0 - - -

Thresholds


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Events

Event #[no.of] Relationship #Cell #Log

Blocked Call 91 - - 3,4,5,6,21

Call Attempt 96 - - 3,4,5,6,8,21

Call Setup 93 - - 3,4,5,8,9,10,12,13,21

Dropped Call 1 - - 6

GPRS Attach Failure 0 - --

GPRS PDP Context

Activation0 - --

GPRS PDP Context

Activation Failure0 - --

GPRS Authentication

Failure 0- -

-

GPRS Routing Area

Update0 - --

GPRS Routing Area

Update Failure0 - --

Handover (Intracell) 28 - - 6,8,9,10,11

Handover 56 - - 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

Handover Failure 3 - - 6,9

Ping Timeout 0 - --

RAS Error 0- -

-

Session Error 0 - --

As shown in the above Stats we can easily find out that which are the Log Files where particular

Even had have happened.E.g.

Blocked Call : log file 3, 4, 5, 6 and 21

Dropped Call : log file 6

We canreplay these Log files and can find out the reason for the same by studying the RadioParameters at that particular event.


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Distribution graphs of all log files


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Additional

SIGNALING

Radio Interface Protocol Structure

SIGNALING LAYER 3

Layer 3 provides the Mobile NetworkSignaling (MNS) service to the user application.

It Includes

Functions to establish, maintain and terminate circuit switched connections across a

GSM PLMN and other networks to which the PLMN is connected.

Supporting functions for supplementary services and short message service control .

Functions for mobility management and radio resource management.

Protocol control entities exist in the three sub layers:

Connection Management (CM) sub layer Mobility Management (MM) sub layer Radio Resource management (RR) sub layer

The RR functions reside mainly in the BSC, although some RR functions may reside in the MSC.In the BTS, most of the RR messages are handled as transparent messages.


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Um layer 3, distribution of signaling functions

CONNECTION MANAGEMENTCM sub layer contains functions for:

Call Control and call related supplementary services management (CC).

Short Message Service (SMS).

Non call related Supplementary Services management (SS).

Call Control

Call Control signaling procedures are described as:

? Call establishment procedures

? Procedures during the active state

? Call clearing

? Miscellaneous procedures

Short Message Service Support (SMS) : It comprises of

Short Message Control (SMC)Short Message Control Protocol (SMCP): Peer control for transfer shortmessages between MS and MSC

Supplementary Services support (SS)

Not related to a specific call. E.g. registration of call forwarding on no reply or callwaiting.

MOBILITY MANAGEMENT

Registration messages:

? IMSI detach indication

? Location updating accept

? Location updating reject

? Location updating request

Security messages :


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? Authentication reject

? Authentication request

? Authentication response

? Identity request? Identity response

? TMSI reallocation command

? TMSI reallocation complete

Connection management messages :

? CM service accept? CM service reject

? CM service abort

? CM service request

? CM reestablishment request

? Abort

? Miscellaneous message:

? MM status

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

The RR sublayer receives service from layer 2 and gives service to the MM sublayer. In addition,RR communicates directly with layer 1 for exchange of information related to measurement

control and channel management.

The generalpurposeof the RR procedures is to establish, maintain and release a RR connectionbetween the MS and the network. This includes handover procedures, cell selection at power onand in idle mode, recovery from lack of coverage in idle mode as well as cell re -selection inbusymode.

Channel establishment messages:

Ciphering messages:

Handover messages:

Channel release messages:

Paging messages:

System information messages:

Miscellaneous messages:


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SIGNALING LAYER 2

Link Access Procedures on the Dm channel ( LAPDm ) is the layer 2 protocol used to conveysignaling information between layer 3 entities across theradio interface, using the Dm channel.

Dm channel refers to the control channels. Includes broadcast, common or dedicated control

channels.

LAPDm is a protoco l that operates at the data link layer of the OSI structure. Its purpose is toprovide a reliable signaling link . It receives services from the physical layer and provides

services to layer 3.

LAPDm isbased on the ISDN protocol LAPD, which is used on the Abis interface.

Two types of operation on the data link are supported by LAPDm.

1. Unacknowledged operation

2. Acknowledged (or multiple frame) operation

UNACKNOWLEDGED OPERATION

Messages that need not be acknowledged are sent in Unnumbered Information (UI)

frames. This means that there is no flow control or error recovery mechanism defined.

ACKNOWLEDGED (MULTIPLE FRAME) OPERATION

When an answer or acceptance is required , operation in acknowledged mode is

applied. Acknowledged mode is applicable on dedicated control channels only.

Layer 3 messages are sent in numbered I frames. In this case, a number of consecutive I

frames (a window) canbe sent before an acknowledgment is required. However, forLAPDm the size of the window is one, which means that each frame must be

acknowledgedbefore the next one is sent.


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SIGNALING LAYER 1

The signaling layer 1, also called the physical layer, represents the functions required to transfer

the bits over the physical channels, on the radio medium.

In addition to signaling layer 2, layer 1 interfaces other functional units, such as speech coderand

terminal adapters, for the support of traffic channels.

testing engineer management system

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