TEXAS

Emma SchechterMr. Ullman, 5th grade May, 13, 2011

Facts about Texas

• Texas is the second-largest U.S. state by both area and population.

• The name Texas, means: "friends" or "allies" in Caddo, an old language; the word "Tejas" was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. 

• Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify Texas as an Independent Republic and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico.

• The term Six flags over Texas came from the several nations that had ruled over the territory.

Who ruled Texas territory?• Spain (1510-1821) was the first European country

to claim the area of Texas. • France held a short-lived colony in part of Texas.

(1685-1690) • Mexico (1821-1836) controlled the territory until

1836, when Texas won its independence, becoming an Independent Republic.(1836-1845)

• On February 28, 1845 The Congress passed a resolution in favor of annexation. It joined the United States as the 28th state on December 29.

• The state's annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846.

Spain France

Mexico Independent Republic

Texas in the confederation

Texas in the United States

Who moved West? And Why?

• After the Revolution, soldiers received grants of lands as payment for their military service.

• After the Louisiana Purchase many pioneers began to move west, this created tension with other countries at the border.

• The Texas territory was scarcely populated.• A mixed group of people came from U.S. to

Texas, and they came for many different reasons like looking for a new life, or a chance for adventure.

Chronology of the Alamo andTexas Independence

• 1823 Stephen Austin and 300 American families begin settlement of Texas.

• In 1830 the Mexican government became alarmed at the increased number of American settling in Texas.

• 1830 Mexican Government stops immigration of U.S. citizens to Mexico.

• 1833 Santa Anna is elected president of Mexico and slowly become a dictator.

• Santa Anna vowed to bring all the Mexican provinces, including Texas, under strong central control.

• In the same year many rebellions begun all over Mexico. Santa Anna sedated the rebellion in a cruel and brutal way.

• Some people in Texas wanted independence, and used the same ideas of the American Revolution.

• 1835 The first battle of the Texas Revolution: the citizens of a small town refuse to allow the cannon to be taken by the Mexican soldiers.

1836 The Alamo Famous people at the

Alamo • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5roEuhqn3o&feature=related

“We will rather die in these ditches than give up to the enemy...”

• William Barret Travis, the military commander at the Alamo.

• David Crockett, frontiersman he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for Tennessee.

• Jim Bowie, a gambler and treasure hunter.• James Walker Fannin Jr., the only one trained as

a soldier• Samuel Huston, Father of Texas, during the

siege of Alamo he was negotiating with local native tribes for their support.

The Alamo• General Santa Anna and troops arrive on

February 23 to begin the siege of Alamo.• Before the battle the Mexican army played a

music called El Degüello, a traditional music announcing that no prisoners would be taken.

• Delegates declare Texas Independence from Mexico on March 2, forming the Republic of Texas.

• The Alamo falls on March 6.• News of the defeats caused panic amongst

Texas settlers.

• Ballad Of The Alamo-Marty Robbins Lyrics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnptKCH44CQ&feature=related

Remember The Alamo!Many of the defenders were adventures who saw this an opportunity to serve Texas. Very few of them were actually from Texas, they came from 18 states in the United States. Fighting along side the Texians were the Tejanos, people of Spanish or Mexicans

descendent who lived in the area prior the Anglo settlement; they lived on large ranches in the Texas territory, and the slavesowned by some of the men. Degüello is the first-person singular present tense of degollar, a verb that means to cut the throat. More figuratively, it means give no quarter.

It signifies the act of beheading or throat-cutting and in Spanish history became associated with the battle music, which, in different versions, meant complete destruction of the enemy without mercy.

• The new government joined the other settlers in Texas fleeing from the approaching Mexican army.

• After several weeks of retreat, the Texian Army commanded by Sam Houston attacked and defeated Santa Anna's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto.

• Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign the Treaties of Velasco, ending the war.

• As early as 1837, the Republic made several attempts to negotiate annexation with the United States. Opposition within the republic from the nationalist faction, along with strong abolitionist opposition within the United States, slowed Texas's admission into the Union.

• Texas was finally annexed when the expansionist James K. Polk won the election of 1844. On December 29, 1845, Congress admitted Texas to the U.S. as a constituent state of the Union

Which modern day states and part of states make up this territory

The Rio Grande river, Part of New Mexico, Part of Colorado, Part of Wyoming, Oklahoma, Louisiana.

Today borders of Texas

• Mexico: The Rio Grande river

• New Mexico• Oklahoma• Arkansas• Louisiana• Gulf of Mexico

SourcesBooks• “The siege of the Alamo: Soldiering in the

Texas Revolution”, Susan Provost Beller• “The Alamo: in American History”, Roy

Sorrels• “Last stand at The Alamo”, Alden R.

CarterWikipedia • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamo• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas