CC

ONTENTS

Text Area: 280 mm Deep x 215 mm Wide

Acknowledgements ix

Syllabus outcomes x

About the CD-ROM xii

Introduction 1

Forces at work 2

Thinking about — Forces at work 3

1.1

A helping hand 4

1.2

Pushing uphill 6

1.3

In a spin 8

1.4

Getting a lift 10

1.5

Getting into gear 12

1.6

Science issues — A world of machines 14

1.7

Science & technology — Bridging the gaps 16

1.8

A question of balance 18

Putting it all together 20Extension — Mobiles 22Reflection 23

Reproduction 24

Thinking about — Reproduction 25

2.1

Getting together 26

2.2

Private parts 28

2.3

Why the changes? 30

2.4

Making babies 34

2.5

To breed or not to breed? 36

2.6

Science issues — Reproductive technology 38

2.7

The birds and the bees 40

2.8

When one becomes two 42

2.9

Amazing stories 44

Putting it all together 46Extension — Sending out signals 48Reflection 49

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2petal

ovary(containsovules)

carp

el

filament

style

receptacle

stam

en

stigma

anther

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vi

The body at war 50

Thinking about — The body at war 51

3.1

Putting up . . . defences 52

3.2

Little things, big trouble 54

3.3

Catching worms and more 56

3.4

Spreading it around 58

3.5

Fighting the spread 60

3.6

Science issues — Choosing immunity 62

3.7

Our noble Nobels 64

3.8

What a life! 68

3.9

Science issues — Outbreak 70

Putting it all together 72Extension — On the move 74Reflection 75

It’s a material world 76

Thinking about — Our material world 77

4.1

Plastic facts 78

4.2

Versatile polymers 80

4.3

A new breed of fibres 82

4.4

Space age ceramics 84

4.5

Colloids and gels 86

4.6

Cosmetics: face the facts 88

4.7

The chemistry of life 90

4.8

Testing your metal 94

4.9

Science issues – Use it again 96

Putting it all together 98Extension — Semiconductor magic 100Reflection 101

Chemical energy 102

Thinking about — Chemical energy 103

5.1

Hot and cold 104

5.2

Making things happen 106

5.3

Blowing up 108

5.4

Charge on the move 110

5.5

Takeaway electricity 112

5.6

Batteries, batteries 114

5.7

Fossil fuels 116

5.8

Science issues – Greenhouse Earth 118

5.9

Fuel from living things 120

5.10

Body fuels 122

Putting it all together 124Extension — Getting the car started 126Reflection 127

CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 5

copper sulfate

zinc nitrate

galvanometeror ammeter

electronselectrons

copper metalzinc metal

strip offilter papersoaked inpotassiumchloride

+ –

Cl–K+

copper ions (positive)+ electrons➝ copper

metal atoms

zinc metal atoms➝ zinc ions (positive) + electrons

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Electric circuits 128

Thinking about — Electric circuits 129

6.1

Go with the flow 130

6.2

Made to measure 132

6.3

A question of resistance 134

6.4

Controlling the flow 136

6.5

In a row or side by side? 138

6.6

Electricity at home 142

6.7

What’s watt? 144

6.8

Science & technology — The small world of chips 146

Putting it all together 148Reflection 150

Keeping an eye on light 152

Thinking about — Light 153

7.1

Riding on a light beam 154

7.2

What happened to my legs? 156

7.3

Through the looking glass 158

7.4

It’s the image that counts 160

7.5

Improving your image 162

7.6

Science & technology — A look inside 164

7.7

Colour your world 166

7.8

Seeing in colour 1687.9 Light history 172Putting it all together 174Extension — Fun in the sun 176Reflection 177

Dynamic Earth 178Thinking about — The dynamic Earth 1798.1 Inside out 1808.2 What’s on your plate? 1828.3 Making mountains 1848.4 Natural disasters 1868.5 The riches below 1908.6 Extracting the metal 1928.7 Energy underground 1948.8 Science issues — Mining and the environment 1988.9 Artificial ecosystems 2028.10 Preparing the way 204Putting it all together 206Extension — Rising salt 208Reflection 209

CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 8

0

0

100

10

200

20

300

400

40

500

50

30DC mA

—

500mA

50mA

Biosphere: living matter on Earth, such as plants and animals

Atmosphere: the thin, fragile layer of gases that surrounds the Earth

Lithosphere: the Earth’scrust including landforms, rocks and soils

Hydrosphere: the water on the surface of the Earth in oceans, rivers, lakes, rain and mist

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Following orders 210Thinking about — Following orders 2119.1 The recipe for life 2129.2 Fast control 2169.3 Chemical warfare 2189.4 Brain power 2209.5 Intelligent toolbox 2249.6 Getting it right 2269.7 Slow control 2289.8 Plant moves 2309.9 Science & technology — Getting

back in control 232Putting it all together 234Extension — Harnessing hormones 236Reflection 237

Core Science skills 238S.1 Making observations 239S.2 Text types 243S.3 Problem-solving skills 249S.4 Science and the media 256S.5 Different cultures, different views 260S.6 Using spreadsheets 264S.7 Using data loggers 271S.8 Using databases 275

Student research project 279SRP.1 Scientific terms and method 280SRP.2 Case study 1: Muddy waters 282SRP.3 Case study 2: Louie the fly,

you gotta die! 289

Pronunciation guide 294

Index 295

CHAPTER 9

CORE SCIENCE SKILLS

STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECT

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