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TRANSCRIPT
TDC3 (5600) P3
Textiles-Specification for Treated/Coated fabrics for various applications
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Contents
0. Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Scope............................................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 2
4. Workmanship and finish .............................................................................................................................. 4 4.3 Coating .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 4.4 Resistance to damage by flexing ............................................................................................................... 4
5. TESTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 5.2 Test specimens ............................................................................................................................................ 4
6. Packing, Marking and Storage ...................................................................................................................... 5 6.1 Packing ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 6.2 Marking ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 6.3 Storage .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
7. Sampling and Criteria for Conformity .......................................................................................................... 5 7.1 Scale of sampling ......................................................................................................................................... 5
ANNEX A ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
ANNEX B ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
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Textiles- Specification for Treated/coated fabrics for various applications
Foreword
This Draft Tanzania Standard has been prepared to help treated/coated fabric manufacturers and any
other interested parties to be able to produce products of high quality.
The main objective of this Draft Tanzania Standard is to achieve lower mass per unit area of the finished
fabric through the use of light weight base fabrics (substrates), and coatings to produce coated fabric with
maximum tensile, tearing strength and ageing properties with improved performance.
To achieve certain end-uses or to improve the performance of the coated fabric, the possible combination
of base fabric and coating shall be taken by selecting the materials (both base fabric and coating with
desired properties which are in mind for particular end-uses.
In deciding whether a particular requirement of this Draft Tanzania Standard is complied with, the final
value observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in
accordance with TZS 4:2009-Rounding off numerical values.
In the preparation of this Draft Tanzania Standard assistance was derived from:
IS 12649: 1989 Treated/Coated fabrics for various applications-guide for selection (PCD 13: Rubber &
rubber products)
IS 1259: 1984: -Vinyl Coated fabrics (PCD 13: Rubber and Rubber products), published by the Indian
Standards Institution
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1. Scope
1.1 This Draft Tanzania Standard describes requirements, methods of sampling and test for fabric
coated/treated by wax, rubber (natural and synthetic, polyethylene, polyurethane and vinyl. This Draft
Tanzania Standards provides guidelines for the selection of right combination of base fabric and
coating which is desirable for a coated / treated fabric for the specific end-uses.
1.2 It also recommends preferred characteristics of the base fabric, weight of the finished fabric and
coating for specific applications.
2. Normative references
For the purpose of this Draft Tanzania Standard the following references shall apply:
a) TZS 534: 2017 Textiles – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing b) TZS 1660: 2014, Polyurethane (PU) Coated Leather- Specification
c) TZS 21: 2018 Textiles – Determination of mass per unit length and per unit area of woven or
knitted fabrics. d) TZS 663: Cotton woven canvas material – Specification
e) TZS 22-1:2018 Textiles – Tensile properties of fabrics- Part 1: Determination of maximum
force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method
f) TZS 44: 2017 Textiles – Woven or knitted fabrics – Determination of length and width.
3. Requirements
3.1 The end-use and selection criteria of treated/coated fabrics depend largely on base fabrics used to
produce coated/treated fabrics. The properties of the fabric to be used are given in Annex A. The coating
materials with their inherent properties are given in Annex B.
3.2 With particular end-use in view, a list of substrates and types of coating with limiting mass per unit
area and essential performance tests are given in Table 1. This table is intended to be used as a guide in
selecting the combinations of right substrates and coatings with specific performance for intended
applications.
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TABLE 1- END-USES OF TREATED/COATED FABRIC AND THEIR SELECTION CRITERIA
S/N End-use Base fabrics Mass per unit
area, g/m2
Flexing endurance, cycles, min Breaking
Strength , kg
f/5cm, min
1 Fumigation covers Type A cotton
Type B HDPE/PP woven fabric Type C, Nylon woven fabric
200 - 650
First stage: No damage after 10,000
Second stage: No damage after 25,000
30
2 Water resistant
fabrics
Woven cotton
Knitted cotton
Nylon
Polyester/cotton
Rayon
Jute
polypropylene
65 - 400
First stage: No damage after 5,000
Second stage: No damage after 20,000
25
3 Tarpaulins Cotton
Nylon
Polyester-cotton
Polyester
HDPE/PP
jute
150 - 450
First stage: No damage after 10,000
Second stage: No damage after 25,000
30
4 Upholstery
materials
Woven cotton
Knitted cotton
Rayon
Blended fabrics
NylonJute
polyester
200 - 700
First stage: No damage after 20,000
Second stage: No damage after 80,000
25
5
Material for
footwear
Woven cotton
Knitted cotton
Rayon
Blended fabric
Nylon
polyester
400 - 1300
First stage: No damage after 25,000
Second stage: No damage after 100,000
25
6 Chemically resistant
material
Woven cotton
Knitted cotton
Nylon
Polyester-cotton
200 - 500 First stage: No damage after 5,000
Second stage: No damage after 20,000
25
7 Radiation proof
fabrics
Cotton
Nylon
Polyester-cotton
450 - 1100 First stage: No damage after 10,000
Second stage: No damage after 20,000
35
8
Fire resistance
fabrics
Cotton
Nylon
Polyester-cotton
Glass
Polyester
jute
300 - 1100
First stage: No damage after 25,000
Second stage: No damage after 50,000
30
4
9 Floatation
equipment
Woven nylon
Knitted Nylon
Woven Polyester
Knitted Polyester
250 - 1500 First stage: No damage after 20,000
Second stage: No damage after 50,000
30
10 Mountaineering
equipment Cotton
Nylon
Polyester-cotton
60 - 200 First stage: No damage after 5,000
Second stage: No damage after 20,000
20
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Rot resistance
fabric
Jute
1 to 2 percent
add on the
mass of the
fabric
First stage: No damage after 5,000
Second stage: No damage after 20,000
40
Test method TZS 326: 1988 TZS 21: 2018 TZS 206: 1984 TZS 22-1: 2018
NOTE
1. The lower range is normally applicable in case of items with synthetic substrates having high strength, smooth finish and low coating. The higher range is normally applicable in case of coarse fabrics requiring substantial amount of coatings.
2. Wherever polyurethane coating is used, the limiting mass can be substantially less than the lower limit indicated.
4. Workmanship and finish
4.1 The appearance, workmanship, finish and in all other respects not mentioned in this specification, the
material shall be of uniform surface finish and contain no bubbles and blisters. It shall be substantially free from pinhole, creases or streaks. Colour, grain embossing and finish, whether in single colour or multi-colour
effects shall be as agreed between the buyer and seller.
4.3 Coating The compound used for coating shall be made from suitable copolymer as mentioned in sub clause 1.1. It
shall be pigmented to meet specified colour requirements. The coating shall be uniformly applied on one
side of the base fabric and shall be substantially free from pinholes, cracks and other flaws.
4.4 Resistance to damage by flexing
The coated/treated fabric shall comply with the number of flexing cycles given in Table 1
5. Tests
5.1 Test shall be conducted as per prescribed in appropriate appendices and relevant Test methods
given in Table 1
5.2 Test specimens
Test pieces shall be cut from the samples in the required size and in the appropriate manner as specified
in the individual methods of test. The test specimens shall be selected from one meter sample of full
width, when it is laid on a flat rigid surface with fabric side upper most without any tension in either
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direction. In case where less than one metre sample is to be tested the number of the tested specimens
may be reduced at the discretion of the customer.
6. Packing, Marking and Storage
6.1 Packing
The treated/coated fabric shall be securely packed in the form of roll so as to ensure safe transportation.
6.2 Marking
The treated/coated fabric shall be marked at the outer end of each roll with
a) manufacturers name and address
b) trade –mark and grade of the material,
c) Date of manufacture
d) Length of material in metres.
6.3 Storage
The rolls of coated/treated fabric shall be stored vertically on dry, clean and level surface and they must
be free from dust, moisture, direct sunlight, corrosive (if fixed with eyelet) and solvent fumes.
7. Sampling and Criteria for Conformity
7.1 Scale of sampling
7.1.1 Lot-in any consignment, all rolls of coated/treated fabric of the same grade, colour and finish shall
be grouped together and each such group shall constitute a lot.
7.1.2 The conformity of the lot to the requirement of the specification shall be ascertained for each lot
separately. The number of rolls to be selected from the lot shall depend on the size of the lot and shall be
at random in accordance with table 2 below:
Table 2-Scale of Sampling
Sn Lot size No of rolls to be
selected
1 1 1
2 2 to 100 2
3 101 to 200 3
4 201 to 300 4
5 301 and above 5
6
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ANNEX A (Informative)
TABLE 3-TEXTILE FIBRE COMPARISON CHART
SN Fibre properties Fibre glass Filament E Glass
Cotton Viscose rayon
Nylon, nylon filament
polyester
Regular Intermediate tenacity Filament and staple
High tenacity
Regular High tenacity
1 Breaking tenacity, g/d 6.0-7.3 Wet 3.9 to 4.7 Loop 0.9 to 1.1 Knot 1.8 to 2.2
3.3 to 6.37 NA NA
1.5 to 2.4 0.7 to 1.4 1.0 to 1.5 0.7 to 1.4
2.4 to 3.2 1.2 to 1.9 1.5 to 2.2 1.4 to 2.1
3.0 to 5.0 1.9 to 3.6 2.3 to 2.5 2.2 to 2.4
4.5 to 5.8 4.3 to 5.3 3.8 to 5.4 3.8 to 5.3
6.8 to 8.6 5.4 to 7.5 7.0 6.1
4.7 to 6.0 4.7 to 6.0 6.8 to 10.0 4.0 to 5.0
2 Tensile strength, Mpa 1380 to 1520 300 to 750 200 to 320 320 to 450 450 to 720 500 to 580 750 to 860 810 to 970
3 Extension at break, % 3.0 to 4.0 Wet 2.5 to 3.5
3 to 7 15 to 30 20 to 40
15 to 20 17 to 30
16 to 17.5 19 to 24
35 to 50 35 to 50
4 Elastic recovery , % 100 74 at 2 percent 45 at 5 percent
30 to 74 at 4 percent
97 at 2 percent
70 to 100 at 2 percent
100 at 2 percent 100 at 8 percent
100 at 4 percent
90 to 95
5 Average stiffness, g/d 322 57 to 60 11.1 16.6 25.5 to 29 23 48 54 to 77
6 Average toughness, j/m3 0.07
0.15
0.19 0.21 0.22 to 0.30 0.67 0.75 0.35 to 0.55
7 Relative density 2.54 1.54 1.56 to 1.52 1.14 1.38
8 Water absorbency, % a) 21° C, 65 percent
relative humidity b) 21°C, 95 percent
relative humidity c) 100 percent
relative humidity
None Up to 0.3 percent(surface)
7 21 to 27
13: 11 is commercial standard 27
- -
- -
4 to 5 6.5 to 8.5
- -
0.4 0.6
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SN
Fibre properties
Fibre glass
Filament E Glass
Cotton
Viscose rayon
Nylon, nylon filament
polyester
Regular Intermediate tenacity Filament and staple
High tenacity
Regular High tenacity
9 Effect of heat Will not burb, losses up to 50 percent tensile strength at 370°C. Strength continuous to decline to softening point at 835°C
Highly resistant to degradation. Yellows at 120°C, after 5h, decomposed at 150°C
Does not melt, losses strength at 150°C. Decompose at 180 to 200°C
Melts between 215 to 250°C. yellow slightly at 150C when held for 5h
Softening point 220 to 240°C and melting point 245 to 260°C
10 Effect of acid Resists most acids Disintegrated by hot dilute acids or cold concentrated acids, Unaffected by cold weak acids
Similar to cotton: hot diluted or cold concentrate disintegrate fibre
Oxidizing agents and mineral acids, such as hydrochloric and sulphuric cause degradation. Others such as benzoic and oxalic will cause loss in tenacity and elongation depending upon time and concentration 750 to 860
Good in normal use, soluble in hot concentrated acids
11 Effect of alkalies Resists most alkalies Swelling (mercerization) in caustic but no damage
Strong solution causes swelling and reduces strength
Substantially inert Generally good but slightly hydrolyzed specially with amines
12 Effect of other chemicals
Generally good Bleached by hypochlorites and peroxides: Oxidizes into oxycellulose. Swells and disintergrates in cuprammonium by droxide
Attached by strong oxidizing agent, not damaged by hypochlorite or peroxide bleaches
Generally good resistance Strong resistance
13 Effect of organic chemicals
unaffected resistance Generally insoluble; soluble in cuprammonium and a few complex compaunds
Generally insoluble; soluble in some phenolic compaunds and in concentrate formic acid
Resistant , soluble in phenols, concentrated alkalies and ethylene glycol
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14 Dyes used Resin bonded pigments. Special technique utilizing protein film applied during manufacture for Vat, direct acid and chrome
Direct, vat, azoic, basic, mordant, pigment, sulphur
Same as for cotton medium and high tenacity are harder to dye
Has a marked affinity for all types of dyestaffs including direct acid, premetallized acid, chrome and \vat colours as well as the newer complex types. New colour effects may be obtained in cross-dying when used in conjunction with other types of nylon
Disperse, ezoic and cationic
15 Resistance to mildew Not attached (binder may be, however)
Poor unless bleached or acetylated
attached Not attached Not attached
16 Identification Does not burn Burns rapidly leaves fine grey ash and no bead. Longitudinal appearance is flat and ribbon like with convolution. Dissolves in 80 percent cold sulphuric acid
Does not melt, burns readily with little ash, insoluble in acetone
Melts before burning, self-extinguishing, insoluble in acetone or boiling sodium hydroxide solutions; soluble in concentrated formic acid and xylenol. Dissolves slowly in chloral hydrate
Retains its fibre form after boiling for 1 min in 90 percent phosphoric acid. Ignites with difficulty, burns giving off an aromatic odour
NOTE- This table has been reproduced from Owens Corning Fibre glass Fabric book 1964. Values for polyester fibre have been taken from textile world
manmade fibre chart 1986 and paper of Shri C. Bhattacharya (IPCL) published in Man Made fibres International 1981 Vol.1
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ANNEX B Informative (Clause 3.2)
TABLE 4- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER AND PVC
SN Properties Nitrile Rubber
Styrene-butadiene
rubber (SBR)
Isobutylene Isoprene rubber
Polychloroprene Rubber
Natural Rubber
Silicon Rubber
Plasticized PVC
Polyurethane Chlorosulphonated polyethylene
(CSM)
1 Scuff resistance P P GE GE P E E E G
2 Weather resistance
F
F
GE E
F
E
E
E E
3 Heat resistance G FG GE G F E F3 and 4 F G
4 Chemical resistance
FG
FG
E
FG
FG
GE
E
P
G
5 Oil resistance E P P FG P PG GE5 E G
6 Impermeability G F E G F P E G G
7 Cold resistance G G G FG G E G6 G F
8 Tear resistance FG FG G FG GE P G E F
9 Abrasion resistance
G
G
FG
G
E
P
E
E
F
10 Set resistance GE G FG F G GE F G FG
11 Dynamic properties
GE
G
F
F
E
P
E
E
G
12 Acid resistance F F G FG FG FG E P G
13 Tensile strength GE GE G G E P GE3 EG GG
14 Electrical properties
F
G
G
F
G
E
E
FG
FG
15 Water/steam resistance
FG
FG
G
F
FG F
G/P3
P
G
16 Flame resistance P P P G P G E7 P G
Code definitions: P = Poor
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F = Fair G = Good E = Excellent NOTE – The above properties serve only as a guide and are applicable for only properly compounded and vulcanized rubber