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Textual AnalysisCamera Shots, Angle, Movement and Composition

Camera Shots, Angle, Movement and Composition Shots: establishing shot, master shot, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, wide shot, two-shot, aerial shot, point of view shot, over the shoulder shot, and variations of these. Angle: high angle, low angle, canted angle. Movement: pan, tilt, track, dolly, crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom. Composition: framing, rule of thirds, depth of field deep and shallow focus, focus pulls.

Describing cinematic shotsamount of subject matter inside the framehow far away the camera is from the subjectand the perspective of the viewer.

Each different shot has a different purpose and effect.

A change between two different shots is called a CUT

15 min presenting the different shots/angles3

Establishing shot & master shotAn establishing shot is usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is usually a very wide shot or extreme wide shot.

A master shot is a film recording of an entire dramatized scene.

Close-Up (CU)Very little background concentrates on either a face, or a specific detailMagnifies the objectTakes us into the mind of a character. An intimate shotWe feel extra comfortable or extremely uncomfortable about a character

This shows very little background, and concentrates on either a face, or a specific detail of mise en scne. Everything else is just a blur in the background.

This shot magnifies the object (think of how big it looks on a cinema screen) and shows the importance of things, be it words written on paper, or the expression on someone's face.

The close-up takes us into the mind of a character. In reality, we only let people that we really trust get THAT close to our face - mothers, children and lovers, usually - so a close up of a face is a very intimate shot.

A film-maker may use this to make us feel extra comfortable or extremely uncomfortable about a character, and usually uses a zoom lens in order to get the required framing.

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Extreme Close Up (ECU, XCU)The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail.You would normally need a specific reason to get this close. It is too close to show general reactions or emotion except in very dramatic scenes.

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Medium Shot & OVS

From the knees/waist up Used for dialogue scenesthe TWO SHOTthe THREE SHOTBackground detail is minimal

OVER-THE-SHOULDER-SHOT (camera behind one figure, revealing the other figure, and part of the first figure's back, head and shoulder).

Contains a figure from the knees/waist up and is normally used for dialogue scenes, or to show some detail of action. Variations include the TWO SHOT (containing two figures from the waist up) the THREE SHOT (contains three figures...).

Any more than three figures and the shot tends to become a long shot.

Background detail is minimal, probably because location has been established earlier in the scene - the audience already know where they are and now want to focus on dialogue and character interaction.

Another variation in this category is the OVER-THE-SHOULDER-SHOT, which positions the camera behind one figure, revealing the other figure, and part of the first figure's back, head and shoulder.

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Long Shot (LS)

Shows the image as approximately "life" sizeFULL SHOT showing the entire human body Focus is on charactersPlenty of background

This is the most difficult to categorise precisely, but is generally one which shows the image as approximately "life" size ie corresponding to the real distance between the audience and the screen in a cinema (the figure of a man would appear as six feet tall).

This category includes the FULL SHOT showing the entire human body, with the head near the top of the frame and the feet near the bottom. While the focus is on characters, plenty of background detail still emerges: we can tell the coffins on the right are in a Western-style setting, for instance.

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Extreme long shot (ELS)Used as a scene-setting, establishing shot. Normally EXTERIOR shotVery little detail visible Gives a general impression

The extreme long shot denotes a precise location.

This can be taken from as much as a quarter of a mile away, and is generally used as a scene-setting, establishing shot.

It normally shows an EXTERIOR, e.g. the outside of a building, or a landscape, and is often used to show scenes of thrilling action e.g. in a war film or disaster movie.

There will be very little detail visible in the shot, it's meant to give a general impression rather than specific information.

The extreme long shot on the left is taken from a distance, but denotes a precise location - it might even connote all of the entertainment industry if used as the opening shot in a news story.

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Cutaway (CA) & Cut-In (CI)Like a cutaway, a cut-in specifically refers to showing some part of the subject in detail.Can be used purely as an edit point, or to emphasise emotion etc. For example, hand movements can show enthusiasm, agitation, nervousness, etc

A cutaway is a shot that's usually of something other than the current action. It could be a different subject, a close up of a different part of the subject, or just about anything else (e.g. the surrounding scenery like the example)

The cutaway is used as a "buffer" between shots (to help the editing process), or to add interest/information.

ANGLES

Camera Angles Camera angles and movements combine to create a sequence of images, just as words, word order and punctuation combine to make the meaning of a sentence.

Camera angles and movements combine to create a sequence of images, just as words, word order and punctuation combine to make the meaning of a sentence. You need a straightforward set of key terms to describe them.

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VARIOUS ANGLES

"Low Angle" is the name for this kind of shot, because the camera is low. It's useful because it can make people look powerful. But avoid it for most general shooting. Most of the time you want to shoot people at their eye level. It makes the camera a neutral observer. Shooting down on people gives the impression that they are submissive. This is called a "High Angle" shot. While this is a technique advanced users can use to achieve a desired effect--it's not appropriate for general shooting.

This is a completely different and somewhat unnatural point of view which can be used for dramatic effect or for showing a different spatial perspective.In drama it can be used to show the positions and motions of different characters and objects, enabling the viewer to see things the characters can't.The bird's-eye view is also very useful in sports, documentaries, etc

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POINT OF VIEW (POV)This shot shows a view from the subject's perspective. It is usually edited in such a way that it is obvious whose POV it is.

Use your phone cameras Create your own examples!Establishing shot/master shotClose-upMid-shot(medium shot)Long shotWide shotTwo-shotPoint of view shotOver the shoulder shot High angle, low angle, canted angle

Camera Movementpan, tilt, track, dolly, crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom.

CraneIn filmmaking and video production, a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane or jib. The most obvious uses are to view the actors from above or to move up and away from them, a common way of ending a movie.

TrackTracking is often more narrowly defined as movement parallel to the action, or at least at a constant distance.

Panning Horizontal camera movement - left and right A fixed location - tripod or shoulder

A pan is a horizontal camera movement in which the camera moves left and right about a central axis. This is a swivelling movement, i.e. mounted in a fixed location on a tripod or shoulder, rather than a dolly-like movement in which the entire mounting system moves.

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Tilting Vertical camera movement - up or down Stationary locationLess common than panning Humans look left and right more than look up and down.

A tilt is a vertical camera movement in which the camera points up or down from a stationary location. For example, if you mount a camera on your shoulder and nod it up and down, you are tilting the camera.Tilting is less common than panning because that's the way humans work we look left and right more often than we look up 20

Dolly shot A dolly is a cart which travels along The camera mounted on the dollyNumber of applications Dramatic footage

A dolly is a cart which travels along tracks. The camera is mounted on the dolly and records the shot as it moves. Dolly shots have a number of applications and can provide very dramatic footage.This provides the greatest degree of movement, assuming of course that a suitable surface is available.

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Hand-held

Hand-held camera or hand-held shooting is a filmmaking and video production technique in which a camera is held in the camera operator's hands as opposed to being mounted on a tripod or other base.

SteadicamSteadicam is a brand of camera stabilizer mount for motion picture cameras that mechanically isolates it from the operator's movement. It allows for a smooth shot, even when moving quickly over an uneven surface.

Zoom / Reverse zoomZooming in filmmaking and television production refers to the technique of changing the focal length of a zoom lens

Compostionframing, rule of thirds, depth of field deep and shallow focus, focus pulls.

Rule of thirdsThe rule of thirds states than an image is most pleasing when its subjects or regions are composed along imaginary lines which divide the image into thirds both vertically and horizontally:

Rule of thirds

Focus pulls

The focus pull is a creative camera technique in which you change focus during a shot. Usually this means adjusting the focus from one subject to another.