tfin50 part 1 summary notes for sap fi certification ( c_tfin52_64)

7/31/2019 TFIN50 Part 1 Summary Notes for SAP FI Certification ( C_TFIN52_64)

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Cmgng`mni N``krgxmga XCMG 26[> V|bvn|bh l}?

Preen|} _bbpjng \ Jn|}ngm

Vnab > kc 06

Cmgng`mni N``krgxmga XCMG 26[>

Preen|}

V|bvn|bh L}

_bbpjng \nzn Jn|}ngm

N@N) N@@N Cmgnimpx

@b|xmcmbh CM@KLQ

_bbpjng'jn|}ngmFaenmi'`ke





Vnab < kc 06

@kgxbgxp

Rgmx > ‐ Lnpm` Pbxxmgap ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0Ibppkg > ‐ K|angmnxmkgni Rgmxp ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0Ibppkg < ‐ Lnpm` Pbxxmgap mg Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxmga ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2

Ibppkg < ‐ Sn|mngx V|mg mvib '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3Ibppkg 0 ‐ Cmp`ni ]bn| ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3

Ibppkg 8 ‐ @r||bg`mbp '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3Rgmx < ‐ Enpxb| Hnxn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :

Ibppkg > ‐ Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxp ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :Ibppkg < ‐ V|kcmx @bgxb| ngh Pbaebgxp '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ><

Ibppkg 0 ‐ @rpxkeb|+Sbghk| N``krgxp '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ><Rgmx 0 ‐ Hk`rebgx @kgx|ki '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >8

Ibppkg > ‐ Hk`rebgx Px|r`xr|b '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >8Ibppkg < ‐ Vkpxmga Vb|mkhp ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >2

Ibppkg 0 ‐ Vkpxmga Nrxjk|mnxmkg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >3Ibppkg 8 % Pmevib Hk`rebgxp mg Cmgng`mni N``krgxmga '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >3

Rgmx 8 ‐ Vkpxmga @kgx|ki '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Ibppkg > ‐ Hk`rebgx Pvimxxmga''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1

Ibppkg < ‐ Hbcnrix Snirbp '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >=Ibppkg 0 ‐ @jngab @kgx|ki '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >=

Ibppkg 8 ‐ Hk`rebgx \bsb|pni '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <6Ibppkg 2 ‐ Vn}ebgx Xb|ep ngh @npj Hmp`krgx''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <6

Ibppkg 3 ‐ Xnzbp '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <>

Ibppkg 1 ‐ @|kpp @kevng} X|ngpn`xmkgp ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <0Ibppkg : ‐ \bni Xmeb Mgxba|nxmkg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <0

Rgmx 2 ‐ @ibn|mga ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <2

Ibppkg > ‐ Kvbg Mxbe @ibn|mga '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <2Ibppkg < ‐ Mg`kemga # Krxakmga Vn}ebgxp ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <2

Ibppkg 0 ‐ Vn}ebgx Hmccb|bg`bp '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <3Ibppkg 8 ‐ Bz`jngab \nxb Hmccb|bg`bp ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <1

Rgmx 3 ‐ @npj Okr|gni ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <:Ibppkg > ‐ @npj Okr|gni @kgcmar|nxmkg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <:

Ibppkg < ‐ @npj Okr|gni X|ngpn xmkgp '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <:Rgmx 1 ‐ Nhhmxmkgni Xkvm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <=

Ibppkg > ‐ Kxjb| Xkvm`p mg Gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxmga''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <=





Vnab 0 kc 06

Rgmx > ‐ Lnpm` Pbxxmgap

Ibppkg > ‐ K|angmnxmkgni Rgmxp

@imbgx mp xjb jmajbpx ibsbi mg PNV B\V P}pxbe Jmb|n|`j}'

Nx `imbgx ibsbi) pvb`mcm`nxmkgp ngh hnxn snimh ck| nii k|angmnxmkgp n|b bgxb|bh xk nskmh hrvim`nxmkg kc hnxn bgx|}'

Bn`j `imbgx mp xb`jgm`nii} mghbvbghbgx rgmx qmxj pbvn|nxb enpxb| |b`k|hp ngh `kevibxb pbx kc xnlibpngh hnxn'

Xk ika kg xk p}pxbe) kgb erpx bgxb| RPB\ enpxb| |b`k|h ngh @imbgx db}'

N `kevng} `khb *emgmere px|r`xr|b mg CM- |bv|bpbgxp ng mghbvbghbgx lning`mga+ibani n``krgxmgabgxmx}'

Bsb|} k|angmnxmkg ck| qjm`j n cmgng`mni pxnxbebgx ngh v|kcmx ngh ikpp pxnxbebgx *V#I- mp xk lb`|bnxbh erpx lb pxk|bh np n `kevng} `khb mg xjb PNV p}pxbe'

@kv}mga `kevng} `khb *8 hmamx nivjn greb|m` db}- qmii `kv} ckiikqmga

k Hbcmgmxmkg ‐ Jb|b qb hbcmgb ckiikqmga 8 @jn|n`xb| greb|m` `khb

@kevng} Gneb @mx}

@krgx|} *gkq `niibh Jkeb- @r||bg`} *gkq `niibh ik`ni `r||bg`}-

Ingarnab Nhh|bpp

k Aiklni Vn|nebxb|p @jn|x kc N``krgxp

Cmp`ni ]bn| @k @khb hbcnrixp

k @rpxkemmga Xnlibp

k AI N``krgxp *kvxmkgni-

k N``krgx Hbxb|emgnxmkg

Qjbg qb hbcmgb n lrpmgbpp n|bn) qb kgi} jnsb xk bgxb| n ckr| hmamx nivjngreb|m` db} ngh n pjk|xhbp`|mvxmkg' Qjb|bnp Pbaebgxp jnsb xbg `jn|n`xb|p) `kevngmbp jnsb pmz `jn|n`xb|p *bmxjb| greb|m`

k| nivjngreb|m`-'

Xjb `krgx|} mgpxniinxmkg v|ka|ne gkx kgi} `|bnxbp n `krgx|}%pvb`mcm` `kevng} `khb xbevinxb lrx nipkn `krgx|}%pvb`mcm` xbevinxb ck| `kgx|kiimga n|bnp) vingxp) vr|`jnpmga k|angmnxmkgp) pnibp

k|angmnxmkgp) `|bhmx `kgx|ki n|bnp) cmgng`mni engnabebgx n|bnp) ngh pk kg'

Lrpmgbpp n|bn? Lrpmgbpp n|bnp |bv|bpbgx pbvn|nxb n|bnp kc kvb|nxmkg qmxjmg ng k|angmnxmkg ngh `ng lbrpbh n`|kpp `kevng} `khbp' Xjb} n|b lning`mga bgxmxmbp xjnx `ng `|bnxb xjbm| kqg pbx kc cmgng`mni

pxnxbebgxp ck| mgxb|gni k| bzxb|gni vr|vkpbp' Mx mp xjb|bck|b vkppmlib xk pnsb ngh bsnirnxb x|ngpn`xmkgcmar|bp ck| bn`j lrpmgbpp n|bn'

V|kcmx `bgxb|? Xjb nme kc xjb v|kcmx `bgxb| mgskm`b mp xk v|ksmhb ng mgxb|gni ngni}pmp kc v|kcmxp' C|keng N``krgxmga vkmgx kc smbq mx erpx lb hbxb|emgbh qjbxjb| kgi} n v|kcmx ngh ikpp pxnxbebgx nx v|kcmx

`bgxb| ibsbi mp xk lb `|bnxbh *hk`rebgx l|bndhkqg gkx n`xmsb- k| qjbxjb| n cmgng`mni pxnxbebgx mp nipkxk lb `|bnxbh *hk`rebgx l|bndhkqg n`xmsb-'





Vnab 8 kc 06

Pbaebgx? N``k|hmga xk mgxb|gnxmkgni n``krgxmga v|mg`mvibp *MC\P : ngh PCNP >0>- `kevngmbp n|b

klimabh xk v|ksmhb mgck|enxmkg mg xjbm| |bvk|xp kg xjb cmgng`mni |bprixp kc lrpmgbpp pbaebgxp*kvb|nxmga pbaebgxp-' Xjmp mgck|enxmkg mp rpbh xk endb hb`mpmkgp kg xjb niik`nxmkg kc |bpkr|`bp xk

pbaebgxp ngh xk bsnirnxb vb|ck|eng`b'

@kevng}? @kevngmbp n|b rpbh np n lnpmp ck| xjb `kgpkimhnxmkg crg`xmkgp ck| cmgng`mni n``krgxmga mgxjb PNV p}pxbe' N `kevng} `ng `kgxnmg kgb k| ek|b `kevng} `khbp'

Crg`xmkgni n|bn? Mg `kpx%kc%pnibp n``krgxmga) kvb|nxmga `kpxp n|b pk|xbh n``k|hmga xk crg`xmkg*nhemgmpx|nxmkg) pnibp) ngh pk kg-'

@rpxkeb| qjk qmpjbp xk h|nq rv cmgng`mni pxnxbebgxp l} lrpmgbpp n|bnp) v|kcmx `bgxb|p k| pbaebgxpjnsb xk n`xmsnxb hk`rebgx l|bndhkqg'

N `kgx|kiimga n|bn mhbgxmcmbp n pbic%`kgxnmgbh k|angmnxmkgni px|r`xr|b ck| qjm`j `kpxp ngh |bsbgrbp`ng lb engnabh ngh niik`nxbh' Mx |bv|bpbgxp n pbvn|nxb rgmx kc `kpx n``krgxmga'

Ek|b xjng kgb `kevng} `khb `ng lb nppmagbh xk kgb k| ek|b `kgx|kiimga n|bnp' Xjmp bgnlibp n `|kpp%`kevng} `khb `kpx n``krgxmga lbxqbbg xjb nppmagbh `kevng} `khbp'

Jkqbsb|) nppmagmga ek|b xjng kgb `kevng} `khb xk xjb pneb `kgx|kiimga n|bn mp

vkppmlib kgi} mc

k nii xjb nppmagbh `kevng} `khbp rpb xjb pneb kvb|nxmga `jn|x kc n``krgxp

k Jnsb xjb pneb cmp`ni }bn| sn|mngx'





Vnab 2 kc 06

Ibppkg < ‐ Lnpm` Pbxxmgap mg Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxmga

PNV v|ksmhbp xjb ibnhmga ibhab| 6I ngh xkxnip xnlib CNAICIBZX qmxj xjb pxnghn|h p}pxbe'

Qb `ng nipk hbcmgb kxjb|) gkg%ibnhmga ibhab|p *vn|niibi n``krgxmga-) ck| bznevib) ck| ik`ni

|barinxmkgp' Xjmp mp dgkqg np xjb ibhab| nvv|kn`j mg xjb gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab|' Qb jnsb kvxmkg kc hbcmgmga n hmccb|bgx cmp`ni }bn| mg gkg%ibnhmga ibhab|p'

Xjb|b mp bzn`xi} kgb ibnhmga ibhab|. Kgi} xjb snirbp c|ke xjb ibnhmga ibhab| n|b vkpxbh xk @K mg xjbpxnghn|h p}pxbe'

Mg nhhmxmkg xk xjb ibhab| nvv|kn`j) xjb|b mp nipk xjb n``krgxp nvv|kn`j' Mg xjmp nvv|kn`j) hmccb|bgxsnirnxmkg nvv|kn`jbp ngh snirnxmkgp n|b vkpxbh xk hmccb|bgx n``krgxp' Qjbg cmgng`mni pxnxbebgxp n|b

v|bvn|bh) xjb p}pxbe hbxb|emgbp qjm`j n``krgxp n|b |bibsngx ngh gbbh xk lb bsnirnxbh ck| MNP) ck|bznevib) n``k|hmga xk xjb |bpvb`xmsb ’cmgng`mni pxnxbebgx sb|pmkg'

N p`bgn|mk hbcmgbp qjm`j cmbihp n|b rvhnxbh mg xjb ibhab| *mg xjb abgb|ni ibhab| smbq- hr|mga vkpxmga

*c|ke kxjb| nvvim`nxmkg `kevkgbgx- Xjbpb p`bgn|mkp n|b nsnminlib mg `rpxkemmga qjm`j n|b nppmagbh xk Ibhab| ngh `nggkx lb `|bnxbh' N

ibhab| `ng lb nppmagbh kgb k| nii pmz p`bgn|mkp'





Vnab 3 kc 06

Ibppkg < ‐ Sn|mngx V|mg`mvib

Xjb sn|mngx v|mg`mvib mp n 0 pxbv ebxjkh mg PNV p}pxbe xk nppmag vn|xm`rin| v|kvb|xmbp xk kgb k| ek|b

klob`xp m'b'k Hbcmgb Sn|mngx *D8 cmp`ni }bn|-

k Hbxb|emgb snirbp ck| xjb sn|mngx *v|kvb|xmbp-

k Nppmag xjb sn|mngx xk klob`x *D8 xk @k @khb-

Enok| bznevibp mg`irhb Cmbih Pxnxrp) Vkpxmga Vb|mkhp) Cmp`ni ]bn| bx`)

Ibppkg 0 ‐ Cmp`ni ]bn|

C] `ng lb hbcmgbh np

k ]bn| Mghbvbghbgx *Gk ngh pxn|x+bgh hnxbp ck| xjb vb|mkh n|b pneb ck| bsb|} }bn|-

k ]bn| Pvb`mcm` *Vb|mkhp `ng sn|} c|ke }bn| xk }bn|-

Xjb cmp`ni }bn| sn|mngx `kgxnmgp xjb hbcmgmxmkg kc vkpxmga vb|mkhp ngh pvb`mni vb|mkhp' Pvb`mni vb|mkhpn|b rpbh ck| vkpxmgap xjnx n|b gkx nppmagbh xk xmeb vb|mkhp) lrx xk xjb lrpmgbpp v|k`bpp kc }bn|%bgh`ikpmga' Mg xkxni) }kr `ng hbcmgb >3 vb|mkhp'

N }bn|%mghbvbghbgx cmp`ni }bn| sn|mngx `ng lb hbcmgbh np?@nibghn| }bn| *Ong ‐ hb`-

Gkg%`nibghn| }bn|

N cmp`ni }bn| sn|mngx jnp xk lb hbcmgbh np }bn|%pvb`mcm` mc kgb k| lkxj kc xjb ckiikqmga `kghmxmkgp mpcricmiibh?

k Xjb pxn|x ngh xjb bgh hnxb kc xjb vkpxmga vb|mkhp kc pkeb cmp`ni }bn|p qmii lb hmccb|bgx c|kexjb hnxbp kc kxjb| cmp`ni }bn|p'

k Pkeb cmp`ni }bn|p rpb n hmccb|bgx grelb| kc vkpxmga vb|mkhp'

Mc kgb }bn| kc n cmp`ni }bn| sn|mngx jnp ibpp vkpxmga vb|mkhp xjng xjb kxjb|p) mx mp `niibh n pjk|xbgbhcmp`ni }bn|

Ibppkg 8 ‐ @r||bg`mbp

N `r||bg`} db} erpx lb nppmagbh xk bsb|} `r||bg`} rpbh qmxj n snimhmx} hnxb

Ck| bsb|} `kelmgnxmkg kc xqk `r||bg`mbp) qb `ng enmgxnmg hmccb|bgx bz`jngab |nxbp qjm`j n|bhmpxmgarmpjbh l} ng bz`jngab |nxb x}vb' Xjmp `ng lb rpbh ck| sn|mkrp vr|vkpbp pr`j np snirnxmkg)

`kgsb|pmkg) x|ngpinxmkg) ngh vinggmga'

Xjb |binxmkgpjmv lbxqbbg `r||bg`mbp erpx lb enmgxnmgbh vb| bz`jngab |nxb x}vb ngh `r||bg`} vnm|rpmga x|ngpinxmkg |nxmkp' Xjmp rprnii} jnp xk lb vb|ck|ebh kgi} kg`b'

N sb|} bccm`mbgx `kelmgnxmkg kc xjb bz`jngab |nxb xkkip mp?

k Rpmga n lnpb `r||bg`} ck| xjb nsb|nab |nxb *E-

k Rpmga xjb bz`jngab |nxb pv|bnhp xk `ni`rinxb xjb lr}mga ngh pbiimga |nxbp *L ngh A-

N lnpb `r||bg`} `ng lb nppmagbh xk ng bz`jngab |nxb x}vb' Qb xjbg kgi} jnsb xk enmgxnmg bz`jngab|nxbp ck| nii kxjb| `r||bg`mbp mgxk xjmp lnpb `r||bg`}' N x|ngpinxmkg lbxqbbg xqk ck|bmag `r||bg`mbp mp

`ni`rinxbh smn xjb lnpb `r||bg`}) xjnx mp) l} `kelmgmga xqk bz`jngab |nxbp'





Vnab 1 kc 06

Mg hm|b`x ~rkxnxmkg) kgb rgmx kc ck|bmag `r||bg`} mp ~rkxbh ck| xjb ik`ni `r||bg`}) qjb|bnp mg mghm|b`x

~rkxnxmkg) kgb rgmx kc ik`ni `r||bg`} mp ~rkxbh ck| xjb ck|bmag `r||bg`}'

Bz`jngab |nxbp `ng lb bgxb|bh np n hm|b`x k| mghm|b`x ~rkxnxmkg' Qb `ng enmgxnmg xqk v|bcmzbp xjnx`ng lb rpbh xk hmccb|bgxmnxb lbxqbbg hm|b`x ngh mghm|b`x ~rkxnxmkg bz`jngab |nxbp hr|mga mgvrx ngh

hmpvin}' Mc qb hk gkx bgxb| n v|bcmz) xjb pxnghn|h pbxxmga mp snimh? ’ ’ *lingd) qmxjkrx n v|bcmz- ck| hm|b`x ~rkxnxmkg bz`jngab |nxbp

’+― ck| mghm|b`x ~rkxnxmkg bz`jngab |nxbp





Vnab : kc 06

Rgmx < ‐ Enpxb| Hnxn

Ibppkg > ‐ Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxp

Xjb|b n|b 0 pxbvp xk `|bnxb ngh rpb `jn|x kc n``krgxp

k Hbcmgb @KNk Hbcmgb V|kvb|xmbp kc @KN

k Nppmag mx xk @k @khb

Xjb `jn|x kc n``krgxp mp n sn|mngx xjnx `kgxnmgp xjb px|r`xr|b ngh xjb lnpm`

Mgck|enxmkg nlkrx abgb|ni ibhab| n``krgxp'

]kr hbcmgb xjb `jn|x kc n``krgxp qmxj n ckr|%`jn|n`xb| MH'

]kr hbcmgb xjb mghmsmhrni `kevkgbgxp kc xjb `jn|x kc n``krgx) ck| bznevib)

ingarnab) ibgaxj kc xjb A+I n``krgx grelb|) a|krv `jn|x kc n``krgxp) pxnxrp

Xjb ibgaxj kc xjb A+I n``krgx grelb|p `ng lb c|ke > xk >6 hmamxp'

Bsb|} `kevng} `khb erpx jnsb n `jn|x kc n``krgxp nppmagbh xk mx' Kgb `jn|x kc n``krgxp `ng lb

nppmagbh xk pbsb|ni `kevng} `khbp *sn|mngx v|mg`mvib-'

Mc `kevng} `khbp mgxbgh xk rpb `|kpp%`kevng} `khb `kgx|kiimga) xjb} erpx rpb xjb pneb `jn|x kc n``krgxp'





Vnab = kc 06

Xjb mgck|enxmkg ck| ng n``krgx mp preen|mbh mg n `jn|x kc n``krgxp pbaebgx'

k Mx `kgxnmgp? N``krgx grelb|

Gneb kc xjb n``krgx *np pjk|x ngh np ikga xbzx-

@kgx|ki cmbihp *pbb xjb ckiikqmga a|nvjm`p- @kgpkimhnxmkg cmbihp

Xjb mgck|enxmkg bgxb|bh mg xjb `jn|x kc n``krgx pbaebgx ck| n A+I n``krgx nvvimbp xk nii `kevng}`khbp'

Xbzxp bgxb|bh ck| xjb `jn|x kc n``krgxp pbaebgx n|b engnabh l} xbzx MH ngh ingarnab'

Qb `ng hbcmgb ngh `jngab xjb in}krx kc xjb xnl vnabp ck| xjb mghmsmhrni v|k`bppmga kc xjb A+In``krgx enpxb| hnxn' Qb `ng hbcmgb?

k Xjb grelb| kc xnl vnabp

k Xjb xmxib kc xjb xnl vnabp

k Xjb cmbih a|krvp xjnx qb |b~rm|b ngh xjbm| vkpmxmkg kg xjb xnl vnabp

k Qb `ng pbib`x xjb in}krxp ck| `bgx|ni v|k`bppmga) ngh v|k`bppmga mg xjb `jn|x kc n``krgxp% ngh`kevng} `khb%pvb`mcm` n|bn'

Xk rpb kgb kc xjb n``krgxp c|ke xjb nppmagbh `jn|x kc n``krgxp mg kr| `kevng} `khb) qb erpx `|bnxbn `kevng} `khb pbaebgx ck| xjb n``krgx'

Qb hbcmgb xjb mgck|enxmkg xjnx mp |bibsngx xk bn`j `kevng} `khb mg @k @khb Pbaebgx?

k @r||bg`}

k Xnzbp

k \b`kg`mimnxmkg n``krgx

k Imgb mxbe hmpvin}

k Pk|x db}

k Cmbih pxnxrp a|krv

k Jkrpb lngd k Mgxb|bpx `ni`rinxmkg mgck|enxmkg

Mg xjb `jn|x kc n``krgxp pbaebgx) qb jnsb xk pvb`mc} qjbxjb| xjb n``krgx mp n lning`b pjbbx k| nv|kcmx ngh ikpp pxnxbebgx n``krgx lb`nrpb kc xjbm| x|bnxebgx mg xjb `ikpmga v|k`bhr|b'

k Ck| lning`b pjbbx n``krgxp) xjb lning`b mp `n||mbh ck|qn|h xk xjb pneb n``krgx'

k Ck| v|kcmx ngh ikpp pxnxbebgx n``krgxp) xjb lning`b mp `n||mbh ck|qn|h xk n |bxnmgbh bn|gmgapn``krgx ngh xjb v|kcmx ngh ikpp pxnxbebgx n``krgx mp pbx xk b|k'

Mc xjb|b mp kgi} kgb |bxnmgbh bn|gmgap n``krgx) xjb p}pxbe nrxkenxm`nii} rpbp xjb kgb hbcmgbh mg@rpxkemmga' Mc xjb|b mp ek|b xjng kgb |bxnmgbh bn|gmgap n``krgx) qjbg qb `|bnxb n enpxb| |b`k|h)

qb `ng pbib`x xjb |bxnmgbh bn|gmgap n``krgx ck| bn`j v|kcmx ngh ikpp pxnxbebgx n``krgx'

Pmg`b n `jn|x kc n``krgxp `kgxnmgp eng} hmccb|bgx x}vbp kc n``krgxp) xjb} `ng lb a|krvbh mgxk

hmccb|bgx n``krgx a|krvp' Xjb N``krgx a|krvp `kgx|ki xqk enmg xjmgap

k Grelb| |ngabp kc n``krgxp

k Cmbih pxnxrp mg xjb `kevng} `khb pbaebgx kc enpxb| |b`k|h

Xjb cmbih pxnxrp bgnlibp xk `kgx|ki xjb hmpvin} ngh enmgxbgng`b kc ng n``krgx!p enpxb| hnxn'

k Jmhb % cmbihp xjnx qb hk gkx rpb'

k Hmpvin} % Cmbihp qjkpb snirbp erpx gkx lb `jngabh *bsbg mg `jngab ekhb-'

k \b~rm|bh ‐ Ck| cmbihp qjb|b qb erpx bgxb| n snirb'

k Kvxmkgni % Cmbihp xjnx `ng `kgxnmg ng bgx|}) lrx n|b gkx |b~rm|bh





Vnab >> kc 06

Qb `ng rpb n a|krv `jn|x kc n``krgxp' Xjb a|krv `jn|x kc n``krgxp erpx lb nppmagbh xk bn`jkvb|nxmkgni `jn|x kc n``krgxp' Mc xjmp mp hkgb) xjb cmbih A|krv n``krgx grelb| mg xjb `jn|x kc n``krgxpbaebgxp kc xjb kvb|nxmkgni `jn|xp kc n``krgxp mp n |b~rm|bh bgx|} cmbih' Hmpnhsngxnab? Lb`nrpb xjb

`kevng} `khbp rpb hmccb|bgx kvb|nxmkgni `jn|xp kc n``krgxp) gk mgxb|%`kevng} `khb `kgx|kiimga `ng

lb vb|ck|ebh' Ng nixb|gnxmsb xk rpmga n a|krv `jn|x kc n``krgxp mp xk rpb n `krgx|} `jn|x kc n``krgxp' Xjb `krgx|}

`jn|x kc n``krgxp grelb| *nixb|gnxmsb n``krgx grelb|- mp bgxb|bh mg bsb|} `kevng} `khb pbaebgx'Bsb|} `krgx|} `jn|x kc n``krgxp grelb| `ng kgi} lb rpbh kg`b' Hmpnhsngxnab? N``krgxmga `ib|dp

qjk en} lb cnemimn| qmxj xjb `krgx|} `jn|xp kc n``krgxp cm|px jnsb xk abx rpbh xk rpmga xjbkvb|nxmkgni `jn|x kc n``krgxp'





Vnab >< kc 06

Ibppkg < ‐ V|kcmx @bgxb| ngh Pbaebgxp

PNV bgnlibp xk pnsb n pbaebgx mg xjb enpxb| hnxn kc n v|kcmx `bgxb| xjrp pbaebgx mp vkpxbh xk

nrxkenxm`nii} qjbg xjb v|kcmx `bgxb| mp vkpxbh xk' Xjb|b mp gk hree} pbaebgx vkpxmga np mg xjb v|kcmx `bgxb| ikam`

Pbaebgx mp hb|msbh xj|r V|kcmx @bgxb| mg ckiikqmga `npbp?

k Enxb|mni Engnabebgx+V|khr`xmkg ‐ Enxb|mni Enpxb| k| @kgx|kiimga Klob`x

k Pnibp # Hmpx|mlrxmkg ‐ Pnibp K|hb|

k @kgx|kiimga ‐ @kpx klob`xp imdb @kpx @bgxb|) Mgxb|gni K|hb| bx`'

k Kxjb| `npbp Engrni bgx|}

LNhM mevibebgxnxmkg *CNAI[HB\MSB[PBAEBGX- hbcmgmga prlpxmxrxmkg |ribp

Pxnghn|h n``krgx nppmagebgx'

V|kcmx @bgxb| N``krgxmga jnp mxp jmpxk|m`ni k|mamg mg @kgx|kiimga' Jkqbsb|) hrb xk mxp mg`|bnpbhpmagmcm`ng`b ck| bzxb|gni n``krgxmga) mx mp gkq nipk n vn|x kc Cmgng`mni N``krgxmga'

Bn`j mghmsmhrni `kevng} hb`mhbp qjbxjb| V|kcmx @bgxb| N``krgxmga mp ng mgpx|rebgx kc mgxb|gni k|bzxb|gni n``krgxmga'

Ibppkg 0 ‐ @rpxkeb|+Sbghk| N``krgxp

Orpx imdb abgb|ni ibhab| n``krgxp) `rpxkeb| ngh sbghk| n``krgxp nipk jnsb xqk pbaebgxp?

k Kgb pbaebgx nx ìmbgx ibsbi xjnx `kgxnmgp abgb|ni hnxn' Xjmp hnxn `ng lb n``bppbh xj|krajkrxxjb qjkib k|angmnxmkg'

k N pbaebgx nx `kevng} `khb ibsbi xjnx `kgxnmgp `kevng} `khb%pvb`mcm` hnxn' Ng} `kevng}`khb xjnx qmpjbp xk hk lrpmgbpp qmxj n pvb`mcm` `rpxkeb| k| sbghk| jnp xk `|bnxb n `kevng}

`khb pbaebgx ck| xjmp `rpxkeb| k| sbghk|' Bzxbgpmkg xk `kevng} `khb'

Lb`nrpb xjb pnibp ngh hmpx|mlrxmkg hbvn|xebgx nipk pxn}p mg `kgxn`x qmxj n `rpxkeb| ngh jnp xk dgkqpvb`mcm` hnxn nlkrx xjmp `rpxkeb|) n 'pnibp n|bn pbaebgx `ng lb `|bnxbh ck| bn`j `rpxkeb|'

Ng} vr|`jnpmga k|angmnxmkg xjnx qngxp xk hk lrpmgbpp qmxj n sbghk| jnp xk `|bnxb n vr|`jnpmgak|angmnxmkg pbaebgx cm|px' Xjb vr|`jnpmga k|angmnxmkg pbaebgx `kgxnmgp vr|`jnpmga k|angmnxmkg%pvb`mcm` hnxn'

N `kevibxb `rpxkeb| n``krgx `kgpmpxp kc xjb ckiikqmga xj|bb pbaebgxp?

k Abgb|ni hnxn nx xjb ìmbgx ibsbi

k @kevng} `khb pbaebgx

k Pnibp n|bn pbaebgx

N `kevibxb sbghk| n``krgx `kgpmpxp kc xjb ckiikqmga xj|bb pbaebgxp?

k Abgb|ni hnxn nx xjb ìmbgx ibsbi

k @kevng} `khb pbaebgx

k Vr|`jnpmga k|angmnxmkg pbaebgx

@rpxkeb| + Enpxb| Hnxn |b`k|hp `ng lb enmgxnmgbh `bgx|nii} ck| nii n|bnp k| pbvn|nxbi} ck| Cmgng`mniN``krgxmga ngh Pnibp ngh Hmpx|mlrxmkg+Enxb|mni Enpxb|'





Vnab >0 kc 06

Qb `ng v|bsbgx xjb `|bnxmkg kc hrvim`nxb n``krgxp np ckiikqp?

k Rpb xjb enx`j `khb lbck|b }kr `|bnxb n gbq n``krgx

k N`xmsnxb xjb nrxkenxm` hrvim`nxmkg `jb`d

Imgb mxbe hmpvin} ngh kvbg mxbe engnabebgx n|b `kgcmar|bh np pxnghn|h ck| bsb|} `rpxkeb|+sbghk|

n``krgx' Xjb N``krgx a|krv mg @rpxkeb|+Sbghk| `kgx|kip xjb ckiikqmga?

k Grelb| \ngabp kc N``krgx

k Pxnxrp cmbih mg xjb enpxb| |b`k|h

k Kgb xmeb Sbghk|+`rpxkeb|

Ck| bn`j grelb| |ngab }kr `ng hbcmgb qjbxjb| xjb grelb| nppmagebgx mp mgxb|gni k| bzxb|gni'Mgxb|gni grelb|p n|b nppmagbh l} xjb p}pxbe) qjb|bnp bzxb|gni grelb|p n|b bgxb|bh l} xjb rpb| qjk`|bnxbp xjb |b`k|h' Bzxb|gni grelb|p en} lb nivjngreb|m`'

Ck| nii `rpxkeb|p k| sbghk|p qmxj qjke }kr |n|bi} hk lrpmgbpp) `|bnxb n pvb`mni `rpxkeb| ngh npvb`mni sbghk| enpxb| |b`k|h' Xjbpb enpxb| |b`k|hp `kgxnmg |b`bmsnlibp ngh vn}nlibp ck| kgb%xmeb`rpxkeb|p+sbghk|p *kgb%xmeb n``krgxp-'

Xjb in}krx kc `rpxkeb|+sbghk| enpxb| hnxn p`|bbgp `ng lb nccb`xbh l} pbsb|ni cn`xk|p?k N``krgx a|krv%pvb`mcm` `kgx|ki? Rprnii}) xjb cmbih pxnxrp mp `kgx|kiibh kgi} l} xjb n``krgx

a|krv' Xjmp ebngp xjnx nii n``krgxp kc kgb n``krgx a|krv jnsb xjb pneb p`|bbg in}krx'

k X|ngpn`xmkg%hbvbghbgx `kgx|ki? Xjb cmbih pxnxrp `ng lb hbvbghbgx kg xjb enpxb| hnxnx|ngpn`xmkg *@|bnxb) @jngab k| Hmpvin}-' Xjb x|ngpn`xmkg%hbvbghbgx cmbih pxnxrp pjkrih lb pbx

xk hmpvin}4 ck| xjb `jngab x|ngpn`xmkg mc xjb cmbih mp gkx xk lb `jngabh ncxb| mx jnp lbbg `|bnxbh)pr`j np xjb |b`kg`mimnxmkg n``krgx cmbih) ck| bznevib'

k @kevng} `khb%hbvbghbgx `kgx|ki? Qb n|b ni|bnh} cnemimn| qmxj xjb n``krgx a|krv% nghx|ngpn`xmkg%hbvbghbgx cmbih pxnxrp c|ke abgb|ni ibhab| n``krgx a|krvp' Qb `ng `kgx|ki xjb

cmbih pxnxrp ck| cmbihp mg xjb `kevng} `khb pbaebgx kc `rpxkeb| ngh sbghk| enpxb| |b`k|hpsmn xjb `kevng} `khb%pvb`mcm` p`|bbg in}krx' Qb `ng jmhb cmbihp xjnx n|b gkx rpbh mg n

pvb`mcm` `kevng} `khb) lrx bgxb| snirbp mg xjbpb cmbihp mg kxjb| `kevng} `khbp' Ck| bznevib)mc n `kevng} `khb hkbp gkx qngx xk rpb xjb hrggmga v|ka|ne) jmhb xjb |bibsngx cmbihp ck| xjmp

`kevng} `khb'

Xjb n``krgx a|krv%pvb`mcm` cmbih pxnxrp) xjb x|ngpn`xmkg%pvb`mcm` cmbih pxnxrp ngh xjb `kevng} `khb%pvb`mcm` cmbih pxnxrp n|b `kevn|bh) ngh xjb cmbih pxnxrp qmxj xjb jmajbpx v|mk|mx} mp rpbh'

Qb gkq `ng hbcmgb xjnx kgb vb|pkg endbp `jngabp xk `rpxkeb| k| sbghk| enpxb| hnxn qjmib ngkxjb|vb|pkg mp |bpvkgpmlib ck| `kgcm|emga xjb `jngabp) rprnii} ck| `|mxm`ni `rpxkeb|+sbghk| `jngabp'

Mc n `rpxkeb| mp nipk n sbghk|) k| sm`b sb|pn) xjb vn}ebgx ngh xjb hrggmga v|ka|ne `ng ìbn| kvbgmxbep nanmgpx bn`j kxjb|' Xjb kvbg mxbep kc xjb nppmagbh n``krgx `ng nipk lb hmpvin}bh mg xjb imgbmxbe hmpvin} ngh xjb kvbg mxbe pbib`xmkg p`|bbgp' Xk ìbn| kvbg mxbep) qb jnsb xk `n||} krx xjb

ckiikqmga pxbvp?

k Qb jnsb xk bgxb| xjb sbghk| n``krgx grelb| mg xjb `rpxkeb| n``krgx) k| sm`b sb|pn'k Bn`j `kevng} `khb `ng hb`mhb pbvn|nxbi} qjbxjb| mx qngxp xk ìbn| kvbg mxbep lbxqbbg

`rpxkeb|p ngh sbghk|p' Mc ìbn|mga mp xk lb rpbh) }kr jnsb xk pbib`x xjb ’@ibn|mga qmxj

Sbghk|― cmbih mg xjb `rpxkeb| n``krgx) k| xjb `k||bpvkghmga cmbih mg xjb sbghk| n``krgx'

Nx xjb ìmbgx ngh `kevng} `khb ibsbi) }kr `ng bgxb| ng nixb|gnxmsb vn}b|+vn}bb' Xjb bgx|} mg xjb`kevng} `khb pbaebgx jnp jmajb| v|mk|mx} xjng xjb bgx|} nx ìmbgx ibsbi'

Nii mxbep vkpxbh xk n l|ng`j n``krgx n|b nrxkenxm`nii} x|ngpcb||bh xk xjb jbnh kccm`b n``krgx smnrpnab kc Jbnh Kccm`b+L|ng`j @kg`bvx'





Vnab >8 kc 06

Rgmx 0 ‐ Hk`rebgx @kgx|ki

Ibppkg > ‐ Hk`rebgx Px|r`xr|b

Hk`rebgx v|mg`mvib? N hk`rebgx mp pnsbh ck| bsb|} vkpxmga' Xjb hk`rebgx |benmgp np n `kevibxb

rgmx mg xjb p}pxbe rgxmi mx mp n|`jmsbh' Bsb|} hk`rebgx mp rgm~rbi} mhbgxmcmbh l} xjb ckiikqmga cmbihp?k Hk`rebgx Grelb|

k @kevng} @khb

k Cmp`ni ]bn|

Hk`rebgxp mg PNV B\V Cmgng`mnip `kgxnmg xjb ckiikqmga?

k N hk`rebgx jbnhb| *mgck|enxmkg xjnx nvvimbp xk xjb bgxm|b hk`rebgx-

k Lbxqbbg < ngh === imgb mxbep

Xqk mevk|xngx `kgx|ki db}p?

k Hk`rebgx x}vb ck| xjb hk`rebgx jbnhb|

k Vkpxmga db} ck| xjb imgb mxbep

Xjb PNV p}pxbe abgb|nxbp nx ibnpx kgb hk`rebgx ck| bsb|} lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg' Bn`j hk`rebgx|b`bmsbp n rgm~rb hk`rebgx grelb|' Xjb p}pxbe `ng nppmag xjb hk`rebgx grelb|p *5 mgxb|gni

grelb| nppmagebgx- k| xjb rpb| `ng nppmag xjb grelb| qjbg bgxb|mga xjb hk`rebgx *5 bzxb|gninppmagebgx-'

Xjb hk`rebgx x}vb `kgx|kip xjb hk`rebgx jbnhb| ngh mp rpbh xk hmccb|bgxmnxb xjb lrpmgbppx|ngpn`xmkgp xk lb vkpxbh) ck| bznevib) sbghk| mgskm`bp) `rpxkeb| vn}ebgxp) ngh pk kg'

Hk`rebgx x}vbp n|b hbcmgbh nx `imbgx ibsbi ngh n|b xjb|bck|b snimh ck| nii `kevng} `khbp'

Hk`rebgx x}vbp hbcmgb xjb ckiikqmga?

k Grelb| |ngabp ck| hk`rebgx grelb|p

k N``krgx x}vbp vb|emxxbh ck| vkpxmgap

k Xjb cmbih pxnxrp kc xjb Hk`rebgx Jbnhb| Xbzx ngh \bcb|bg`b Grelb|

k Qjbxjb| mgskm`bp n|b vkpxbh qmxj xjb gbx v|k`bhr|b

Bz`bvx ck| Hk`rebgx x}vb NL xjnx niikqp vkpxmgap xk nii n``krgx x}vbp4 nii kxjb| hk`rebgx x}vbpimemx xjb x}vbp kc n``krgxp }kr `ng vkpx xk'

Xjb hk`rebgx grelb| |ngab hbcmgbp xjb |ngab kc grelb|p xjnx erpx lb nppmagbh np hk`rebgxgrelb|p'

k Mgxb|gni grelb|mga? Xjb p}pxbe pnsbp xjb inpx hk`rebgx grelb| xjnx qnp xndbg c|ke xjb

grelb| |ngab mg xjb @r||bgx Grelb| cmbih ngh nppmagp xjb grelb| ckiikqmga xjb `r||bgxgrelb| np xjb gbzx hk`rebgx grelb|

k Bzxb|gni grelb| nppmagebgx? Xjb rpb| bgxb|p xjb grelb| kc xjb k|mamgni hk`rebgx) k| xjbgrelb| mp x|ngpcb||bh nrxkenxm`nii} c|ke ngkxjb| p}pxbe' Xjb grelb|p `ng lb nivjngreb|m`'

Xjb hk`rebgx grelb| |ngab erpx lb hbcmgbh ck| xjb }bn| mg qjm`j mx mp rpbh' Xjb|b n|b xqk kvxmkgp?

k Xk n cmp`ni }bn| mg xjb crxr|b? Nx xjb lbamggmga kc n gbq cmp`ni }bn|) xjb p}pxbe `kgxmgrbp xkrpb xjb grelb| ncxb| xjb `r||bgx grelb| np xjb gbzx grelb|' Mx hkbp gkx |bpxn|x nx xjb cm|px

grelb| kc xjb grelb| |ngab'

k Ck| bsb|} cmp`ni }bn|? Nx xjb lbamggmga kc n gbq cmp`ni }bn|) xjb p}pxbe pxn|xp nanmg qmxj xjb

cm|px grelb| kc xjb grelb| |ngab' Xjmp jbivp xk bgpr|b xjnx xjb grelb| |ngab mp prccm`mbgx

Kgb grelb| |ngab `ng lb nppmagbh xk pbsb|ni hk`rebgx x}vbp'





Vnab >2 kc 06

Imdb hk`rebgx x}vbp) vkpxmga db}p n|b nipk hbcmgbh nx ìmbgx ibsbi' Xjb Vkpxmga Db} jnp `kgx|ki

crg`xmkgp qmxjmg imgb mxbep qjm`j `kgx|kip

k Xk qjm`j x}vb kc n``krgx xjb imgb mxbe `ng lb vkpxbh xk

k Mc xjb mxbe mp vkpxbh np n Hblmx k| @|bhmx

k

Xjb cmbih pxnxrp kc nhhmxmkgni hbxnmipk Qjbxjb| xjb imgb mxbe mp `kggb`xbh xk n vn}ebgx x|ngpn`xmkg

k Qjbxjb| xjb vkpxmga mp pnibp%|bibsngx ngh xjb pnibp cmar|b kc xjb n``krgx mp xk lb rvhnxbh l}

xjb x|ngpn`xmkg)

Xjb Jmhb cmbih pxnxrp `nggkx lb `kelmgbh qmxj xjb \b~rm|bh Bgx|} cmbih pxnxrp' Xjmp `kelmgnxmkg`nrpbp ng b||k|'

Bz`bvxmkg \ribp ck| Cmbih Pxnxrp A|krv

k Mc lrpmgbpp n|bnp n|b rpbh) xjb lrpmgbpp n|bn cmbih erpx lb |bnh} ck| mgvrx' Qb `ng n`xmsnxb mxl} bgnlimga lrpmgbpp n|bn cmgng`mni pxnxbebgxp ck| xjb `kevng} `khb'

k Bgx|mbp mg xnz cmbihp n|b kgi} vkppmlib mc xjb abgb|ni ibhab| n``krgx mp |bibsngx ck| xnz'

Xjb cmbih pxnxrp a|krvp n|b preen|mbh mg kgb cmbih pxnxrp sn|mngx' Xjb cmbih pxnxrp sn|mngx mp nppmagbh

xk }kr| `kevng} `khb*p-' Gk vkpxmga `ng lb enhb rgxmi xjmp mp `kevibxb' Mc n hk`rebgx mp vkpxbh xk n prl ibhab| n``krgx) xjb cmbih pxnxrp a|krv kc xjb |b`kg`mimnxmkg n``krgx mp

rpbh'

L} `jngamga xjb cmbih pxnxrp hbcmgmxmkgp kc vkpxmga db}p ngh xjb cmbih pxnxrp a|krv) qb `ng endb xjbcmbih pxnxrp bmxjb| x|ngpn`xmkg%hbvbghbgx k| n``krgx%hbvbghbgx'

Ibppkg < ‐ Vkpxmga Vb|mkhp

Hr|mga vb|mkh ìkpmga) }kr kvbg pvb`mni vb|mkhp ck| ìkpmga vkpxmgap' Xjrp) xqk vb|mkh mgxb|snip

erpx lb kvbg nx xjb pneb xmeb'

Pbsb|ni `kevng} `khbp `ng rpb xjb pneb vkpxmga vb|mkh sn|mngx'

Mg xjb hk`rebgx jbnhb|) xjb vb|mkhp nppmagbh xk xjb n``krgx x}vb ’$― n|b `jb`dbh' Xjmp mp xjb cm|px`jb`d' Xjb|bck|b xjb n``krgx x}vb ’$― erpx lb kvbg ck| nii vb|mkhp xjnx n|b prvvkpbh xk lb kvbg ck|

ng} kxjb| n``krgx x}vb'

Nx xjb imgb mxbe ibsbi) xjb p}pxbe `jb`dp xjb n``krgx x}vb kc xjb vkpxmga db} xk bgpr|b xjnx xjb vb|mkhmp kvbg ck| xjb nppmagbh n``krgx x}vb'

Ng nrxjk|mnxmkg a|krv en} lb nppmagbh xk xjb cm|px vb|mkh mgxb|sni' Xjbg) kgi} rpb|p lbikgamga xkxjmp nrxjk|mnxmkg a|krv jnsb xjb vb|emppmkg xk vkpx mg xjb cm|px vb|mkh mgxb|sni' Mx endbp pbgpb xk rpbxjb cm|px |ngab ck| xjb pvb`mni vb|mkhp ngh nrxjk|mb kgi} xjb n``krgxngxp mgskisbh mg ìkpmga xk vkpx

mg xjb pvb`mni vb|mkhp'

Qmxj xjb gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxmga) n xjm|h vb|mkh mgxb|sni mp hmpvin}bh' Mg xjmp mgxb|sni) kvbgvb|mkhp n|b pxk|bh ck| xjb |bni%xmeb mgxba|nxmkg @K ↜ CM'

Xjb xjm|h mgxb|sni mp rpbh xk `kgx|ki qjbxjb| CM vkpxmgap x|maab|bh c|ke @K |bnii} pjkrih lb nlib xklb vkpxbh mg xjb vb|mkhp' Mc xjb xjm|h mgxb|sni mp gkx cmiibh) xjb bgx|mbp mg mgxb|snip > ngh < n|b nipk

snimh ck| xjbpb vkpxmgap'

Qjbg bgxb|mga n hk`rebgx) nekga kxjb| mxbep) }kr bgxb| xjb vkpxmga hnxb ‐ xjb p}pxbenrxkenxm`nii} hbxb|emgbp xjb vkpxmga vb|mkh ngh cmp`ni }bn| lnpbh kg xjb vkpxmga hnxb bgxb|bh'





Vnab >3 kc 06

Ibppkg 0 ‐ Vkpxmga Nrxjk|mnxmkg

Xjb enzmere nekrgx mp hbcmgbh vb| `kevng} `khb mg ’xkib|ng`b a|krv―' Xjmp mp nipk qjb|b xjbv|k`bppmga kc vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`bp mp `kgx|kiibh'

Mg xkib|ng`b a|krvp }kr `ng bgxb| rvvb| imemxp ck| xjb ckiikqmga?

k Xkxni nekrgx vb| hk`rebgxk Nekrgx vb| `rpxkeb|+sbghk| mxbe

k @npj hmp`krgx n rpb| qmxj xjmp xkib|ng`b a|krv mp nlib xk a|ngx

Xjb `r||bg`} mp xjb ik`ni `r||bg`} kc xjb `kevng} `khb

Xkib|ng`b a|krv ’[[[[― rprnii} `kgxnmgp snirbp qjm`j n|b ebngx xk nvvi} xk ekpx bevik}bbp' Nipkmc ng} rpb| mp gkx nppmagbh ng} xkib|ng`b a|krv) pneb mp nvvim`nlib xk mx'

Ibppkg 8 % Pmevib Hk`rebgxp mg Cmgng`mni N``krgxmga

Xjb PNV Cmgng`mni N``krgxmga `kevkgbgx rpbp kgb vkpxmga x|ngpn`xmkg ck| pbsb|ni hmccb|bgxvkpxmgap) ck| bznevib?

k A+I n``krgx vkpxmgap

k @rpxkeb| mgskm`b vkpxmgap

k @rpxkeb| `|bhmx ebek vkpxmgap

k Sbghk| mgskm`b vkpxmgap

k Sbghk| `|bhmx ebek vkpxmgap





Vnab >1 kc 06

Rgmx 8 ‐ Vkpxmga @kgx|ki

Ibppkg > ‐ Hk`rebgx Pvimxxmga

Hmpvin}mga n hk`rebgx mg xjb bgx|} smbq ngh abgb|ni ibhab| smbq mp hbcmgbh mg xjb gbq A+In``krgxmga ngh `nggkx lb pqmx`jbh kg k| kcc rpmga `rpxkemmga'

Xjb bgxmxmbp hbcmgbh np pvimxxmga `jn|n`xb|mpxm`p *lning`mga `jn|n`xb|mpxm`p- n|b mgjb|mxbh mg gkg%n``krgx%nppmagbh vkpxmga imgb

Hk`rebgx pvimxxmga *nipk kcxbg `niibh kgimgb pvimx- bgpr|bp xjnx `kevngmbp `ng `|bnxb `kevibxblning`b pjbbxp ck| hbpm|bh klob`xp'

Pvimxxmga ebxjkh 66666666>< mp xjb hbcnrix v|k`bhr|b v|ksmhbh l} PNV) ngh mp rprnii} `kvmbh xk n

`imbgx bgx|} *b'a' _6666666><-'





Vnab >: kc 06

Pmg`b hk`rebgx pvimxxmga `ng lb n`xmsnxbh ck| bn`j ìmbgx ngh hbn`xmsnxbh ck| bn`j `kevng} `khb) xjb

hb`mpmkg kc qjbxjb| xk pvimx xjb hk`rebgx k| gkx mp enhb nx `kevng} `khb ibsbi' Jkqbsb|) nii`kevng} `khbp kc n ìmbgx `ng kgi} rpb kgb hk`rebgx pvimxxmga v|k`bhr|b) xjnx mp) hmccb|bgx

v|k`bhr|bp `nggkx lb nppmagbh xk hmccb|bgx `kevng} `khbp'

Xjb mgjb|mxng`b `kg`bvx? Mc ng n``krgx nppmagebgx klob`x mp rgm~rb mg n hk`rebgx) mx mp mgjb|mxbhkgimgb mg nii emppmga vkpmxmkgp' Xjb mghm`nxk| pjkrih niqn}p lb pbx qjbg hk`rebgx pbxxmga mp

n`xmsnxbh'

Xjb hbcnrix n``krgx nppmagebgx `kg`bvx? Mx mp vkppmlib xk qk|d qmxj hbcnrix n``krgx nppmagebgx) xjnxmp) mc xjb vkpmxmkg mp gkx v|ksmhbh qmxj xjb gb`bppn|} klob`x ck| ng} |bnpkg) xjbg n hbcnrix snirb *pr`j

np n v|kcmx `bgxb| k| pbaebgx- `ng lb pbx nrxkenxm`nii}'

Vnppmsb Pvimx % Hr|mga ìbn|mga) xjb bgxmxmbp *pr`j np pbaebgxp- kc xjb hk`rebgx lbmga ìbn|bh n|b`kvmbh xk xjb ìbn|mga hk`rebgx qmxjkrx lbmga `jngabh' Bznevib? Vn}ebgx kc ng mg`kemga mgskm`b

xjnx jnp lbbg nppmagbh xk erixmvib n``krgxp' Xjb mg`kemga mgskm`b qnp hmsmhbh ksb| xqk pbaebgxp Nngh L mg xjb v|kvk|xmkg 36?86' Hr|mga ìbn|mga) xjb vn}ebgx mp pvimx 36?86 ksb| xjb pbaebgxp *kgi}

abgb|ni ibhab| smbq-'

N`xmsb pvimx % Ck| hk`rebgxp) qjm`j hk gkx pjkq ìbn|mga) mghmsmhrni hmpx|mlrxmkg |ribp `ng lb`|bnxbh mg `rpxkemmga xk hb`mhb qjm`j vkpmxmkgp kc n hk`rebgx n|b hmsmhbh n``k|hmga xk qjm`j lnpm`

vkpmxmkgp' Xjb hk`rebgx x}vb mp xjb lnpmp ck| xjb |rib' Bznevib? Ng mg`kemga mgskm`b xjnx jnp lbbgnppmagbh xk erixmvib n``krgxp'

@|bnxmga ìbn|mga imgbp+b|k lning`b ck|enxmkg mp niqn}p rpbh mc) mg nhhmxmkg xk xjb xkxni hk`rebgx)

xjb klob`xp xk lb lning`bh ’qmxjmg― xjb hk`rebgx *b'a' v|kcmx `bgxb|) pbaebgx- pjkrih lb lning`bh xk6'

Hk`rebgx pvimxxmga `jn|n`xb|mpxm`p hbxb|emgb qjm`j klob`xp hk`rebgx pvimxxmga mp rpbh ck| *qjb|b xkhmsmhb+lning`b-'

Niqn}p pbx xjb _b|k lning`b mghm`nxk| mc }kr qngx xk `|bnxb n cmgng`mni pxnxbebgx ck| xjb`jn|n`xb|mpxm`' Xjb lning`b kc xjb hbcmgbh bgxmxmbp mp xjbg niqn}p 6 ck| bsb|} vkpxmga bgpr|mga bgxmx}

lning`mga' Xjb Enghnxk|} Cmbih qk|dp mg nhhmxmkg xk cmbih pxnxrp `kgx|ki mg xjb

n``krgx k| mg xjb vkpxmga db} ngh jnp xqk ebngmgap?

k Cm|pxi}) mx mp ng bzxbgpmkg kc xjb cmbih pxnxrp ck| n``krgxp mg qjm`j xjb `jn|n`xb|mpxm`p `nggkx lb

’bgxb|bh― hr|mga hk`rebgx bgx|}) ngh+k| ck| n``krgxp xjnx `nggkx lb `kgx|kiibh rpmga xjb

cmbih pxnxrp' *Bznevib? Sbghk| imgbp pjkrih niqn}p mgìrhb n v|kcmx `bgxb| k| n pbaebgx'-

k Pb`kghi}) mx mp n `jb`d np xk qjbxjb| n lrpmgbpp v|k`bpp%b~rmsnibgx lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg

sn|mngx qnp pbib`xbh *qjm`j hbxb|emgbp qjbxjb| n pvimxxmga |rib `ng lb ckrgh-'

N pvimxxmga v|k`bhr|b) hbcmgbh mg l|mbc) mp xjb xkxni kc nii pvimxxmga |ribp kc nii lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkgp' Nppr`j) xjb pvimxxmga v|k`bhr|b hbcmgbp jkq ngh rghb| qjm`j `m|`repxng`bp hk`rebgx pvimxp qmii lb

vb|ck|ebh' Mg hbxnmi) xjmp ebngp bn`j pvimxxmga v|k`bhr|b hbcmgbp jkq bn`j mxbe `nxbak|} qmii lb

jnghibh mg xjb mghmsmhrni lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkgp' N lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg mp n abgb|ni l|bndhkqg kc xjb n`xrni lrpmgbpp v|k`bppbp xjnx PNV v|ksmhbp

ngh mp nppmagbh n qmhb sn|mbx} kc mxbe `nxbak|mbp'

N lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg sn|mngx mp n pvb`mcm` sb|pmkg kc xjb v|bhbcmgbh lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg v|ksmhbhl} PNV ngh xjb *xb`jgm`ni- ekhbimga kc n |bni lrpmgbpp v|k`bpp ck| hk`rebgx pvimxxmga'

Ng mxbe `nxbak|} mp n *xb`jgm`ni- env kc xjb vkpxbh imgb mxbep' Mx hbp`|mlbp xjb mxbep xjnx nvvbn|qmxjmg n hk`rebgx *lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg-' Xjb} n|b hb|msbh c|ke) nekga kxjb| xjmgap) xjb abgb|ni

ibhab| n``krgx `nxbak|mbp'





Vnab >= kc 06

Ng mghmsmhrni pvimxxmga |rib hbcmgbp qjm`j mxbe `nxbak|mbp `ng+pjkrih lb pvimx *↜ mxbe `nxbak|mbp xk

lb v|k`bppbh- ngh nx xjb pneb xmeb hbcmgbp qjm`j ckrghnxmkg *↜ lnpb- `ng lb rpbh *↜ lnpb mxbe`nxbak|mbp-'

Ibppkg < ‐ Hbcnrix Snirbp

Vn|nebxb| MHp niikq rpb|p xk pbx hbcnrix snirbp ck| cmbihp qjkpb snirb hkbp gkx `jngab sb|} kcxbg)ck| bznevib) `kevng} `khb) ngh `r||bg`}'

Rpmga xjb bhmxmga kvxmkgp) }kr `ng `kgcmar|b }kr| p`|bbgp ck| xjb ckiikqmga n|bnp?

k \b`bmvx Bgx|}? Rpb|p `ng jmhb cmbihp xjnx en} gkx lb |bibsngx ck| xjbm| oklp) pr`j np ck|bmag

`r||bg`} k| `|kpp `kevng} `khb x|ngpn`xmkgp'

k Hk`rebgx hmpvin}? Rpmga xjb Impx Smbqb|) xjb rpb| `ng pbib`x hmccb|bgx hmpvin} kvxmkgp ck|

hmpvin}mga hk`rebgxp'

k Kvbg Mxbep? Rpb|p `ng `jkkpb imgb in}krx hmpvin}p ngh vkpxmga kvxmkgp ck| v|k`bppmga kvbgmxbep) mg kxjb| qk|hp) xjb} `ng bgxb| xjb nekrgx kc n vn|xmni vn}ebgx k| xjb lning`b kc xjbgbq kvbg mxbe'

Ibppkg 0 ‐ @jngab @kgx|ki

Rpb|p `ng `jngab `b|xnmg cmbihp mg xjb vkpxbh hk`rebgxp xjbpb |ribp `ng bmxjb| lb v|bhbcmgbh l} xjbp}pxbe k| lb rpb|%pvb`mcm`'

@b|xnmg cmbihp mg lkxj xjb hk`rebgx jbnhb| ngh xjb imgb mxbep `ng lb `jngabh'

k Hk`rebgx Jbnhb|? Kgi} xjb |bcb|bg`b grelb| ngh hk`rebgx jbnhb| xbzx `ng lb `jngabh'

k Imgb Mxbep? Xjb p}pxbe hkbp gkx niikq `jngabp xk xjb nekrgx) xjb vkpxmga db}) xjb n``krgx)

k| ng} kxjb| cmbihp xjnx qkrih nccb`x xjb |b`kg`mimnxmkg kc n vkpxmga'

Np rpb|p endb `jngabp xk hk`rebgxp) xjb ckiikqmga mgck|enxmkg mp ikaabh?

k Xjb cmbih xjnx qnp `jngabh

k Xjb gbq ngh kih snirbp

k Xjb rpb| qjk enhb xjb `jngab

k Xjb xmeb ngh hnxb kc xjb `jngab

Qb `ng hmccb|bgxmnxb lbxqbbg hk`rebgx `jngab |ribp n``k|hmga xk xjb ckiikqmga `|mxb|mn?

k N``krgx X}vb? Xjb n``krgx x}vb niikqp rpb|p xk hbcmgb |ribp ck| `rpxkeb|) sbghk|) nghabgb|ni ibhab| n``krgxp'

k X|ngpn`xmkg @inpp? X|ngpn`xmkg `inppbp n|b kgi} rpbh ck| xjb pvb`mni A+I x|ngpn`xmkgp lmii kc bz`jngab ngh hkqg vn}ebgx'

k @kevng} `khb? Mc xjb cmbih mp lingd) xjb |rib nvvimbp xk bsb|} `kevng} `khb'

Xjb `kghmxmkgp ck| `jngamga n cmbih n|b v|bhbcmgbh' Qb `ng `jngab xjbe np ckiikqp?

k Xjb vkpxmga vb|mkh mp pxmii kvbg

k Xjb imgb mxbe mp gkx }bx `ibn|bh

k Xjb imgb mxbe mp bmxjb| n hblmx mg n `rpxkeb| n``krgx k| n `|bhmx mg n sbghk| n``krgx

k Xjb hk`rebgx mp gkx n `|bhmx ebek ck| ng mgskm`b

k Xjb hk`rebgx mp gkx n `|bhmx ebek c|ke n hkqg vn}ebgx





Vnab <6 kc 06

Ibppkg 8 ‐ Hk`rebgx \bsb|pni

N hk`rebgx `ng lb |bsb|pbh l}?

k Gk|eni |bsb|pni vkpxmgak Gbanxmsb vkpxmga

Qjbg qb |bsb|pb n hk`rebgx) qb jnsb xk bgxb| n |bsb|pni |bnpkg xjnx bzvinmgp xjb |bsb|pni' Mx nipk`kgx|kip qjbxjb| xjb |bsb|pni hnxb mp niikqbh xk lb hmccb|bgx xk xjb k|mamgni vkpxmga hnxb'

Xjb gk|eni |bsb|pni vkpxmga `nrpbp xjb p}pxbe xk vkpx xjb mg`k||b`x hblmx np n `|bhmx ngh xjb mg`k||b`x`|bhmx np n hblmx' Xjb gk|eni |bsb|pni vkpxmga xjb|bck|b `nrpbp ng nhhmxmkgni mg`|bnpb mg xjb

x|ngpn`xmkg cmar|bp'

Xjb gbanxmsb vkpxmga nipk vkpxp xjb mg`k||b`x hblmx np n `|bhmx ngh xjb mg`k||b`x `|bhmx np n hblmx' Xjmpxmeb xjb vkpxbh nekrgx mp gkx nhhbh xk xjb x|ngpn`xmkg cmar|bp) lrx mp prlx|n`xbh c|ke xjb x|ngpn`xmkg

cmar|bp kc xjb kxjb| pmhb kc xjb n``krgx'

Xjb ckiikqmga v|b|b~rmpmxbp erpx lb cricmiibh xk bgnlib gbanxmsb vkpxmgap?

k Xjb `kevng} `khb vb|emxp gbanxmsb vkpxmgapk Xjb |bsb|pni |bnpkg erpx lb hbcmgbh ck| gbanxmsb |bsb|pni'

Ibppkg 2 ‐ Vn}ebgx Xb|ep ngh @npj Hmp`krgx

Xb|ep kc vn}ebgx n|b `kghmxmkgp na|bbh lbxqbbg lrpmgbpp vn|xgb|p ck| xjb vn}ebgx kc mgskm`bp' Xjb`kghmxmkgp hbcmgb xjb hrb hnxb ngh xjb `npj hmp`krgx kccb|bh ck| vn}ebgx kc xjb mgskm`b qmxjmg n

`b|xnmg vb|mkh' Mx bgnlib xjb p}pxbe xk `ni`rinxb n `npj hmp`krgx ngh mgskm`b hrb hnxb

Mg k|hb| xk hk xjmp) xjb p}pxbe gbbhp xjb ckiikqmga hnxn?

k Lnpbimgb hnxb? Xjb hnxb c|ke qjm`j xjb hrb hnxb mp hb|msbh'

k @npj hmp`krgx xb|ep? Xjb xb|ep l} qjm`j xjb `npj hmp`krgx `ng lb xndbg'

k @npj hmp`krgx vb|`bgxnab |nxb? Xjb vb|`bgxnab |nxb rpbh xk `ni`rinxb `npj hmp`krgx'

Xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx hbcnrixbh qjbg vkpxmga ng mgskm`b hbvbghp kg qjb|b xjb mgskm`b mp `|bnxbh?

k Mc xjb mgskm`b mp `|bnxbh mg Cmgng`mnip) xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx c|ke xjb `kevng} `khb pbaebgxn|b hbcnrixbh'

k Mc n `rpxkeb| mgskm`b mp `|bnxbh mg Pnibp k|hb| Engnabebgx) xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx c|ke xjbpnibp n|bn pbaebgx n|b hbcnrixbh'

k Mc n sbghk| mgskm`b mp `|bnxbh mg Vr|`jnpmga Engnabebgx) xb|ep kc vn}ebgx c|ke xjbvr|`jnpmga k|angmnxmkg pbaebgx n|b hbcnrixbh'

Ck| Mgskm`b |binxbh `|bhmx ebekp?

k @|bhmx ebekp `ng lb imgdbh xk xjb k|mamgni mgskm`b l} bgxb|mga xjb mgskm`b grelb| mg xjb,Mgskm`b \bcb|bg`b, cmbih hr|mga hk`rebgx bgx|}' Mg xjmp `npb) xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx n|b

`kvmbh c|ke xjb mgskm`b pk xjnx xjb mgskm`b ngh xjb `|bhmx ebek n|b hrb kg xjb pneb hnxb'

k Kxjb| `|bhmx ebekp? Xb|ep kc vn}ebgx mg kxjb| `|bhmx ebekp n|b mgsnimh' Xjbpb `|bhmx

ebekp n|b hrb kg xjb lnpbimgb hnxb' Xk n`xmsnxb xjb vn}ebgx xb|ep kg xjbpb gkg%mgskm`b|binxbh `|bhmx ebekp) bgxb| n ’S― mg xjb ,Mgskm`b \bc b|bg`b, cmbih qjbg bgxb|mga xjb

hk`rebgx'





Vnab <> kc 06

Abgb|ni Mgck?

k Xjb hn} imemx mp xjb `nibghn| hn} xk qjm`j xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx n|b snimh'

k Xjb hbp`|mvxmkg ck| xb|ep kc vn}ebgx mgìrhbp xjb ng bzvingnxmkg abgb|nxbh nrxkenxm`nii} l}

xjb p}pxbe qjm`j `ng lb |bvin`bh l} }kr| kqg bzvingnxmkg kc xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx ngh n

Pnibp K|hb|k Xjb n``krgx x}vb hbcmgbp xjb prl ibhab| mg qjm`j xb|ep kc vn}ebgx `ng lb rpbh' Mc }kr qngx

xk rpb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx ck| lkxj sbghk|p ngh `rpxkeb|p) }kr pjkrih hbcmgb xjbpb rpmga

pbvn|nxb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx db}p ngh xjbg kgi} rpb xjbe ck| kgb n``krgx x}vb n``k|hmgai}'

Rpmga vn}ebgx xb|e) xjb|b mp Vn}ebgx `kgx|ki?

k Rpmga lik`d db}p) qjm`j `ng lb bgxb|bh mg imgb mxbep k| n``krgxp) }kr `ng lik`d imgb mxbep k|

n``krgxp ck| vn}ebgx k| `kiib`xmkg' Xjbpb lik`d db}p `ng nipk lb bgxb|bh mg vn}ebgx xb|ep'

k N vn}ebgx ebxjkh *ck| bn`j `krgx|}) xjb p}pxbe jnp vn}ebgx ebxjkhp hbcmgbh xjnx }kr `ng

rpb mg xjnx `krgx|}- mp bgxb|bh mg xjb imgb mxbep k| xjb n``krgxp' Imdb vn}ebgx lik`dp)vn}ebgx ebxjkhp `ng lb bgxb|bh mg xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx'

Xjb lnpbimgb hnxb mp xjb pxn|xmga hnxb xjb p}pxbe rpbp xk `ni`rinxb xjb mgskm`b hrb hnxb' Xjb ckiikqmga

|ribp nvvi} ck| xjb `ni`rinxmkg kc xjb lnpbimgb hnxb?k Xjb hbcnrix snirbp c|ke qjm`j xjb lnpbimgb hnxb `ng lb hbxb|emgbh n|b np ckiikqp? gk hbcnrix)

hk`rebgx hnxb) vkpxmga hnxb k| bgx|} hnxb'

k Pvb`mcm`nxmkgp ck| `ni`rinxmga xjb lnpbimgb hnxb? Cmzbh hn} rpbh xk ksb|q|mxb xjb `nibghn| hn}

kc xjb lnpbimgb hnxb'

k Xjb grelb| kc ekgxj*p- xk lb nhhbh xk xjb `nibghn| ekgxj kc xjb lnpbimgb ekgxj'

Ng mgskm`b `ng lb vnmh ksb| pbsb|ni ekgxjp rpmga ng mgpxniiebgx ving) k| n vk|xmkg kc xjb mgskm`bnekrgx en} lb |bxnmgbh ck| vn}ebgx nx n inxb| hnxb' Xjb xkxni mgskm`b nekrgx mp hmsmhbh mgxk vn|xmninekrgxp hrb kg hmccb|bgx hnxbp' Xjb p}pxbe `n||mbp krx xjmp pvimx nrxkenxm`nii} mc mgpxniiebgx vn}ebgx

mp hbcmgbh mg xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx' Xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx ck| xjb imgb mxbep n|b xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgxhbcmgbh ck| xjb mghmsmhrni mgpxniiebgxp'

Hbvbghmga kg xjb gnxmkgni |barinxmkgp kc }kr| `krgx|}) xjb `npj hmp`krgx lnpb nekrgx mp xjb gbxsnirb *xkxni kc A+I n``krgx ngh cmzbh nppbxp imgb mxbep) xnzbp gkx mgìrhbh) ck| bznevib mg xjb RPN-k| a|kpp snirb *mgìrhmga xnzbp) np mp xjb `npb mg Ab|eng}-'

Ibppkg 3 ‐ Xnzbp

PNV prvvk|xp xjb xnz p}pxbep ck| hmccb|bgx `krgx|mbp?

k Xnz kg pnibp ngh vr|`jnpbp

k RP pnibp xnz

k Nhhmxmkgni xnzbp *`krgx|}%pvb`mcm`) ck| bznevib) mgsbpxebgx xnz mg Gk|qn}) ìbn|mga xnz mgLbiamre-

k Qmxjjkihmga xnz *gkx `ksb|bh mg xjmp `kr|pb-

Xjb|b n|b lnpm`nii} xqk x}vbp kc xnznxmkg xjnx `ng lb v|k`bppbh mg xjb PNV B\V p}pxbe?

k Xnzbp n|b ibsmbh nx n gnxmkgni ibsbi) qmxj rgmck|ei} hbcmgbh |nxbp'

k Xnzbp n|b ibsmbh nx n pxnxb+or|mphm`xmkgni ibsbi) qmxj |nxbp hbcmgbh l} xjb pxnxb+or|mphm`xmkg





Vnab << kc 06

Xjb p}pxbe prvvk|xp xjb x|bnxebgx kc xnzbp np ckiikqp?

k @jb`dp xjb xnz nekrgx bgxb|bh k| nrxkenxm`nii} `ni`rinxbp xjb xnz

k Vkpxp xjb xnz nekrgx xk xnz n``krgxp'

k Vb|ck|ep xnz nhorpxebgxp ck| `npj hmp`krgxp k| kxjb| ck|ep kc hbhr`xmkgp

Gnxmkgni |barinxmkgp hbxb|emgb qjbxjb| xjb xnz lnpb nekrgx erpx lb?k Gbx nekrgx *xnznlib bzvbgpb k| |bsbgrb mxbep emgrp `npj hmp`krgx-

k A|kpp nekrgx *xnznlib bzvbgpb k| |bsbgrb mxbep mgìrhmga `npj hmp`krgx-

Xjb xnz kg pnibp ngh vr|`jnpbp mp xjb lning`b kc xjb pnibp xnz *PNV xb|e? krxvrx xnz- ngh v|mk| xnz*PNV xb|e? mgvrx xnz-'

k Xjb krxvrx xnz mp ibsmbh kg xjb gbx snirb kc xjb akkhp ngh mp lmiibh xk xjb `rpxkeb|' Mx mp nimnlmimx} kc xjb `kevng} xk xjb xnz nrxjk|mxmbp'

k Mgvrx xnz mp ibsmbh kg xjb gbx mgskm`b nekrgx ngh mp lmiibh l} xjb sbghk|' Xjb mgvrx xnz mp n|b`bmsnlib qjm`j xjb `kevng} ìnmep c|ke xjb xnz nrxjk|mx}'

Xjb xnz `ni`rinxmkg v|k`bhr|b `kgxnmgp?

k Xjb k|hb| kc pxbvp qjm`j jnsb xk lb xndbg mg xjb xnz `ni`rinxmkg v|k`bhr|b *xjb ’c|ke pxbv―

mghm`nxbp qjb|b xjb p}pxbe `niip xjb lnpb snirb ck| xjb ’pxbv―-' k Xnz x}vbp *`kghmxmkg x}vbp- xjnx nvvi} ck| xjb `krgx|}' Xjb p}pxbe mp hbimsb|bh qmxj xjb

`kghmxmkg x}vbp gb`bppn|} ck| bn`j x}vb kc xnz `ni`rinxmkg' Xjb xnz `ni rinxmkg v|k`bhr|b

ni|bnh} `ksb|p xjb `k||b`x `kghmxmkg x}vbp'

k N``krgx db}+x|ngpn`xmkg db} xjnx `ksb|p nhhmxmkgni pvb`mcm`nxmkgp ngh mp rpbh ck| xjb

nrxkenxm` n``krgx hbxb|emgnxmkg ck| xjb xnzbp `kg`b|gbh' V|bhbcmgbh n``krgxp db}p n|bmgìrhbh mg xjb PNV B\V p}pxbe' Qb |b`keebgh xjnx }kr rpb xjbpb pxnghn|h n``krgx db}p'

N or|mphm`xmkg `khb mp n `kelmgnxmkg kc xjb `khbp kc xnz nrxjk|mxmbp xjnx xnz eksbebgxp kc akkhp nghrpb xjbm| kqg xnz |nxbp'

Xnz Vkpxmgap % Xjb xnzbp `ni`rinxbh l} xjb p}pxbe n|b rprnii} vkpxbh smn n pbvn|nxb imgb mxbe xk npvb`mni xnz n``krgx' Xjmp mp xjb pxnghn|h p`bgn|mk'

Xnzbp qmxj `b|xnmg x|ngpn`xmkg+n``krgx db}p *ck| bznevib) GSS- n|b hmpx|mlrxbh xk xjb |bibsngxbzvbgpb+|bsbgrb mxbe' Xjmp mp xjb `npb ck| pnibp xnz vn}nlibp k| kxjb| gkg%hbhr`xmlib mgvrx xnzbp'

Xk bgnlib xjb nrxkenxm` xnz n``krgx hbxb|emgnxmkg }kr jnsb xk nppmag xjb ckiikqmga hnxn xk xjb

n``krgx+x|ngpn`xmkg db}p xjnx abgb|nxb xjb xnz mxbep hr|mga vkpxmga?

k Vkpxmga db}p *86 ngh 26 n|b |b`keebghbh-

k \ribp xjnx hbxb|emgb qjm`j cmbihp xjb n``krgx hbxb|emgnxmkg mp lnpbh kg *xjb n``krgxhbxb|emgnxmkg `ng lb lnpbh kg xjb xnz `khb k| xjb n``krgx db}-

k Xnz n``krgxp

Qb hbcmgb xnz n``krgxp) xjnx mp) n``krgxp xk qjm`j xnz mxbep n|b vkpxbh) mg xjb cmbih Xnz @nxbak|} l}bgxb|mga kgb kc xjb ckiikqmga pmagp?

k 9 Ck| mgvrx xnz

k 7 Ck| krxvrx xnzk Xjb v|kvb|xmbp kc xjb xnz `khb hbcmgb qjbxjb| k| gkx xjb xnz vkpxbh mp ng mgvrx k| ng krxvrx

xnz'

,Vkpx nrxkenxm`nii} kgi}, erpx lb pbib`xbh mc }kr hk gkx qngx xk vkpx xnz engrnii}'





Vnab <0 kc 06

Nii kxjb| A+I n``krgxp en} jnsb kgb kc xjb ckiikqmga bgx|mbp mg xjb ’Xnz @nxbak|}― cmbih?

k ’Ck| gkg%xnz%|bibsngx vkpxmgap *b'a' lngd vkpxmgap-

k ,%, Ck| vkpxmgap xjnx |b~rm|b ng mgvrx xnz `khb *ck| bznevib) |b`kg`mimnxmkg n``krgx ck|

vn}nlibp c|ke akkhp ngh pb|sm`bp-

k

,$, Ck| vkpxmgap xjnx |b~rm|b ng krxvrx xnz `khb *ck| bznevib) |b`kg`mimnxmkg n``krgx ck||b`bmsnlibp c|ke akkhp ngh pb|sm`bp-

k ,/, Ck| vkpxmgap xjnx |b~rm|b ng} xnz `khb

k ,zz, Ck| vkpxmgap qmxj xjb v|bhbcmgbh xnz `khb zz

k Xjb v|kvb|xmbp kc xjb xnz `khb hbcmgb qjbxjb| k| gkx xjb xnz vkpxbh mp ng mgvrx k| ng krxvrx

xnz'

Ibppkg 1 ‐ @|kpp @kevng} X|ngpn`xmkgp

N `|kpp%`kevng} `khb x|ngpn`xmkg mgskisbp xqk k| ek|b `kevng} `khbp mg kgb lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg'Bznevibp?

k Kgb `kevng} `khb endbp vr|`jnpbp ck| kxjb| `kevng} `khbp *@bgx|ni V|k`r|bebgx-

k Kgb `kevng} `khb vn}p mgskm`bp ck| kxjb| `kevng} `khbp *@bgx|ni Vn}ebgx-

k Kgb `kevng} `khb pbiip akkhp xk kxjb| `kevng} `khbp

Xjb p}pxbe `|bnxbp ngh vkpxp n pbvn|nxb hk`rebgx mg bn`j `kevng} `khb mgskisbh' Mg k|hb| xklning`b hblmxp ngh `|bhmxp qmxjmg xjbpb hk`rebgxp) xjb p}pxbe abgb|nxbp nrxkenxm` imgb mxbep qjm`j

n|b vkpxbh xk `ibn|mga n``krgxp) ck| vn}nlibp k| |b`bmsnlibp

Xjb hk`rebgxp qjm`j lbikga xk kgb `|kpp%`kevng} `khb x|ngpn`xmkg n|b imgdbh l} n `keekg `|kpp%`kevng} `khb x|ngpn`xmkg grelb|'

@ibn|mga n``krgxp erpx lb hbcmgbh mg bsb|} `kevng} `khb lbck|b n `|kpp%`kevng} `khb x|ngpn`xmkg

en} lb `n||mbh krx' Xjb `ibn|mga n``krgxp en} lb A+I n``krgxp) `rpxkeb|) k| sbghk| n``krgxp

Ibppkg : ‐ \bni Xmeb Mgxba|nxmkg





Vnab <8 kc 06

\bni%xmeb mgxba|nxmkg ekpxi} nccb`xp xjb ckiikqmga `npbp?

k Np n |bprix kc n vkpxmga lbxqbbg `kgx|kiimga klob`xp) n `jngab |bprixp ck| ng n``krgxmga klob`x*v|kcmx `bgxb|) pbaebgx lrpmgbpp n|bn k| crg`xmkgni n|bn- pxk|bh mg n `kgx|kiimga klob`x'

k @kpxp n|b vkpxbh n`|kpp `kevng} `khbp mg `|kpp%`kevng} `khb `kpx n``krgxmga Mg xjmp `npb

pr`j vkpxmgap erpx nipk lb envvbh `k||bpvkghmgai} mg n``krgxmga'





Vnab <2 kc 06

Rgmx 2 ‐ @ibn|mga

Ibppkg > ‐ Kvbg Mxbe @ibn|mga

Kvbg mxbep n|b mg`kevibxb x|ngpn`xmkgp) pr`j np mgskm`bp xjnx jnsb gkx lbbg vnmh' Ck| n x|ngpn`xmkgxk lb `kgpmhb|bh np `kevibxbh) mx erpx lb ìbn|bh' N x|ngpn`xmkg mp ìbn|bh qjbg n ìbn|mga vkpxmgajnp lbbg `n||mbh krx ck| ng mxbe k| a|krv kc mxbep) pk xjnx xjb |bprixmga lning`b kc xjb mxbep mp b|k'

Hk`rebgxp qmxj kvbg mxbep `nggkx lb n|`jmsbh ngh pxn} mg xjb p}pxbe rgxmi nii kvbg mxbep n|bìbn|bh

N ìbn|mga x|ngpn`xmkg niqn}p `|bnxbp n ìbn|mga hk`rebgx'

Vkpxmga qmxj ìbn|mga `ng lb `n||mbh krx ck| pbsb|ni n``krgxp) n``krgx x}vbp) ngh ck| ng} `r||bg`}

pmerixngbkrpi}'

Qb `ng nipk `n||} krx xjb Vkpx qmxj @ibn|mga x|ngpn`xmkg engrnii} k| nrxkenxm`nii} rpmga xjb

nrxkenxm` vn}ebgx v|ka|ne' Rpmga xjb @ibn| N``krgx crg`xmkg) qb pbib`x xjkpb kvbg mxbep c|ke ng n``krgx xjnx lning`b xk b|k'

Xjb p}pxbe en|dp xjbe np ìbn|bh ngh `|bnxbp n ìbn|mga hk`rebgx'

Xjb v|ka|ne a|krvp xkabxjb| xjb mxbep kc ng n``krgx xjnx jnsb xjb pneb bgx|mbp mg xjb ckiikqmgacmbihp?

k \b`kg`mimnxmkg n``krgx grelb|

k @r||bg`}

k Pvb`mni A+I mghm`nxk|

k Cmsb c|bbi} hbcmgbh `|mxb|mn c|ke hk`rebgx jbnhb| k| imgb mxbe) ck| bznevib) nppmagebgx cmbih)

|bcb|bg`b grelb|) ngh pk kg'

Mc xjb lning`b *mg ik`ni `r||bg`}- kc xjb mxbep qmxjmg n a|krv mp b|k) xjb p}pxbe nrxkenxm`nii} ìbn|p

xjbe ngh `|bnxbp ìbn|mga hk`rebgxp' Xjb nrxkenxm` ìbn|mga v|ka|ne hkbp gkx ìbn|?

k Gkxbh mxbep

k Pxnxmpxm`ni vkpxmgap ngh `b|xnmg pvb`mni A+I x|ngpn`xmkgp |binxmga xk lmiip kc bz`jngab

k Hkqg vn}ebgxp `ng kgi} lb ìbn|bh mc hkqg vn}ebgx ìbn|mga mxbep kc xjb pneb nekrgxjnsb ni|bnh} lbbg vkpxbh'

k Mxbep qmxj qmxjjkihmga xnz bgx|mbp

Xjb p}pxbe nrxkenxm`nii} cmiip xjb nppmagebgx cmbih ck| n imgb mxbe qjbg }kr vkpx mxbep n``k|hmga xkxjb ’Pk|x Cmbih― bgx|} mg xjb enpxb| |b`k|h' Xjb nppmagebgx cmbih `ng lb n `kelmgnxmkg kc rv xk 8

cmbihp qmxj n enzmere kc >: `jn|n`xb|p'

Ibppkg < ‐ Mg`kemga # Krxakmga Vn}ebgxp

N engrni vn}ebgx mp n x|ngpn`xmkg xjnx ìbn|p ng kvbg mxbe) x}vm`nii} ng mgskm`b)

Ng mg`kemga vn}ebgx) x}vm`nii} rpbh mg N``krgxp \b`bmsnlib) ìbn|p ng kvbg hblmx nekrgx qjb|b npng krxakmga vn}ebgx) x}vm`nii} rpbh mg N``krgxp Vn}nlib) ìbn|p ng kvbg `|bhmx nekrgx'

N engrni vn}ebgx mp v|k`bppbh mg xj|bb pxbvp?

k Hnxn mp bgxb|bh mg xjb hk`rebgx jbnhb|'

k Kvbg mxbep n|b pbib`xbh xk lb ìbn|bh'

k Xjb x|ngpn`xmkg mp pnsbh'





Vnab <3 kc 06

]kr `ng bgxb| lngd `jn|abp qjbg }kr bgxb| xjb lngd hnxn4 xjb} n|b nrxkenxm`nii} vkpxbh xk xjb A+In``krgx'

Rpb|p `ng |bpbx ìbn|mga ck| mghmsmhrni hk`rebgxp' Qjbg }kr |bpbx ìbn|mga) xjb ìbn|mga hnxn mp

|beksbh c|ke xjb mxbep

Ibppkg 0 ‐ Vn}ebgx Hmccb|bg`bp

Mg n``krgxmga) xkib|ng`bp `ng lb hmsmhbh mgxk xj|bb x}vbp?

k Bevik}bb xkib|ng`b a|krvp) xk `kgx|ki? Rvvb| imemxp ck| vkpxmga x|ngpn`xmkgp *pbb ibppkg ,Vkpxmga Nrxjk|mnxmkgp,-)

Vb|emxxbh vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`bp

k A+I n``krgx xkib|ng`b a|krvp mp rpbh xk `kgx|ki?

Vb|emxxbh vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`bp *ck| bznevib) ck| nrxkenxm` ìbn|mga v|k`bhr|bp-'

k `rpxkeb|+sbghk| xkib|ng`b a|krvp v|ksmhb pvb`mcm`nxmkgp ck|?

@ibn|mga x|ngpn`xmkgp

Vb|emxxbh vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`bp Vkpxmga |bpmhrni mxbep c|ke vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`bp Xkib|ng`bp ck| vn}ebgx nhsm`b gkxbp

Qb Nppmag xjb xkib|ng`b a|krvp xk

k Rpb| enpxb| hnxn

k A+I n``krgx enpxb| |b`k|hp

k @rpxkeb|+sbghk| enpxb| |b`k|hp

Xk hbcmgb nlksb Xkib|ng`b a|krv qb jnsb xk `n||} krx xqk pxbvp

k A|krv hbcmgmxmkg Xjb xkib|ng`b a|krv mp hbcmgbh l} n a|krv db}) `kevng} `khb) ngh n `r||bg`} `khb'

Xjb a|krv db} mp n ckr| `jn|n`xb| nivjngreb|m` db}' Xjb db} ,[[[[, *LINGD- mp xjb pxnghn|h xkib|ng`b a|krv ngh mp |b~rm|bh np xjb

emgmere xkib|ng`b a|krv'k A|krv nppmagebgx

Bevik}bb xkib|ng`b a|krvp en} lb nppmagbh xk bevik}bbp' A+I n``krgx xkib|ng`b a|krvp en} lb nppmagbh xk A+I n``krgx enpxb| |b`k|hp'

@rpxkeb|+sbghk| xkib|ng`b a|krvp en} lb nppmagbh xk n `rpxkeb| k| sbghk| enpxb||b`k|h'

Mc gk xkib|ng`bp n|b nppmagbh) xjb hbcnrix xkib|ng`b a|krv [[[[ *lingd- nvvimbp'

Xjb pvb`mcm`nxmkgp ck| vb|emxxbh vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`bp `ng lb ckrgh mg lkxj `rpxkeb|+sbghk| nghbevik}bb a|krv' Xjb} `kgx|ki xjb nrxkenxm` vkpxmga kc `npj hmp`krgx nhorpxebgxp ngh rgnrxjk|mbh

`rpxkeb| hbhr`xmkgp' Xjb p}pxbe xndbp xjb bgx|mbp mg lkxj a|krvp mgxk n``krgx hr|mga ìbn|mga' N vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b gk|enii} k``r|p hr|mga xjb ìbn|mga kc ng kvbg mxbe' Xjb hmccb|bg`b mp xjbg

`kevn|bh xk xjb xkib|ng`b a|krvp kc xjb bevik}bb ngh xjb `rpxkeb|+sbghk| ngh mp jnghibhn``k|hmgai}'

k Qmxjmg xkib|ng`bp Nrxkenxm`nii} vkpxbh np bmxjb| `npj hmp`krgx nhorpxebgx k| rgnrxjk|mbh hbhr`xmkg

k Krxpmhb xkib|ng`bp

V|k`bppbh engrnii}

Mc xjb vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b mp xkk jmaj xk lb meenxb|mni) mx erpx lb v|k`bppbh engrnii}' Xjb vn}ebgx

`ng lb vkpxbh np ckiikqp?





Vnab <1 kc 06

k Vn|xmni vn}ebgx

k Xjb vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b en} lb vkpxbh np n |bpmhrni mxbe

k Xjb vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b `ng lb vkpxbh xk ng n``krgx nppmagbh xk n |bnpkg `khb k| q|mxxbg kcc l} engrnii} bgxb|mga n gbq vkpxmga mxbe'

k Vn}ebgx kg n``krgx

Mc xjb vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b mp krxpmhb kc xjb xkib|ng`bp mx jnp xk lb v|k`bppbh engrnii}' Xjb rpb| `ng?

k Vkpx xjb vn}ebgx np n vn|xmni vn}ebgx) qjb|b nii xjb hk`rebgxp |benmg mg xjb n``krgx npkvbg mxbep

k Vkpx xjb vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b np n |bpmhrni mxbe) qjb|bl} kgi} xjb |bpmhrni mxbe |benmgp mg xjbn``krgx ngh xjb k|mamgni hk`rebgx ngh xjb vn}ebgx n|b ìbn|bh' N gbq hk`rebgx grelb| mp

`|bnxbh qmxj |bcb|bg`b xk xjb k|mamgni hk`rebgxp'

k Vkpx xjb vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b xk n hmccb|bgx n``krgx np n hmccb|bg`b vkpxmga rpmga |bnpkg `khbp

ngh nrxkenxm` hbxb|emgnxmkg'

k Q|mxb kcc xjb hmccb|bg`b *engrni n``krgx nppmagebgx-

Xjb `rpxkeb|+sbghk| xkib|ng`b a|krvp `kgxnmg bgx|mbp xjnx `kgx|ki xjb |bpmhrni mxbep' Xjbpb pvb`mc}?

k Qjbxjb| xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx kc n |bpmhrni mxbe n|b xjb pneb np xjkpb kc xjb ìbn|bh mxbe k|

qjbxjb| xjb xb|ep kc vn}ebgx n|b cmzbhk Qjbxjb| `npj hmp`krgx mp a|ngxbh kgi} vn|xmnii} ngh gkx ck| xjb qjkib nekrgx

k L} pvb`mc}mga n hrggmga db}) qjbxjb| xjb |bpmhrni mxbe jnp n enzmere hrggmga ibsbi k| mp

v|mgxbh pbvn|nxbi}

Mc qb dgkq xjb |bnpkg ck| n vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b) qb `ng bgxb| n |bnpkg `khb'

\bnpkg `khbp n|b rpbh xk hbp`|mlb xjb |bnpkg ck| xjb vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`b' Qjm`j `ng lb nppmagbh xk?

k Hmccb|bg`b vkpxmgap

k Vn|xmni vn}ebgxp

k \bpmhrni mxbe

Xjb |bnpkg `khbp `ng lb rpbh xk ngni}b ngh vkpx v|k`bpp vn}ebgx hmccb|bg`bp' Nhhmxmkgni kvxmkgnicrg`xmkgp n|b?

k @kgx|ki kc xjb x}vb kc vn}ebgx gkxm`b qjm`j mp pbgx xk xjb `rpxkeb|k @kgx|ki kc xjb n``krgx qjb|b n |bpmhrni mxbe mp vkpxbh

k Nrxkenxm` vkpxmga kc n |bpmhrni mxbe xk n pvb`mcmbh A+I n``krgx'

k Bzìrpmkg kc |bpmhrni mxbep c|ke `|bhmx imemx `jb`dp lb`nrpb xjb} n|b hmpvrxbh

Ibppkg 8 ‐ Bz`jngab \nxb Hmccb|bg`bp

Qjbg ìbn|mga kvbg mxbep mg n ck|bmag `r||bg`}) bz`jngab |nxb hmccb|bg`bp en} k``r| hrb xkcir`xrnxmkgp mg bz`jngab |nxbp' Xjb p}pxbe vkpxp xjbpb bz`jngab |nxb hmccb|bg`bp nrxkenxm`nii} np|bnimbh anmgp k| ikppbp' Xjb |bnimbh hmccb|bg`b mp pxk|bh mg xjb ìbn|bh imgb mxbe'

Bz`jngab |nxb hmccb|bg`bp n|b nipk vkpxbh qjbg kvbg mxbep n|b snirnxbh ck| xjb cmgng`mni pxnxbebgxp'Xjbpb bz`jngab |nxb hmccb|bg`bp c|ke snirnxmkg n|b vkpxbh xk ngkxjb| bz`jngab |nxb hmccb|bg`b

n``krgx ngh xk n cmgng`mni pxnxbebgx nhorpxebgx n``krgx' Qjbg ìbn|mga ng kvbg mxbe xjnx jnpni|bnh} lbbg snirnxbh) xjb p}pxbe |bsb|pbp xjb lning`b pjbbx `k||b`xmkg n``krgx ngh vkpxp xjb

|benmgmga bz`jngab |nxb hmccb|bg`b xk xjb n``krgx ck| |bnimbh bz`jngab |nxb hmccb|bg`bp'

Nii |b`kg`mimnxmkg n``krgxp ngh nii A+I n``krgxp qmxj kvbg mxbe x|ngpn`xmkgp mg ck|bmag `r||bg`}erpx lb nppmagbh |bsbgrb+bzvbgpb n``krgxp ck| |bnimbh ikppbp ngh anmgp' Kgb anmg+ikpp n``krgx `ng

lb nppmagbh?

k Xk nii `r||bg`mbp ngh `r||bg`} x}vbp

k Vb| `r||bg`mbp ngh `r||bg`} x}vb

k Vb| `r||bg`}

k Vb| `r||bg`} x}vb





Vnab <: kc 06

Rgmx 3 ‐ @npj Okr|gni

Ibppkg > ‐ @npj Okr|gni @kgcmar|nxmkg

Xjb `npj okr|gni mp n xkki ck| engnamga `npj xjnx prvvk|xp vkpxmga `npj |b`bmvxp ngh vn}ebgxp' Mxniikqp?

k @|bnxb n pbvn|nxb `npj okr|gni ck| bn`j `r||bg`}k Vkpx xk `rpxkeb|) sbghk|) ngh abgb|ni ibhab| n``krgxp

k \rg pbsb|ni `npj okr|gnip mg bn`j `kevng} `khb

k @jkkpb n |nghke grelb| ck| `npj okr|gni mhbgxmcm`nxmkg *n ckr|%hmamx nivjngreb|m` db}-

Xk pbx rv n gbq `npj okr|gni ck| n `kevng} `khb) qb jnsb xk bgxb| xjb nvv|kv|mnxb snirbp ck| xjbckiikqmga cmbihp?

k Xjb `kevng} `khb mg qjm`j }kr qngx xk rpb xjb `npj okr|gni

k Xjb ckr| hmamx `npj okr|gni mhbgxmcm`nxmkg ngh gneb

k Xjb A+I n``krgxp xk qjm`j }kr qngx xk vkpx xjb `npj okr|gni lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkgp

k Xjb `r||bg`} mg qjm`j }kr qngx xk |rg xjb `npj okr|gni

k Xjb hk`rebgx x}vbp ck|?

A+I n``krgx vkpxmgap Krxakmga vn}ebgxp xk sbghk|p

Mg`kemga vn}ebgxp c|ke sbghk|p Krxakmga vn}ebgxp xk `rpxkeb|p

Mg`kemga vn}ebgxp c|ke `rpxkeb|p

Xjb|b n|b xqk vin`bp qjb|b }kr `ng hbcmgb gbq `npj okr|gni lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkgp?

k mg xjb `npj okr|gni mxpbic

k Mg @rpxkemmga *MEA-'

Xk `|bnxb n lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg) endb xjb ckiikqmga pbxxmgap?

k Xjb `kevng} `khb

k Xjb x}vb kc lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg *gkxb? }kr `nggkx endb ng bgx|} mg xjb cmbih A+I n``krgx ck|n``krgxmga x|ngpn`xmkg x}vbp H ngh D'-

k Pvb`mc} xnz `khbp ck| xjb lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkgp B *Bzvbgpb- ngh \ *\bsbgrb-

k Ck| lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg `nxbak|mbp B) \) @) ngh L) }kr `ng pbx ngh mghm`nxk| xk bgnlib xjb

abgb|ni ibhab| n``krgx ck| xjb lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg xk lb `jngabh qjbg xjb hk`rebgx mpbgxb|bh' Mg xjmp `npb) xjb abgb|ni ibhab| n``krgx mp kgi} n hbcnrix snirb'

k Ck| lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg `nxbak|mbp B ngh \) }kr `ng pbx ngh mghm`nxk| xk bgnlib xjb xnz `khbck| xjb lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg xk lb `jngabh qjbg xjb hk`rebgx mp bgxb|bh' Mc gk xnz `khb jnp

lbbg hbcmgbh) }kr jnsb xk pvb`mc} kgb *mc |b~rm|bh ck| xjb n``krgx- qjbg }kr `|bnxb xjbhk`rebgx'

k Kg`b pnsbh) xjb lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg mp nppmagbh n grelb| nrxkenxm`nii}' Hr|mga hk`rebgxbgx|}) xjb lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg `ng lb `niibh rv l} mxp gneb k| mxp grelb|'

k ]kr `ng pbx ng mghm`nxk| xjnx lik`dp xjb lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg ck| cr|xjb| vkpxmgap'

Ibppkg < ‐ @npj Okr|gni X|ngpn`xmkgp

Xjb `npj okr|gni mp kgb kc xjb Bgok} lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkgp xjnx }kr `ng v|k`bpp kg n pmgaib p`|bbg'

N `npj okr|gni hk`rebgx `ng `kgxnmg pbsb|ni mxbep qmxj hmccb|bgx xnz `khbp ngh+k| n``krgxnppmagebgxp |bibsngx xk `kpx n``krgxmga' Qjbg xjb `npj okr|gni hk`rebgx mp ck|qn|hbh xk Cmgng`mni

N``krgxmga) kgi} kgb n``krgxmga hk`rebgx mp xjb|bck|b `|bnxbh'





Vnab <= kc 06

Mg xjb `npj okr|gni }kr `ng `|bnxb n lrpmgbpp x|ngpn`xmkg imgdbh xk n kgb%xmeb n``krgx' Mc }kr rpb nkgb%xmeb n``krgx mg xjb `npj okr|gni) xjb hmnika lkz ck| bgxb|mga xjb kgb%xmeb hnxn mp `niibh

nrxkenxm`nii} ngh xjb bgx|mbp pnsbh mg xjb `npj okr|gni'

Rgmx 1 ‐

Nhhmxmkgni XkvmÌbppkg > ‐ Kxjb| Xkvm`p mg Gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxmga

N x}vm`ni vb|mkh%bgh ìkpmga ck| niik`nxmkgp en} mgskisb xjb ckiikqmga pxbvp % Niik`nxmkg pb~rbg`b?

k Niik`nxmkg kc xjb `kpx `bgxb|p *np lbck|b- mg @K

k Bgh%kc%vb|mkh xnpdp mg CM *57 ck|bmag `r||bg`} snirnxmkg-

k Niik`nxmkg kc xjb v|kcmx `bgxb|p *k| pbaebgxp- mg CM

Jkq n|b xjb niik`nxmkgp kc xjb hmccb|bgx `kevkgbgxp mgxba|nxbh qmxj CM qjbg gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab|N``krgxmga mp n`xmsb;

k N`xrni niik`nxmkgp mg @K%KE? @jngabp n|b nipk rvhnxbh mg xjb gbq A+I mc |bni%xmebmgxba|nxmkg mp n`xmsb @K %7 CM'

k N`xrni niik`nxmkgp kc ìnppm` v|kcmx `bgxb| n``krgxmga? Gk rvhnxb mgxk CM % n vr|b B@%V@Nhk`rebgx mp `|bnxbh'

k N`xrni niik`nxmkgp mg xjb gbq abgb|ni ibhab|? Gk mgxba|nxmkg mgxk kxjb| `kevkgbgxp % n vr|bCM hk`rebgx mp `|bnxbh'

Qjbg }kr rpb xjb ibhab| nvv|kn`j mg xjb gbq abgb|ni ibhab|) xjb snirnxmkg sn|mng`bp n|b gkx pjkqgmg hmccb|bgx n``krgxp lrx |nxjb| l} rpmga hmccb|bgx ibhab|p kg xjb pneb n``krgx'

Xjb klob`x rpbh xk nhh|bpp n``krgxp ck| pvb`mcm` ibhab|p mp xjb ibhab| a|krv) np mx mp dgkqg' Ekpxx|ngpn`xmkgp n|b vkpxbh xk nii ibhab|p' Gk ibhab| a|krv mp pvb`mcmbh ck| xjbpb hk`rebgxp *b'a'mgskm`bp) vn}ebgxp) ngh pk kg-' Mc) jkqbsb|) xjb|b n|b snirnxmkg sn|mng`bp) bmxjb| xjb ìkpmga

v|ka|nep *b'a' hbv|b`mnxmkg vkpxmga |rg) ck|bmag `r||bg`} snirnxmkg- v|ksmhb xjb nvv|kv|mnxb ibhab|a|krv l} endmga ng nppmagebgx mg @rpxkemmga) k| pbvn|nxb x|ngpn`xmkgp n|b rpbh xk prvvi} xjb

ibhab| a|krv engrnii}' Mg xjbpb `npbp) xjb snirb mp kgi} vkpxbh xk xjb ibhab|p mg xjnx a|krv'

Mx mp n >?g |binxmkgpjmv) ebngmga xjnx n ibhab| a|krv `ng bmxjb| jnsb kgb ibhab| k| pbsb|ni'

Gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab| N``krgxmga cn`mimxnxbp xjb ckiikqmga?

k Nii `kg`bmsnlib |b~rm|bebgxp n`|kpp xjb qk|ih mg ibani bzxb|gni n``krgxmga n|b nhh|bppbh

c|ke kgb hnxnpbx'

k N``krgxp `ng lb lning`bh ck| klob`xp kxjb| xjng xjb `kevng} `khb *pr`j np v|kcmx `bgxb|)

pbaebgxp) ngh pk kg- l} ebngp kc hk`rebgx pvimxxmga'

k Cmgng`mni N``krgxmga ngh @kgx|kiimga n|b okmgbh lminxb|nii} l} ebngp kc |bni%xmeb

mgxba|nxmkg'





k Vn|niibi n``krgxmga mp vkppmlib n`|kpp hmccb|bgx ibhab|p qmxjmg gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab|N``krgxmga) qjm`j ebngp xjnx x|ngpn`xmkg cmar|bp n|b engnabh gkx kgi} ck| bn`j n``krgx lrx

nipk ck| bn`j ibhab| *smbq-'

Xjb Crg`xmkgni N|bn cmbih mp gkq pxk|bh mg xjb Abgb|ni Ibhab| xkk' Xjmp ebngp }kr gk ikgab| jnsb

xk n`xmsnxb xjb `kpx kc pnibp ibhab| 6C xk `|bnxb n v|kcmx ngh ikpp pxnxbebgx mg n``k|hng`b qmxj `kpx%

kc%pnibp n``krgxmga' Xjb V|kcmx @bgxb| cmbih *ngh xjb Vn|xgb| V|kcmx @bgxb| cmbih- mp nipk enmgxnmgbh mg xjb abgb|ni ibhab|'

]kr n|b xjb|bck|b nlib xk `n||} krx engnabebgx ngni}pbp smn xjb abgb|ni ibhab|'

Xjb Pbaebgx cmbih mp n gbq bgxmx} *`jn|n`xb|mpxm`+`nxbak|}-' ]kr `ng rpb xjmp xk `n||} krx pbaebgx|bvk|xmga'

Xjb xnlib px|r`xr|b mg xjb Gbq Abgb|ni Ibhab| `ng lb cibzmli} bzxbghbh' Xjmp ebngp xjnx `rpxkeb|cmbihp `ng lb mg`irhbh ngh xjbm| xkxnip rvhnxbh' Pxnghn|h |bvk|xp n|b nsnminlib ck| nii xjb vr|vkpbpimpxbh nlksb'

tfin50 part 1 summary notes for sap fi certification ( c_tfin52_64)

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