tfm show, chicago 2006 environmentally preferable lighting purchasing tfm show april 10, 2006...
TRANSCRIPT
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Environmentally Preferable Lighting Purchasing
TFM ShowApril 10, 2006
Jennifer R. Dolin, LEED® APEnvironmental Marketing Manager
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
My Background 16 years experience in the environmental field A masters degree in environmental policy from Tufts University 5 years with Commonwealth of Massachusetts’ Executive Office of
Environmental Affairs 10 years with US Environmental Protection Agency
5 years developing specifications for the EPA’s ENERGY STAR program Helped write a Federal Executive Order for energy-efficient products Team lead for large-volume purchasing/procurement initiative 5 years with EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Marketing Manager for OSRAM SYLVANIA since 2004 LEED® Accredited Professional
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Agenda
Environmentally preferable purchasing
Lighting considerations for EPP
Environmental factors and criteria
Selecting environmentally preferable lighting
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Environmentally preferable purchasing
Federal, state and local guidelines for EPP
Typically focus on “single attribute” products
Computers and monitors – ENERGY STAR® Paper – recycled with 30% post-consumer waste Carpet – low VOCs (volatile organic compounds)
Lighting is different
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Lighting Considerations
Universal requirements – building codes and lighting standards
Additional criteria – applications, performance characteristics
Environmental needs – environmental attributes
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
IESNA Standards (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America)
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1
Universal Requirements -- IESNA
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Needs -- Application factors Light quantity
Task visibility Safety and security
Light quality Color Glare control Highlights and shadows
System compatibility Dimming systems Energy management systems
Color rendering index (CRI) can affect the appearance of objects
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Needs – Cost factors
Cost factors
Initial product costs
Maintenance costs
Energy Costs
Disposal costsEnergy
86%
Recycling1%
Material3%
Labor10%
Life Cycle Cost for TypicalFluorescent Lighting System
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Environmental Factors
Energy efficiency
Long life and fewer replacements
Reduced heavy metals – e.g. mercury
Green building requirements
Recycling/disposal
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
What are the criteria that affect environment impact?
There is no single environmental factor that’s “most important” to everyone -- no “silver lightbulb”
Environmental impact is affected by multiple criteria:Lamp type Lumen outputSystem type Energy consumptionNumber of lamps Mercury contentLamp life
In lighting, there are tradeoffs among these criteria
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Energy and the Environment
Energy consumption affects air quality
Power plants burn fossil fuel to generate electricity
~50% of US electricity comes from coal-burning power plants
Air pollution (emissions) generated when coal isburned
Reduced electricity demand = less fossil fuel burned at power plants = fewer harmful emissions
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Fluorescent lamp performance: Energy Efficiency
Factors to consider:
Total system wattage – don’t view lamps out of context
Maintained (mean) lumens vs. initial lumens
Higher efficiency vs. lower lumen tradeoff
Number of lamps can be reduced – not just longer life lamps, but more efficient systems (e.g. 3-lamp troffer vs. 4-lamp troffer)
Potential higher initial costs
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Open Office Retrofit Project 3-lamp Systems
Mean System Lumens*
System Wattage**
Lamp Life (12 hrs/start)
F32W T8/741 Instant Start Ballast (normal ballast factor) 6653 87 24,000
F30W Extended performance lampInstant start ballast (normal ballast factor) 7075 77 30,000
F28W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (low ballast factor) 5990 63 30,000
F32W Super extended performance lampProgram start ballast 6273 71 36,000
F30W Extended performance lamp Program start ballast 5708 67 36,000
System Comparisons* Mean system lumens based on light at 40% of rated life
** System wattage based on 277V
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Open Office Retrofit Project 3-lamp Systems
Mean System Lumens*
System Wattage**
Lamp Life (12 hrs/start)
F32W T8/741 Instant Start Ballast (normal ballast
factor)6653 87 24,000
F30W Extended performance lampInstant start ballast (normal ballast
factor)7075 77 30,000
F28W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (low ballast factor) 5990 63 30,000
F32W Super extended performance lamp
Program start ballast6273 71
F30W Extended performance lamp Program start ballast 5708 67 36,000
System Comparisons* Mean system lumens based on light at 40% of rated life
** System wattage based on 277V
36,000
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Fluorescent lamp performance:life
Switching cycle (number of times switched per day)
Type of ballast
Operating temperatures (cold or hot)
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Fluorescent lamp performance:life
Longer life lamps mean fewer replacement cycles
Cost savings for lamp purchase maintenance Disposal
Fewer raw materials used
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Mercury -- What is the purpose of mercury in lamps?
Fundamental to efficient operation of fluorescent lamps
Also important in HID lamps
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Fluorescent lamp performance: light output
Initial lumen output
Maintained lumen output
Pink lamp, symptomatic of mercury starvation
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Total 5-year Mercury ContributionFluorescent Lamp vs. Incandescents
0
15.26
71.52
3.50
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fluorescent Incandescent
Hg from power plant(5 years)
Mercury in lamp
Milligrams of mercury
Look beyond the mercury IN the lamp….
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
LEED® and Lighting
Many green building rating systems include energy performance (ENERGY STAR®, Green Globes®)
LEED® Energy & Atmosphere category relates to lighting
As a baseline, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 must be met
Buildings earn points for bettering this standard
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Mercury and LEED-EB
Major confusion here!
MR Prerequisite #2: Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs
Credit 6 – Additional Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d
Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs Requirement: Maintain mercury content of all mercury-containing light bulbs below 100
picograms per lumen hour, on weighted average, for all mercury-containing light bulbs acquired for the existing building and associated grounds.
Relies on lamp type and, most importantly, quantity of each lamp type
Calculation is for the entire project
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d
ProductFamily
Lamp Description Projected Number of Lamps to be
Purchased in Performance
Period(for Building and
Grounds)
One Lamp HgContent
(milligrams)
Picogramsper lumenhour for
each type ofLamp
HID 150W Metal Halide 1 38.0
507
FLUORESCENT 54W T5/830 1 2.5
27
Total Pg/lhr 241.07
•Total picograms per lumen hour = 241.07
•Each lamp has very different measurements
•Could lead some decision-makers to avoid 150W Metal Halide lamp
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d
Product Family Lamp Description Projected Number ofLamps to be
Purchasedin Performance
Period(for Building and
Grounds)
One Lamp Hg
Content(milligrams)
Picograms perlumen hour for
each type of Lamp
HID 150W Metal Halide
5 38.0
507
FLUORESCENT 54W T5/830 20 2.5
27
Total pg/lhr 93.52
Change in quantity of lamps leads to total picogram per lumen hour measurement for project of 93.52
Same lamp types, different quantities
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d
Each lamp does not need to meet the 100 picogram per lumen hour level
No single manufacturer has lamps that “meet” LEED-EB Some lamps do better in the calculation than others, but all
manufacturer’s lamps can be considered
Products cannot be LEED certified, only buildings can be LEED certified
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Brief science lesson on fluorescent lamps
Lamp begins life with pure mercury As lamp operates and ages, pure mercury is
“consumed”
Combines with the glass Combines with the phosphor Combines with the deposits on the bulb wall around
the filament Combine with any other impurities in the lamp
Amount not bound up is very small
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
UWR Lamp Disposal Summary
IMPORTANT POINT: The user (“generator”) always has the primary legal responsibility for proper disposal of spent lamps
Under the UWR, proper disposal in the U.S. is a complex issue
State regulations eclipse Federal regulations
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
What is TCLP and its relationship to mercury and disposal?
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) evaluates soluble mercury content
TCLP tests include other elements and compounds
TCLP is “pass/fail”
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Preferred Disposal Option -- Recycle
For spent mercury-containing lamps, recycling is currently the most responsible disposal policy that is acceptable in all jurisdictions
Manufacturers use recycled mercury in production of fluorescent and HID lamps
Recovers almost all mercury in a lamp (0.2- 0.4% unrecovered)
Avoids future liability (Superfund cleanup)
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
What can you do?
Identify lighting attributes to meet your needs and achieve your environmental goals, rather than focusing on a “single attribute.”
Choose a fluorescent lighting system that performs better in energy usage than a standard system.
Lower your overall environmental impact.
TFM Show, Chicago 2006
Final points…
Environmentally preferable purchasing relies on setting individual priorities
First, select performance attributes
Then, purchase those lamps that will also meet your environmental goals
There is no single “best” environmental attribute