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LeM,u 1- D is f>U25I'(jy) 1 Ih( Spud of It'sh ~ in vacuum £.,; ltu. Same F all WQVdCh91h s. Bf.-lt i'hA 5pu..d of '{"tght iV) a 'YnD~i'ae io cUffmel1~ fvv c.UHo<Lnl:- Wctve.lelrlJh\s. ThiL index of )'e./YCtc:..h'{rvJ (n:: -f) 0.-/50 d e peh ds6 "Y7 ltu Lua.lIeieVlJ/h. Tl"is ofe?e~ldeVllJ2 of COQVE? 5P-€QC;{ aha inde~ of "'(efy~L-h'aYt on wQ.ve./ellJ,911i 0 UL-i/e..of I'[;U: cii'spvv.:don· 1\ __ , 2. _~jJi'utle fll/"'~ ly) "rno s~ ?h a. krd oJ 5 liVL jI') d ec 0 foe frocJi OYl ----.:.. 9 (ass detrtease » with ('Y}U1..lLD.Se of WQvelei1!1h /11 vatUUYrJ 1.. qLWJ\.. ~ CAS ShlJlVYl, IV) IN P'g(,{Ye'. L(ghf- o·f /OVJe.n.. cDave/enjlt, (h i9hm.. fYeI(UVVlty) u:r){( dt'>fn/2se 'JYJ6'te I helM LtJh ~ Of ~V2- cN a veieV1jih ( (1)(;,,"07 frettUi./nLAj). WheY) wA/1e ~9td h 5eVlt- I hYOlAgh 0.. P y;'sm 0 f h \'9h fhd-ex of yef'rCtch'CfYl) "'ghr of Jt'j-[-olR..Vlr =r. a- t..rill cUsper,~e 'hYov..gh diffm"n~ ongies «Md Ne ca: I' 9 l I b·t. (ot..,) C\. SpeL~Wl of of. tf1c;;lQ..Y\t- Co OYS a~ SVlDc.J7-'Y . / / d~vlo-n\QYl ~ ,.. o(-vwt u~t,-f- }4-r_e.cf me.4Su Ye. I.) f d ;'$f U"7.si tFY\ . \ &-00 LIDO / 0 (IIJWJ) V/ole..1 Ro.t'n hocu So Oc..t.£-v'll1.eVlU2. of 'Ya,Vl bo(,os C:, 11A..t CilYnbh-Jed .e..lfe.c:./s tf)- 0: I 5 ev-v; ~OY\ I Y!-t: ac h'dY\ Cl Y)d "'.e .peL ~'6Yl. A ra (I-') bow c., o{1<h _ SeQ V7 10 . _0 /' S MOUJt..n 'd CtV1 6bsenvf.h.. /:)05; h'CfYle.& be...~n /1U 5l..th a.h~ a yo VJ A of SUVdJqh~ (wt1lf<: 1'9 h 1-J passf'ng ove..nhc.Ad s!vt'/QG ct ~a~ dYirplu ctu..t:;( ~ -re{-ro.c-fa:;{ CUtd Ye.j-{e t:-kd as S'h{)1.AJYV . j~ I~ fo IlcrwiVl9 f7 9Ur-e -n\L ')-'I') 0'5 \- (M l-eu 51? yea{ {{YJ h I- 'YC. tw'l. h i'h ljj fYrrrn CL c:R yep h ['9 h ll-}, ._ t~ sk~ yea..dtes IV-u DIoSv'l v~'l... be LtHiSc U- ~ de I/i'o ~ tk< mosh 'o lM-l[1j Vlolc.f- P('(SSl4 OV~ llU C)b~ent/V\ bc.eai-u/€ 'c.1- ~ devt'akd (he (€A'5t. n- dvcplu- ,{owen.. j'Vj l'ht SI::..I.ff t~ d!'veLf- I w. most- I'v,,~se vtole» ./.iyhf- frn-vtV7..eR. Tl« OhS(7zvV7... (, I k.t 'YnDS/- ,'h l"UAse ye.l;( l.l9f...f pCt5S be.-Cvw i tu ohS-e;7vetL)

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Page 1: {tght ThiL -f)

LeM,u 1-D is f>U25I'(jy)

1

Ih( Spud of It'sh ~ in vacuum £.,; ltu. Same F all WQVdCh91h s .Bf.-lt i'hA 5pu..d of '{"tght iV) a 'YnD~i'ae io cUffmel1~ fvv c.UHo<Lnl:-

Wctve.lelrlJh\s. ThiL index of )'e./YCtc:..h'{rvJ (n:: -f) 0.-/50 depehds6"Y7

ltu Lua.lIeieVlJ/h. Tl"is ofe?e~ldeVllJ2 of COQVE? 5P-€QC;{ aha inde~ of

"'(efy~L-h'aYton wQ.ve./ellJ,911i 0 UL-i/e..of I'[;U: cii'spvv.:don· 1\__ , 2. _~jJi'utle fll/"'~ly) "rno s~ ?h a.krdoJ 5 liVL jI')d ec 0foe frocJi OYl ----.:.. 9 (ass

detrtease » with ('Y}U1..lLD.Se of WQvelei1!1h /11 vatUUYrJ 1.. qLWJ\..~

CAS ShlJlVYl, IV) IN P'g(,{Ye'. L(ghf- o·f /OVJe.n.. cDave/enjlt,(h i9hm.. fYeI(UVVlty) u:r){( dt'>fn/2se 'JYJ6'te IhelM LtJh ~Of ~V2- cNaveieV1jih ( (1)(;,,"07 frettUi./nLAj).

WheY) wA/1e ~9td h 5eVlt- IhYOlAgh 0.. P y;'sm 0 fh \'9h fhd-ex of yef'rCtch'CfYl) "'ghr of Jt'j-[-olR..Vlr =r. a-t..rill cUsper,~e 'hYov..gh diffm"n~ ongies «Md Ne ca: I' 9

l I b·t. (ot..,)C\. SpeL~Wl of of. tf1c;;lQ..Y\t- Co OYS a~ SVlDc.J7-'Y

. / / d~vlo-n\QYl~ ,.. o(-vwt u~t,-f-

}4-r_e.cf me.4Su Ye. I.) fd ;'$f U"7.si tFY\ .

\&-00

LIDO / 0 (IIJWJ)

V/ole..1

Ro.t'n hocu So

Oc..t.£-v'll1.eVlU2. of 'Ya,Vl bo(,os C:, 11A..t CilYnbh-Jed .e..lfe.c:./s tf)-

0: I 5ev-v; ~OY\ I Y!-t:ach'dY\ Cl Y)d "'.e .peL~'6Yl. A ra (I-')bow c., o{1<h _SeQ V7

10 . _0 /' S MOUJt..n·'d CtV1 6bsenvf.h.. /:)05; h'CfYle.& be...~n /1U 5l..th a.h~ a yo VJ

A =» of SUVdJqh~ (wt1lf<: 1'9h1-J passf'ng ove..nhc.Ad s!vt'/QG ct

~a~ dYirplu ctu..t:;( ~ -re{-ro.c-fa:;{ CUtd Ye.j-{e t:-kd as S'h{)1.AJYV .

j ~ I~ fo IlcrwiVl9 f7 9Ur-e·-n\L ')-'I') 0'5 \- (M l-eu 51? yea{ {{YJ h I- 'YC. tw'l. h i'h ljj fYrrrn CL c:R yep h ['9h ll-}, ._

t ~ sk~ yea..dtes IV-u DIoSv'l v~'l... be LtHiSc U- ~ de I/i'o ~ tk< mosh 'o lM-l[1jVlolc.f- P('(SSl4 OV~ llU C)b~ent/V\ bc.eai-u/€ 'c.1- ~ devt'akd (he (€A'5t. n- dvcplu-,{owen.. j'Vj l'ht SI::..I.ff t~ d!'veLf- I w. most- I'v,,~se vtole» ./.iyhf- frn-vtV7..eR. Tl«OhS(7zvV7... (, I k.t 'YnDS/- ,'h l"UAse ye.l;( l.l9f...f pCt5S be.-Cvw i tu ohS-e;7vetL)

Page 2: {tght ThiL -f)

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What makes a Rainbow?, A ...,.....---------.....---", ,/" .•...,-,' .....4:.; '\•.. :

~B,.,

----------~------------ .•

c

• Blue is refracted more than red(dispersion) at A

• Total internal reflection occursat B

• Blue is refracted more than redat C

--~~ \

Observer sees red from higher'aindrops and blue from lower ralndroos,

Page 3: {tght ThiL -f)

OccCAsl6nct(!:J ) 0. SUOYlcl~ 6 'il1v01..kct Yo..lc!f) Oll) is

setn e;..l ()Y) 9 wi th itu

P-VIYVIOJlJj cm€. T h t' 5i::, lk y(SiAll- 0 fd I'S pUv.> ld"Y\) ve-frctc.fi(J}1I'?A_ . L..1••••• ~_ l. ~-.v,- IC,(. T /''\11..1 ~i!';tC'*G

Ye.-ff ~d7crYlS ~ ITv.bctGK Su.-rfetCR. crtC\. YCdV1dyo-p (AS

Shmvn... IV) F!'9uvel?).The $~C8Yldarl-':J

Yetl'Y) buw t" ye..{~lve0fa. i'n kn.. 6e.LCt~ errloss Ot (V) 1-ut5; ~ b~'hvv Ye.ff eG~On S .Th~ se..u-nd<YeJ1e c..h '((n Ye VVtse.s

f7:1<. 'S!5f w.n ce dtur(ay 0f theSt.C6YtdcVUjro i\." bOiQ 9

(il) A d,)u bk ,-;1inhll"

Secondary rainbow"Inote reversed colors)

Primary ralnbow

,s.

n,I,

Angll!s arc ~'\aggt'r:lled :for .:Iu,-jl~.Only a primal" ~Iainhll\\ i~,ilo\\ n. I

I

tlb~~1\cral /'

(b) The p:llh, "r li~hl my, ~11l\~r ing the IIPlk'" ll:M 1'1 .1 raindrop

T-----------\

\\.Jc = ruaximumangl,' Ill' lig'"trom rai!ldn Ip

Thc iw» 1••.:11 ,u.:!i" II

I • _ . -.;;;:--.Ill· /<....\). /---

, ~:~I.I~"I "")' (, 1)\0\\ n-suntroin sun <; poiru

~ \~:tl::======~::~~~~~-rL~;;~'rv

RainJr\,!,

1. ~

\.•fl_":n,·r r3\ 111 LIlIi.-flJl:': t11'.

\t .'. ..:~' IlJl r •.'f 111\-' ,Inll" (lint ...'~d\\,11t i

h,~ 'J'iI~ "lIl IlIPf<'d up,j,,( "'1"1

"Liuln Irum sun.-t-i

.) -!O.XO I \'i"ktito -12.' (Icdl

-----...,,-N

""H

'"(c) F(lfrning~;r~jl1htW.,Tile "\Ill iPlhh ijtll>lrali.m i, dil\'l:lly behindthr llh,CI \'C\' .u P.

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1i'~.U

II~Jn fd)" h:\.1

I.h!hl trom sun, ~

Cooyrigft!@ 2008 Peelson EiJuC8i on. .nc. publis~i"g a,; Pearson AOdiscn·W~slay,

3

DOUBLE RAINBOWSoccur becauseof an additionaltotal internalreflection !!!

Page 4: {tght ThiL -f)

v~e:. have 5 h-" '. e.en I Y1cd- e.W) - WO ve i-1 Gc /va VI 5 I;en se £,CO!Ie ' e .0<; c{ [lCth6YlS Of ITu ' '., e../c.c..h0c olt1d m~:Jne...r-/c v'Uo{s~ rYrnd-ucd.((.{ ayffi''. .-J 0'] (JYJcJ. a \t1 d. ?1Oyyna,{ t-v rIM.

d \yet ..hem of p yoPCt.3 Ovh'OVl C0 ShoWYJ·

, The. clivedioY\ of polcv<';~l!n or "h em-L.Pve is fnkeVi Iv be

d iYe("h'on of 050 (I cx.h'ciYJ of u:« E -re-td nD t- 1fU. 8 - f-l~t.d loeLti use

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lY)co..~d~sCQ;yJ- hL-d,0, cUt direej-l{JY}S of osc-;llahbYlS aJ2IL {Jo5:silole. Tht'sY)J-t:C{YlS Jha..,~ The. resu ...U-aYlt e.m -ccaces w-ill have polt))~I~hm

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UhpolMi~;l.A Vi .!VYl -We< ve 6K VI b£ 'IYlode. /-v be ..t/Vl~"z..I~ f:olw0~

( plane. polcut..I}Wl) b~ 5ehdj'h9 U- /hyOCgh C{ spec-I'a-tyno../Uz-fcU

~({ ed. eo lah07 e/. mcdt.v-z. fi -sf c-h lie! o-p.ed. b!1 1::. 1+. La he/.· nds'/netfu-z-.;'cJ. hCvJ sLtLbsl-ai'lUS 111a.J- l-ate did,Yois'm uJh/c.J" s-elech'veLy

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j VJ o, W1.-1-cu· Y) d lye vHCJY1 c.t.<> Sh o--w-n •

Transmission.axisI.Y)ki-)'5;'~ of Li9h~

Q fioz. /Y-a u 5 'WI l ss t' ()YJ Vi

I::: 1102.

Page 5: {tght ThiL -f)

~

177. Figure 33.25 A polarizer and an analyzer

</) i-, the unglc between the poluriz in];i.1XC'-; or the polarizer and an~lI)vcr..

Polarizer L :,....- ----.,,- .•....

/"/ IIncident / ...r:~I~unpolarizedv 1_liuht ! 1"1b I ;;!

cf

Analvzcr-'

~

I

\1.1

If.I,/'}' .' ' •...---I.· .. ......,"'"

~ •.4-

Photocell

d.\ r \\1,V " \ \

\ I.' Ij'. \. 1. I .

I IIf ',If':,,!Ii:' I! I' 'J il~/ I; .

"'J~// / 1/ Thc IincurtJ., ...I. Ii polari/.(~d li~hl1/ from the fit

polarizer can bercsol. cd into components FII and L parallel and perpendicular,rc\pcctiveJy, 10 the p()lari/in~ axi-, or the anah zcr.

COP')'flght 1:i!l20flB Pearson £dv.;;alicn. lnc .:tllshn'i} as Pt~'lJ~.~rlAddlson·\·/"sl'~'

..

I.•.

\\.The intcn~it\ lorli~hl 1'1'0111. •...

lIll' an~tly/.er i~max imal (/n ,I':

whcu (/) ~ O. At othlT anulc-.-L' ::::I C()<";": (/>111.1\ .,

Y(lung ,~n(! FfC'odm,11lUnll'f.'r::ily Pf't}'SIC$. 12.lh Etf!l(m

Page 6: {tght ThiL -f)

~

8

178. Figure 33~27Polarization of light incident on a reflecting surface

G) If unpolanzcd light is incidentat ihc polarizing angle .. ,

A~ik:tY/ilffJ'IlflYlccs,

Normal®.,.,then the reflectlight i-, /()()9~ polarizperpendicular tn theplath' of incidcllu: ...@Altcl'nati\,cly. if

uupolarivcd lighl i:-- rncidcnt011the rcflcet ing s'lirt an" ,II

,II) {lngle other than 0p' Ihi.'

reflected light i~parnatt»polarized.

I!a

.Iri,l)1

I

t1b

® ".and the transmitted light!:-'l'ftrtiall" po1:lIi/l.;d paralh.:1to the plane or incidence.

Cr.pyri!IIH t; 2cca PMf~;'()fl ((lu!~ti(}:), lnc..puti:i~;hiiY:'.~'af; P't-:flf,Son lvJdiSCtt)MV.'esI8y.

Y(),1r":9 I'll liJ f'fef~(jr;Urll\-'MSUy PI)Y'S,'cS, 12111 Ed

Page 7: {tght ThiL -f)

179. Figure 33.28 The significance of the 2,2.I.arizi.Q.g~

ote: This is a sid vi of the situ tion. ho 'n in Fie. 3_1.27.Component perpendicularto plane of page

Normal;

I.I

Refract d -+---~ray

Reflectedray

\ I _

l· '.. '"

-. nb••••••"'.•• ..",•..••••......

'"•••..••.••••••..

••••..•.

••••••

Wh n light strike. . surfac at th. olarizinz an I , th r fl ct d and r fr: ct d

"-

ra -s are p rp n licular t each other and

(11/1

tan 8 ==-P 11(/

CO!1l'ri9hl .1;;2(;(;'8 Pearson Ec'uc~li(;n, lnc..~tlt)li:;.hir19 <Is Pear-son A.o::1lson·Wes.'eJ'.

Voung a~Jd r(8€!dol$1I.

U'·'n~·~;'t:';I'fy-P.h;/!ir·cs" 21\1_Eal~ion