CULTURAL HERITAGE : Affected by the Earthquake and Current Status

on 25th April 2015

Mr. Damodar GautamChief Archaeological Officer

Department of Archaeology/ Government of NepalKathmandu, Nepal

LUMBINIKATHMANDU VALLEY

CHITWAN

SAGARMATHA

Natural World Heritage Site

Cultural World Heritage Sites

KTM valley consists 7 Protected Monument Zones1. Hanumandhoka Durbar Protected Monument

Zone2. Patan Durbar Protected Monument Zone3. Bhaktapur Durbar Protected Monument Zone4. Pashupati Protected Monument Zone5. Changu Narayan Protected Monument Zone6. Bouddha Area Protected Monument Zone7. Swayambhu Protected Monument Zone

April 2015 earthquake

• Nearly 8 million people, one third of the country’s population affected• Over 400 aftershocks (> 4 M) observed including 4 aftershocks (> 6 M, 7.3 M )• 14 out of 75 districts declared severely hit and other 31 are affected• Around 9,000 death, 22,000 injured• Over a half million houses destroyed and 300,000 damaged• Estimated Damage and Loss is nearly USD 7.0 Billion

Timeline

1) Needs Assessment PDNA (June 2015)

5) PDRF (May 2016)

4) Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy

(Feb 2016)

3) Reconstruction ActFormation of NRA

(Dec 2015)

2) ICNR (June 2015)

6) Sector Plan(May 2016)

Status Cultural Heritage affected by the earthquake:

In total (all over the country) - 753 Completely Collapsed - 133 Partially/Partly Collapsed - 95 Partially damaged – 525

Within the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property Completely Collapsed - 33 Partially/Partly Collapsed - 107 In total – 140

Total estimated damages (tangible) - $ 169 Million USD

Thousands of private houses with CH significance in all 14 districts

Some post-earthquake activities

Immediate response to PNDA and PDRF Evacuation, Salvaging and Immediate Protection of the Sites Preparation of drawings, designs and cost estimation Post Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy (National

Reconstruction Authority and Department of Archeology) 6 years “Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage Master Plan”

Conservation Guidelines Conservation Manual

Policy and Amendment of Conservation Guidelines

After Earthquake

Damages

Before Earthquake

After Earthquake

ContinuedBefore Earthquake

After Earthquake

Continued…

Before Earthquake

Some glimpses

Conservation

On-going reconstruction activities

Workmanship

CHALLENGESCH sites: Resources, Financial, Technical

Coordination between concerning stakeholder

Traditional Material and skilled labour

Monitoring of construction activities

Private houses:

Incentive for private house owners

Provision of Financial and Technical Assistance for CH significant buildings

Normal reconstruction vs CH reconstruction:

Build Back Better (Government)

OR Better Build Back (People)

OR Preserve CH ???

On-going external support

Cultural Heritage Sites: Government of Japan (Technical Experts and research works – Shiva Temple,

Agam Chhen, Jagannath Temple, Gopinath Temple, Khokana and BungamatiHistorical Settlements)

Government of China (Nautale at Hanumandhoka and Nuwakot Durbar), Government of Germany (Monument in Bhaktapur), Government of Sri Lanka (Anandakuti at Swayambhu and Rato Machhindranath

at Bungamati) KVPT (monuments in Patan and some in Hanumandhoka), has been supporting

for post earthquake conservation, reconstruction and rehabilitation

Private Houses: Housing Reconstruction Program (including WB project) – Doesn’t yet have a

separate component on reconstruction of buildings with cultural heritage significance

Thank you!

R E S I L I E N T C U LT U R A L H E R I TA G E M A N A G E M E N T

1Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan

JIGME CHODENCivil (Conservation) Engineer

2Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan

Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites:Department of

Culture

Engineering Adaptation &

Risk Reduction

Division

Department of Disaster

Management

Coordinate Disaster Risk Management at the National and Local

Levels with relevant agencies.

Raise awareness on Disaster Risk and their Mitigation.

Facilitate effective disaster management through development of

various guideline and legislative framework.

MINISTRY OF HOME AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS

To develop research oriented disaster

risk resilient construction

methodologies (Guidelines and

Manuals).

Ensure technology adaptation and risk

reduction measures sensitive to our

indigenous knowledge and traditional

system.

MINISTRY OF WORKS AND HUMAN SETTLEMENT

Conservation of Heritage Sites with

integration of DRM measures.

To Develop Guideline for new

construction and strengthening of

existing traditional buildings.

P O L I C Y A N D H U M A N R E S O U R C E D E V E LO P M E N T

2013 Part C : Improving Seismic Resilience of Traditional Bhutanese Buildings

2014

2015 Workshop Resolving Structural Issues Related to Traditional Bhutanese Buildings Particularly Dzongs

Study of Typology of Rammed Earth Building

Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan

2017Development of Guidelines for New

Construction and Strengthening of Existing Traditional Rammed Earth Buildings

Training of Engineers and Artisans

RESEARCH : On Traditional Construction Material Properties and Traditional Construction Technology

DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE DISASTER RESILENT MEASURES IN TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS AND ITS INTEGRATION

Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan

BUILD TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND MONITORING SYSTEM: Monitoring of Heritage Buildings to study the cause of issues and Monitoring during implementation of the conservation works.

1

2

3

Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan

2009 and 2011 Post 2009 and 2011

2012 to 2014 2014 to 2017

EARTHQUAKE Major Damages to

Traditional Rammed Earth

and Masonry Building in

Bhutan

Development of Good

Construction Practices in

Timber Construction and

Rammed Earth

Construction . Training of

Craftsman and Local

Communities

ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES

Development of

Guidelines for New

Construction and

Strengthening of Existing

Traditional Rammed Earth

Buildings.

Introduction to Structural

Expert for WDRP

.

POLICY AND HUMAN

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTTOKYO

NATIONAL RESEARCH

INSTITUTE FOR CULTURAL

PROPERTIESArchitectural and

Structural Study Survey

Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan

2015 Onwards 2017 Onwards

CONSTRUCTION OF WANGDUE DZONG (FORTRESS) WITH DISASTER

RESILIENT MEASURES Engineered Structural Intervention Measures for Stone

Masonry Construction (Large Heritage Buildings).

Propagation of such Interventions in other Dzong Projects.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP

FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTResearch on the Effectiveness of the

Reinforcement Engineered and its Improvement.

CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF

RESEARCH INSTITUDE FOR TRADITIONAL

STRUCTURES (RITS): Testing and Research

facility.